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For newborns suspected having childhood interstitial lung disease (ChILD), the sequencing of genes encoding surfactant proteins is recommended. However, it is still difficult to interpret the clinical significance of those variants found. We report a full-term born female infant who presented with respiratory distress and failure to thrive at 2 months of age and both imaging and lung biopsy were consistent with ChILD. Her genetic test was initially reported as a variant of unknown significance in surfactant protein C (c.202G > T, p.V68F), which was modified later as likely pathogenic after reviewing a report of the same variant as causing ChILD. The infant was placed on noninvasive ventilation and treated with IV Methylprednisolone, Hydroxychloroquine, and Azithromycin but did not show significant clinical and radiological improvement underwent tracheostomy and is awaiting lung transplantation at 8 months of age. The challenges interpreting the genetic results are discussed., Author(s): Hyunbin Park [sup.1], Aneela Bidiwala [sup.1], Laura A. Conrad [sup.1], Nasr Aborawi [sup.1], Michelle Ewart [sup.2], Maureen Josephson [sup.3], Lawrence M. Nogee [sup.4], Raanan Arens [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) [...]

Infantile digital fibroma is a rare benign lesion that usually occurs during the first 2 years of life. It can be multiple, but it is usually a single lesion. If it grows large enough it can cause joint deformities or interfere with everyday activities. Microscopically, the neoplastic cells usually have inclusion bodies that are best highlighted with a Masson trichrome stain but can often be seen on hematoxylin-eosin staining. Treatment for this entity is usually watchful waiting because of its ability to spontaneously regress, but excision is recommended if the lesion is symptomatic. More recently, fluorouracil or injectable steroids have shown great promise in inducing regression without the complications that accompany surgery. (Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2016; 140:1153-1156; doi: 10.5858/arpa.2015-0492-RS), Infantile digital fibroma is a rare benign tumor made up of mostly myofibroblasts, (1,2) with approximately 200 cases reported in the English-language literature. (3) This entity was first described by [...]