168 results on '"Fischer, Michael"'
Search Results
2. CRD VI And The New EU Third-Country Branch Regime: Harmonization Means Restricted Access
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Fischer, Michael R.
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Bank capital -- Laws, regulations and rules ,Banking industry -- International aspects -- Finance -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Organization formation ,Branch banks -- Organization formation -- Laws, regulations and rules ,Government regulation ,Company financing ,Banking industry ,Business, international ,European Union -- Economic policy - Abstract
In Short The Situation: The European Union ('EU') banking legislation has been substantially reviewed and provides notably for a new regime applicable to cross-border activities from non-EU jurisdictions. The Result: [...]
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- 2024
3. Comparison of measures of medication adherence from pharmacy dispensing and insurer claims data
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Fontanet, Constance P., Choudhry, Niteesh K., Isaac, Thomas, Sequist, Thomas D., Gopalakrishnan, Chandrasekar, Gagne, Joshua J., Jackevicius, Cynthia A., Fischer, Michael A., Solomon, Daniel H., and Lauffenburger, Julie C.
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Medical care, Cost of -- Analysis ,Patient compliance -- Evaluation ,Drugstores -- Comparative analysis -- Forecasts and trends ,Data entry -- Methods ,Market trend/market analysis ,Business ,Health care industry - Abstract
Objective: Medication nonadherence is linked to worsened clinical outcomes and increased costs. Existing system-level adherence interventions rely on insurer claims for patient identification and outcome measurement, yet suffer from incomplete capture and lags in data acquisition. Data from pharmacies regarding prescription filling, captured in retail dispensing, may be more efficient. Data Sources: Pharmacy fill and insurer claims data. Study Design: We compared adherence measured using pharmacy fill data to adherence using insurer claims data, expressed as proportion of days covered (PDC) over 12 months. Agreement was evaluated using correlation/validation metrics. We also explored the relationship between adherence in both sources and disease control using prediction modeling. Data Extraction Methods: Large pragmatic trial of cardiometabolic disease in an integrated delivery network. Principal Findings: Among 1113 patients, adherence was higher in pharmacy fill (mean = 50.0%) versus claims data (mean = 47.4%), although they had moderately high correlation (R = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.53-0.61) with most patients (86.9%) being similarly classified as adherent or nonadherent. Sensitivity and specificity of pharmacy fill versus claims data were high (0.89, 95% CI: 0.86-0.91 and 0.80, 95% CI: 0.75-0.85). Pharmacy fill-based PDC predicted better disease control slightly more than claimsbased PDC, although the difference was nonsignificant. Conclusions: Pharmacy fill data may be an alternative to insurer claims for adherence measurement. KEYWORDS adherence, claims, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, pharmacy What is known on this topic * Nonadherence to oral medications results in worsened clinical outcomes and higher costs. * While insurer claims are often used for adherence assessment, this data source can suffer from incomplete data capture and lags in data acquisition; by contrast, pharmacy fill data are thought to overcome these limitations but have not been rigorously compared. What this study adds * This study compares medication adherence in pharmacy fill data to adherence in insurer claims data. * Pharmacy fill data have equivalent ability to predict good disease control and may capture more data than insurer claims data. * Pharmacy fill data may be an alternative to insurer claims for adherence measurement., 1 | INTRODUCTION Nonadherence to evidence-based medications is extremely common and associated with worsened clinical outcomes and increased health care costs. (1-3) Consequently, adherence has become a key quality measure, [...]
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- 2022
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4. Ocular Monkeypox--United States, July-September 2022
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Cash-Goldwasser, Shama, Labuda, Sarah M., McCormick, David W., Rao, Agam K., McCollum, Andrea M., Petersen, Brett W., Chodosh, James, Brown, Catherine M., Chan-Colenbrander, Suk Yin, Dugdale, Caitlin M., Fischer, Michael, Forrester, Amy, Griffith, Jayne, Harold, Rachel, Furness, Bruce W., Huang, Vivian, Kaufman, Aaron R., Kitchell, Ellen, Lee, Rachel, Lehnertz, Nicholas, Lynfield, Ruth, Marsh, Ketzela Jacobowitz, Madoff, Lawrence C., Nicolasora, Nelson, Patel, Dharmendra, Pineda, Roberto, II, Powrzanas, Trey, Roberts, Afsoon, Seville, Maria Teresa, Shah, Ami, Wong, Joshua M., Ritter, Jana M., Schrodt, Caroline A., Raizes, Elliot, Morris, Sapna Bamrah, and Gold, Jeremy A.W.
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Human monkeypox -- Care and treatment ,Conjunctivitis -- Care and treatment ,Trifluridine ,Health - Abstract
On October 17, 2022, this report was posted as an MMWR Early Release on the MMWR website (https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr). As of October 11, 2022, a total of 26,577 monkeypox cases had [...]
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- 2022
5. Hospitalizations among adults with chronic kidney disease in the United States: A cohort study
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Schrauben, Sarah J., Chen, Hsiang-Yu, Lin, Eugene, Jepson, Christopher, Yang, Wei, Scialla, Julia J., Fischer, Michael J., Lash, James P., Fink, Jeffrey C., Hamm, L. Lee, Kanthety, Radhika, Rahman, Mahboob, Feldman, Harold I., and Anderson, Amanda H.
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Chronic kidney failure -- Diagnosis -- Distribution -- Care and treatment ,Hospital care -- Statistics -- Complications and side effects ,Comorbid patients -- Care and treatment ,Company distribution practices ,Biological sciences - Abstract
Background Adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are hospitalized more frequently than those without CKD, but the magnitude of this excess morbidity and the factors associated with hospitalizations are not well known. Methods and findings Data from 3,939 participants enrolled in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study between 2003 and 2008 at 7 clinical centers in the United States were used to estimate primary causes of hospitalizations, hospitalization rates, and baseline participant factors associated with all-cause, cardiovascular, and non-cardiovascular hospitalizations during a median follow up of 9.6 years. Multivariable-adjusted Poisson regression was used to identify factors associated with hospitalization rates, including demographics, blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and proteinuria. Hospitalization rates in CRIC were compared with rates in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) from 2012. Of the 3,939 CRIC participants, 45.1% were female, and 41.9% identified as non-Hispanic black, with a mean age of 57.7 years, and the mean eGFR is 44.9 ml/min/1.73m.sup.2 . CRIC participants had an unadjusted overall hospitalization rate of 35.0 per 100 person-years (PY) [95% CI: 34.3 to 35.6] and 11.1 per 100 PY [95% CI: 10.8 to 11.5] for cardiovascular-related causes. All-cause, non-cardiovascular, and cardiovascular hospitalizations were associated with older age ([greater than or equal to]65 versus 45 to 64 years), more proteinuria ([greater than or equal to]150 to Conclusions In this study, we observed that adults with CKD had a higher hospitalization rate than the general population that is hospitalized, and even moderate reductions in kidney function were associated with elevated rates of hospitalization. Causes of hospitalization were predominantly related to cardiovascular disease, but other causes contributed, particularly, genitourinary, digestive, and endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic illnesses. High levels of proteinuria were observed to have the largest association with hospitalizations across a wide range of kidney function levels., Author(s): Sarah J. Schrauben 1,2,3,*, Hsiang-Yu Chen 3, Eugene Lin 4, Christopher Jepson 5, Wei Yang 3, Julia J. Scialla 6, Michael J. Fischer 7,8, James P. Lash 8, Jeffrey [...]
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- 2020
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6. Double decontamination: Germany's Grafenrheinfeld is the only reactor worldwide to perform two full system decontaminations during its lifetime. Christian Topf, Sigrid Schutz and Christian Volkmann explain how the technique has led to significant dose savings
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Fischer, Michael, Belda, Luis Sempere, Topf, Christian, Berger, Volker, Oster, Ralph, and Volkmann, Christian
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Nuclear power plants -- Political aspects -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Contamination ,Nuclear industry -- Political aspects -- Industry forecasts -- Laws, regulations and rules ,Decontamination -- Laws, regulations and rules ,Government regulation ,Business ,Business, international ,Petroleum, energy and mining industries - Abstract
During the last two decades, Germany's nuclear industry has had to accept fundamental changes in political conditions. At the beginning of the new century, Germany's social democratic-green government under chancellor [...]
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- 2017
7. Observing cellulose biosynthesis and membrane translocation in crystallo
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Morgan, Jacob L.W., McNamara, Joshua T., Fischer, Michael, Rich, Jamie, Chen, Hong-Ming, Withers, Stephen G., and Zimmer, Jochen
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Cellulose -- Physiological aspects -- Analysis ,Biosynthesis -- Analysis ,Translocation (Genetics) -- Analysis ,Environmental issues ,Science and technology ,Zoology and wildlife conservation - Abstract
Many biopolymers, including polysaccharides, must be translocated across at least one membrane to reach their site of biological function. Cellulose is a linear glucose polymer synthesized and secreted by a membrane-integrated cellulose synthase. Here, in crystallo enzymology with the catalytically active bacterial cellulose synthase BcsA-BcsB complex reveals structural snapshots of a complete cellulose biosynthesis cycle, from substrate binding to polymer translocation. Substrate--and product-bound structures of BcsA provide the basis for substrate recognition and demonstrate the stepwise elongation of cellulose. Furthermore, the structural snapshots show that BcsA translocates cellulose via a ratcheting mechanism involving a 'finger helix' that contacts the polymer's terminal glucose. Cooperating with BcsA's gating loop, the finger helix moves 'up' and 'down' in response to substrate binding and polymer elongation, respectively, thereby pushing the elongated polymer into BcsA's transmembrane channel. This mechanism is validated experimentally by tethering BcsA's finger helix, which inhibits polymer translocation but not elongation., Cellulose is an abundant structural cell component produced by many organisms, including bacteria, vascular plants and animals (1-4). It is a linear polymer of glucose molecules joined between their C1 [...]
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- 2016
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8. Comparative effectiveness of generic and brand-name medication use: A database study of US health insurance claims
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Desai, Rishi J., Sarpatwari, Ameet, Dejene, Sara, Khan, Nazleen F., Lii, Joyce, Rogers, James R., Dutcher, Sarah K., Raofi, Saeid, Bohn, Justin, Connolly, John G., Fischer, Michael A., Kesselheim, Aaron S., and Gagne, Joshua J.
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Generic drugs -- Usage -- Comparative analysis -- Patient outcomes ,Proprietary drugs -- Comparative analysis -- Usage -- Patient outcomes ,Medical research ,Chronic diseases ,Insulin ,Biological sciences - Abstract
Background To the extent that outcomes are mediated through negative perceptions of generics (the nocebo effect), observational studies comparing brand-name and generic drugs are susceptible to bias favoring the brand-name drugs. We used authorized generic (AG) products, which are identical in composition and appearance to brand-name products but are marketed as generics, as a control group to address this bias in an evaluation aiming to compare the effectiveness of generic versus brand medications. Methods and findings For commercial health insurance enrollees from the US, administrative claims data were derived from 2 databases: (1) Optum Clinformatics Data Mart (years: 2004-2013) and (2) Truven MarketScan (years: 2003-2015). For a total of 8 drug products, the following groups were compared using a cohort study design: (1) patients switching from brand-name products to AGs versus generics, and patients initiating treatment with AGs versus generics, where AG use proxied brand-name use, addressing negative perception bias, and (2) patients initiating generic versus brand-name products (bias-prone direct comparison) and patients initiating AG versus brand-name products (negative control). Using Cox proportional hazards regression after 1:1 propensity-score matching, we compared a composite cardiovascular endpoint (for amlodipine, amlodipine-benazepril, and quinapril), non-vertebral fracture (for alendronate and calcitonin), psychiatric hospitalization rate (for sertraline and escitalopram), and insulin initiation (for glipizide) between the groups. Inverse variance meta-analytic methods were used to pool adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for each comparison between the 2 databases. Across 8 products, 2,264,774 matched pairs of patients were included in the comparisons of AGs versus generics. A majority (12 out of 16) of the clinical endpoint estimates showed similar outcomes between AGs and generics. Among the other 4 estimates that did have significantly different outcomes, 3 suggested improved outcomes with generics and 1 favored AGs (patients switching from amlodipine brand-name: HR [95% CI] 0.92 [0.88-0.97]). The comparison between generic and brand-name initiators involved 1,313,161 matched pairs, and no differences in outcomes were noted for alendronate, calcitonin, glipizide, or quinapril. We observed a lower risk of the composite cardiovascular endpoint with generics versus brand-name products for amlodipine and amlodipine-benazepril (HR [95% CI]: 0.91 [0.84-0.99] and 0.84 [0.76-0.94], respectively). For escitalopram and sertraline, we observed higher rates of psychiatric hospitalizations with generics (HR [95% CI]: 1.05 [1.01-1.10] and 1.07 [1.01-1.14], respectively). The negative control comparisons also indicated potentially higher rates of similar magnitude with AG compared to brand-name initiation for escitalopram and sertraline (HR [95% CI]: 1.06 [0.98-1.13] and 1.11 [1.05-1.18], respectively), suggesting that the differences observed between brand and generic users in these outcomes are likely explained by either residual confounding or generic perception bias. Limitations of this study include potential residual confounding due to the unavailability of certain clinical parameters in administrative claims data and the inability to evaluate surrogate outcomes, such as immediate changes in blood pressure, upon switching from brand products to generics. Conclusions In this study, we observed that use of generics was associated with comparable clinical outcomes to use of brand-name products. These results could help in promoting educational interventions aimed at increasing patient and provider confidence in the ability of generic medicines to manage chronic diseases., Author(s): Rishi J. Desai 1,*, Ameet Sarpatwari 1, Sara Dejene 1, Nazleen F. Khan 1, Joyce Lii 1, James R. Rogers 1, Sarah K. Dutcher 2, Saeid Raofi 3, Justin [...]
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- 2019
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9. Recent US case of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease--global implications
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Maheshwari, Atul, Fischer, Michael, Gambetti, Pierluigi, Parker, Alicia, Ram, Aarthi, Soto, Claudio, Concha-Marambio, Luis, Cohen, Yvonne, Belay, Ermias D., Maddox, Ryan A., Mead, Simon, Goodman, Clay, Kass, Joseph S., Schonberger, Lawrence B., and Hussein, Haitham M.
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Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease -- Case studies -- Diagnosis -- Identification and classification ,Health - Abstract
Prion disorders are a unique class of diseases caused by pathologically misfolding proteins leading to neurodegeneration (1). Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), one such prion disorder, is divided into 4 etiologic categories: [...]
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- 2015
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10. DecoJect combines in-mold graining with injection molding for high quality components
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Kienzl, Wolfgang, Fischer, Michael, Steinbichler, Georg, Ender, Michael, Formenbau, Georg Kaufmann, Plinke, Steffen, and Kralicek, Markus
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Automotive parts ,Business ,Chemicals, plastics and rubber industries - Abstract
Decorative foils are being used increasingly to replace painting in order to flexibly combine a high quality surface finish of the vehicle interior with small batch sizes and low unit [...]
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- 2017
11. FGF23 induces left ventricular hypertrophy
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Faul, Christian, Amaral, Ansel P., Oskouei, Behzad, Hu, Ming-Chang, Sloan, Alexis, Isakova, Tamara, Gutierrez, Orlando M., Aguillon-Prada, Robier, Lincoln, Joy, Hare, Joshua M., Mundel, Peter, Morales, Azorides, Scialla, Julia, Fischer, Michael, Soliman, Elsayed Z., Chen, Jing, Go, Alan S., Rosas, Sylvia E., Nessel, Lisa, Townsend, Raymond R., Feldman, Harold I., John Sutton, Martin St., Ojo, Akinlolu, Gadegbeku, Crystal, Marco, Giovana Seno Di, Reuter, Stefan, Kentrup, Dominik, Tiemann, Klaus, Brand, Marcus, Hill, Joseph A., Moe, Orson W., Kuro-o, Makoto, Kusek, John W., Keane, Martin G., and Wolf, Myles
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Heart ventricle, Left -- Physiological aspects ,Heart enlargement -- Diagnosis -- Care and treatment ,Cellular signal transduction -- Research ,Health care industry - Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health epidemic that increases risk of death due to cardiovascular disease. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an important mechanism of cardiovascular disease in [...]
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- 2011
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12. Noninvasive ventilation in emergency care
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Wilbeck, Jennifer and Fischer, Michael
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Artificial respiration -- Methods ,Artificial respiration -- Safety and security measures ,Emergency medical services -- Evaluation ,Health - Published
- 2009
13. The vanilloid receptor TRPV1 is activated and sensitized by local anesthetics in rodent sensory neurons
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Leffler, Andreas, Fischer, Michael J., Rehner, Dietlinde, Kienel, Stephanie, Kistner, Katrin, Sauer, Susanne K., Gavva, Narender R., Reeh, Peter W., and Nau, Carla
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Anesthetics -- Dosage and administration ,Anesthetics -- Research ,Sensory receptors -- Health aspects ,Sensory receptors -- Physiological aspects ,Sensory receptors -- Research - Abstract
Local anesthetics (LAs) block the generation and propagation of action potentials by interacting with specific sites of voltage-gated [Na.sup.+] channels. LAs can also excite sensory neurons and be neurotoxic through mechanisms that are as yet undefined. Nonspecific cation channels of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel family that are predominantly expressed by nociceptive sensory neurons render these neurons sensitive to a variety of insults. Here we demonstrated that the LA lidocaine activated TRP channel family receptors TRPV1 and, to a lesser extent, TRPA1 in rodent dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons as well as in HEK293t cells expressing TRPV1 or TRPA1. Lidocaine also induced a TRPV1-dependent release of calcitonin gene--related peptide (CGRP) from isolated skin and peripheral nerve. Lidocaine sensitivity of TRPV1 required segments of the putative vanilloid-binding domain within and adjacent to transmembrane domain 3, was diminished under phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate depletion, and was abrogated by a point mutation at residue R701 in the proximal C-terminal TRP domain. These data identify TRPV1 and TRPA1 as putative key elements of LA-induced nociceptor excitation. This effect is sufficient to release CGRP, a key component of neurogenic inflammation, and warrants investigation into the role of TRPV1 and TRPA1 in LA-induced neurotoxicity., Introduction Local anesthetics (LAs) block voltage-gated [Na.sup.+] channels, the major generators of the upstroke of action potentials (1), (2). The clinical use for spinal anesthesia and peripheral regional anesthesia requires [...]
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- 2008
14. Four genealogies for a recombinant anthropology of science and technology
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Fischer, Michael M.J.
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Genealogy -- Analysis ,Technological complexity -- Analysis ,Computers and civilization -- Analysis ,Anthropology/archeology/folklore - Abstract
The article discusses the advent and functions of four partly distinctive genealogies of the anthropology of science and technology in research from the 1990s through the early 21st century.
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- 2007
15. Return to sports and recreational activity after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty
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Naal, Florian D., Fischer, Michael, Preuss, Alexander, Goldhahn, Joerg, Knoch, Fabian von, Preiss, Stefan, Munzinger, Urs, and Drobny, Tomas
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Arthroplasty -- Health aspects ,Knee -- Injuries ,Health ,Sports and fitness ,Care and treatment ,Health aspects - Abstract
Background: There is a lack of detailed information concerning patients' sports and recreational activities after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. Hypothesis: Patients treated by unicompartmental knee arthroplasty will be able to return [...]
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- 2007
16. Politics of Culture in Iran: Anthropology, Politics, and Society in the Twentieth Century
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Fischer, Michael M.J.
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Politics of Culture in Iran: Anthropology, Politics, and Society in the Twentieth Century (Book) -- Book reviews ,Books -- Book reviews ,Anthropology/archeology/folklore ,Economics ,History ,Literature/writing ,Political science - Published
- 2007
17. Culture and cultural analysis as experimental systems
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Fischer, Michael M.J.
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Ethnology -- History ,Civilization, Modern -- Analysis ,Social sciences -- Analysis ,Anthropology/archeology/folklore - Abstract
The growth of cultural analysis from the beginnings of modern anthropology to the present is outlined as layered set of experimental system. It is suggested that culture is not a variable but relational, as it is a set of central anthropological forms of knowledge being the foundation of human beings' self-understanding.
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- 2007
18. Introduction to Culture at Large Forum with George Lipsitz: Social warrants and rethinking American culture
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Fischer, Michael M.J.
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Anthropology -- Analysis ,Anthropology/archeology/folklore - Abstract
A forum titled eRethinking American CultureE featured the work of George Lipsitz in a dialogue between American Studies and anthropology about the ways in which new forms of commercial patterns and practices, new movements of people and products, and new communications technologies produce new ways of studying culture. The dialogue addresses the struggles over the social warrants of the US culture in the 21st century and how historians and anthropologists describe and analyze such warrants and reconstitute these fields, which are under pressure in ea moment of dangerE.
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- 2006
19. A review of Civil War tax legislation and its influence on the current U.S. income tax system
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King, Darwin L., Fischer, Michael J., and Case, Carl J.
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Business - Abstract
ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to review and compare income tax legislation passed during the Civil War by both the Union and the Confederacy. The major tax act [...]
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- 2006
20. Culture and cultural analysis
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Fischer, Michael M.J.
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Ethnology -- Analysis ,Social change -- Analysis ,Cultural studies ,Social sciences - Abstract
The challenge of cultural analysis is to develop translation and mediation tools for helping make visible the differences of interests, access, power, needs, desires, and philosophical perspective. A discussion on the changes in cultural analysis through the last quarter of the 20th century and the early years of the 21st century, brought about by social and technological developments, is presented.
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- 2006
21. Will words ever harm me? Escalation from verbal to physical abuse in sixth-grade classrooms
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Geiger, Brenda and Fischer, Michael
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Students -- Behavior ,Students -- Psychological aspects ,Invective -- Psychological aspects ,Invective -- Analysis ,Law ,Psychology and mental health ,Sociology and social work - Abstract
Based on in-depth qualitative interviews, this article gives the opportunity to 145 sixth graders to tell, in their own words, how they felt and reacted when verbally and emotionally abused by their classmates. Content analysis of interviews revealed gender differences in students' reactions to verbal aggression. Another interesting finding was the differentiation between verbally aggressive messages meant to be for fun from those that were not so meant based on (1) contextual cues, (2) other peers' reaction, and (3) the malleability of the personal features that were the topic of the attack. Observing friendly peers were found to play an important role in reducing tension and preventing the escalation of violence. However, when the verbally aggressive message targeted a permanent physical characteristic or the student's social or ethnic identity, then suffering, anger and humiliation legitimized the escalation from verbal to physical aggression for students of both genders. Keywords: verbal abuse; aggression; interpersonal interaction; youth development
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- 2006
22. Hypotension in NKCC1 null mice: role of the kidneys
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Wall, Susan M., Knepper, Mark A., Hassell, Kathryn A., Fischer, Michael P., Shodeinde, Adetola, Shin, Wonkyong, Pham, Truyen Derek, Meyer, Jamie W., Lorenz, John N., Beierwaltes, William H., Dietz, John R., Shull, Gary E., and Kim, Young-Hee
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Biological sciences - Abstract
NKCC1 null mice are hypotensive, in part, from the absence of NKCC1-mediated vasoconstriction. Whether these mice have renal defects in NaCl and water handling which r contribute to the hypotension is unexplored. Therefore, we asked 1) whether NKCC1 (-/-) mice have a defect in the regulation of NaCl and water balance, which might contribute to the observed hypotension and 2) whether the hypotension observed in these mice is accompanied by endocrine abnormalities and/or downregulation of renal [Na.sup.+] transporter expression. Thus we performed balance studies, semi-quantitative immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry of kidney tissue from NKCC1 (+/+) and NKCC1 (-/-) mice which consumed either a high (2.8% NACl)- or a low-NaCl (0.01% NaCl) diet for 7 days. Blood pressure was lower in NKCC1 (-/-) than NKCC1 (+/+) mice following either high or low dietary NaCl intake. Relative to wild-type mice, NKCC1 null mice had a lower plasma ANP concentration, a higher plasma renin and a higher serum [K.sup.+] concentration with inappropriately low urinary [K.sup.+] excretion, although serum aldosterone was either the same or only slightly increased in the mutant mice. Expression of NHE3, the a-subunit of the Na-K-ATPase, NCC, and NKCC2 were higher in NKCC1 null than in wild-type mice, although differences were generally greater during NaCl restriction. NKCC1 null mice had a reduced capacity to excrete free water than wild-type mice, which resulted in hypochloremia following the NaCl-deficient diet. Hypochloremia did not occur from increased aquaporin-1 (AQP1) or 2 protein expression or from redistribution of AQP2 to the apical regions of principal cells. Instead, NKCC1 null mice had a blunted increase in urinary osmolality following vasopressin administration, which should increase free water excretion and attenuate the hypochloremia. In conclusion, aldosterone release is inappropriately low in NKCC1 null mice. Moreover, the action of aldosterone and vasopressin is altered within kidneys of NKCC1 null mice, which likely contributes to their hypotension. Increased [Na.sup.+] transporter expression, increased plasma renin, and reduced plasma ANP, as observed in NKCC1 null mice, should increase vascular volume and blood pressure, thus minimizing hypotension. [Na.sup.+] transporters; chloride; water; renin; aldosterone
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- 2006
23. Risk of death in elderly users of conventional vs. atypical antipsychotic medications
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Wang, Philip S., Schneeweiss, Sebastian, Avorn, Jerry, Fischer, Michael A., Brookhart, M. Alan, Mogun, Helen, and Solomon, Daniel H.
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Antipsychotic drugs -- Research ,Antipsychotic drugs -- Risk factors ,Aged patients -- Health aspects ,Drugs -- Adverse and side effects ,Drugs -- Research - Abstract
A retrospective cohort study involving 22,890 patients 65 years of age who had drug insurance benefits in Pennsylvania and who began receiving atypical antipsychotic medication between 1994 and 2003 is conducted. Results suggest that conventional antipsychotic medications are as likely as atypical agents to increase the risk of death among elderly persons and that conventional drugs should not be used to replace atypical agents discontinued in response to the FDA warning.
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- 2005
24. The hepatotoxicity of antifungal medications in bone marrow transplant recipients
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Fischer, Michael A., Winkelmayer, Wolfgang C., Rubin, Robert H., and Avorn, Jerry
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Antifungal agents -- Usage ,Bone marrow -- Transplantation ,Health ,Health care industry - Published
- 2005
25. Technoscientific infrastructures and emergent forms of life: a commentary
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Fischer, Michael M.J.
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Ethics -- Research ,Biology -- Ethical aspects ,Anthropology/archeology/folklore - Abstract
New forms of life, ethical plateaus, and civic political contests arise through the creation of new technoscientific infrastructures in which market, law, code, and norms compete for hegemonic control over the rules of play. A review of a panel of four articles interrogates agendas for ethnographies of the locally diverse peopling of such new infrastructures, including the continuing renegotiation of historical and emergent modalities of ethical and political reason. [Keywords: emergent forms of life, technoscientific infrastructures, deep play, ethical plateaus, biology as civics]
- Published
- 2005
26. Medicaid prior-authorization programs and the use of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors
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Fischer, Michael A., Schneeweiss, Sebastian, Avorn, Jerry, and Solomon, Daniel H.
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Medicaid -- Services ,COX-2 inhibitors -- Dosage and administration ,Medical care -- Surveys ,Medical care -- England - Abstract
The state Medicaid agencies was surveyed to determine whether prescription of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors (coxibs) required prior authorization and, if so, the criteria for authorization. It was found that the use of coxibs and spending on nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) varied widely by state and declined substantially after the implementation of prior-authorization programs.
- Published
- 2004
27. Economic implications of evidence-based prescribing for hypertension: can better care cost less?
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Fischer, Michael A. and Avorn, Jerry
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Medical care, Cost of -- Comparative analysis ,Blood circulation disorders -- Care and treatment ,Blood circulation disorders -- Research ,Blood circulation disorders -- Economic aspects ,Cookery for hypertensives -- Care and treatment ,Cookery for hypertensives -- Research ,Cookery for hypertensives -- Economic aspects ,Hypertension -- Care and treatment ,Hypertension -- Research ,Hypertension -- Economic aspects - Abstract
The potential savings from the perspective of health care payers that would result from increased adherence to evidence-based recommendations for managing hypertension in patients older than 65 years is calculated.
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- 2004
28. Date-rape-supporting and victim-blaming attitudes among high school students in a multiethnic society; Israel
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Geiger, Brenda, Fischer, Michael, and Eshet, Yovav
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Sexual abuse ,Rape ,Dating (Social customs) ,Law ,Psychology and mental health ,Sociology and social work - Abstract
This study examined the extent to which a multiethnic sample of 900 Israeli high school students supported date-rape and victim-blaming attitudes and the predictors of such support. Findings indicate wide support for stereotypes justifying sexual coercion by time and the location of the date, the victim's behavior, and the minimization of the seriousness of date rape. A regression analysis indicates that students' gender and age are the strongest predictors of rape-tolerant and victim-blaming attitudes. Socioeconomic status and religious orientation explain a small proportion of the variance in the support of such attitudes. By contrast, no significant relationship is indicated with ethnicity. Alternative sex-education and rape prevention programs must address date-rape and victim-blaming attitudes and make students of both genders aware of various factors that continue to be misread as an invitation to have sex and put them at high risk of experiencing sexual coercion on a date. Keywords: date rape; rape myths; sexual coercion; sexism; youth dating attitudes
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- 2004
29. ANG II reduces net acid secretion in rat outer medullary collecting duct
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Wall, Susan M., Fischer, Michael P., Glapion, Dawn M., and De la Calzada, Mae
- Subjects
Angiotensin -- Research ,Biological sciences - Abstract
Wall, Susan M., Michael P. Fischer, Dawn M. Glapion, and Mae De La Calzada. ANG II reduces net acid secretion in rat outer medullary collecting duct. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 285: F930-F937, 2003. First published July 8, 2003; 10.1152/ajprenal.00400.2002.-In rat outer medullary collecting duct (OMCD), the mechanism(s) and regulation of [H.sup.+] secretion are not understood fully. The effect of changes in acid-base balance and the renin-angiotensin system on net [H.sup.+] secretion was explored. Rats received NaCl, NaHC[O.sub.3], N[H.sub.4]Cl, or nothing in their drinking water for 7 days. Total ammonia and total C[O.sub.2] ([J.sub.tco2) fluxes were measured in OMCD tubules perfused in vitro from rats in each treatment group. [J.sub.tCO2] was reduced in tubules from rats drinking N[H.sub.4]Cl relative to those drinking NaHC[O.sub.3]. Because N[H.sub.4]CI intake increases plasma renin and aldosterone, we asked if upregulation of the renin-angiotensin system reduces net [H.sup.+] secretion. Deoxycorticosterone pivalate administered in vivo did not affect J[tCO.sub.2]. However, ANG II given in vivo at 0.1 ng/min reduced J[tCO.sub.2] by 35%. To determine if ANG II has a direct effect on acid secretion, J[tCO.sub.2] was measured with ANG II applied in vitro. ANG II ([10.sup.8] M) present in the bath solution reduced J[tCO.sub.2] by 35%. This ANG II effect was not observed in the presence of the AT[sub.1] receptor blocker candesartan. In conclusion, in rat OMCD, J[tCO.sub.2] is paradoxically reduced with N[H.sub.4]Cl ingestion. Increased circulating ANG II, as occurs during metabolic acidosis, reduces J[tCO.sub.2]. ammonium; acidification; angiotensin 2; aldosterone; metabolic acidosis; metabolic alkalosis
- Published
- 2003
30. Fluid-structure interaction of stirrers in mixing vessels
- Author
-
Berger, Thomas, Fischer, Michael, and Strohmeier, Klaus
- Subjects
Pressure vessels -- Research ,Engineering and manufacturing industries - Abstract
Mixing stirrers are subject to severe damages when the rotational speed approaches the Eigenfrequency. Because of resonant vibrations, the stirrer deflection approaches infinity in the no damping case. Damping due to fluid-structure interaction between the mixing stirrer and the fluid in the vessel has major influence on the Eigenfrequency. Coupled analysis of the flow field within a mixing vessel and the structural dynamic response of the stirrer is necessary in order to evaluate vibrational amplitudes to guarantee life time safety for the stirrer. A simplified numerical model based on Newmark's integration scheme is developed for the stirrer dynamics that is suitable to be implemented in a CFD code as a user subroutine. Results in terms of Eigenfrequencies are compared to results of analytical formulas and FEM results and show excellent agreement. The fully fluid-structure coupled analysis is also presented. As a new aspect, a rotating grid (sliding mesh) was combined with a deformable grid to simulate the impeller movement. The results are compared to experimental and analytical data and show good agreement. [DOI: 10.1115/1.1613951]
- Published
- 2003
31. Lily E. Kay, 1947-2000
- Author
-
Fischer, Michael, Jansen, Sarah, and Weiner, Charles
- Subjects
Science -- History - Published
- 2003
32. Sit4 phosphatase is functionally linked to the ubiquitin-proteasome system
- Author
-
Singer, Thorsten, Haefner, Stefan, Hoffmann, Michael, Fischer, Michael, Ilyina, Julia, and Hilt, Wolfgang
- Subjects
Osmotic pressure -- Physiological aspects ,Gene mutations -- Physiological aspects ,Cells -- Genetic aspects ,Cells -- Growth ,Phosphatases -- Genetic aspects ,Genetics -- Research ,Company growth ,Biological sciences - Abstract
Using a synthetic lethality screen we found that the Sit4 phosphatase is functionally linked to the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Yeast cells harboring sit4 mutations and an impaired proteasome (clue to pre1-1 pre4-1 mutations) exhibited defective growth on minimal medium. Nearly identical synthetic effects were found when sit4 mutations were combined with defects of the Radt/Ubc2- and Cdc34/Ubc3-dependent ubiquitination pathways. Under synthetic lethal conditions, sit4 pre or sit4 ubc mutants formed strongly enlarged unbudded cells with a DNA content of 1N, indicating a defect in the maintenance of cell integrity during starvation-induced [G.sub.1] arrest. Sit4-related synthetic effects could be cured by high osmotic pressure or by the addition of certain amino acids to the growth medium. These results suggest a concerted function of the Sit4 phosphatase and the ubiquitin-proteasome system in osmoregulation and in the sensing of nutrients. Further analysis showed that Sit4 is not a target of proteasome-dependent protein degradation. We could also show that Sit4 does not contribute to regulation of proteasome activity. These data suggest that both Sit4 phosphatase and the proteasome act on a common target protein.
- Published
- 2003
33. Islam: The odd civilization out?
- Author
-
Fischer, Michael M.J.
- Subjects
Islam -- Influence ,Feminism -- Middle East ,Iran -- Social aspects ,Middle East -- Social aspects - Published
- 2002
34. In rat inner medullary collecting duct, N[H.sup.+.sub.4] uptake by the Na,K-ATPase is increased during hypokalemia
- Author
-
Wall, Susan M., Fischer, Michael P., Kim, Gheun-Ho, Nguyen, Bich-May, and Hassell, Kathryn A.
- Subjects
Physiology -- Research ,Ammonium -- Physiological aspects ,Rats -- Physiological aspects ,Hypokalemia -- Physiological aspects ,Adenosine triphosphatase -- Physiological aspects ,Biological sciences - Abstract
In rat inner medullary collecting duct, N[H.sup.+.sub.4] uptake by the Na,K-ATPase is increased during hypokalemia. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 282: F91-F102, 2002. First published August 21, 2001; 10.1152/ajprenal.00141.2002.-- In rat terminal inner medullary collecting duct (tIMCD), the Na,K-ATPase mediates N[H.sup.+.sub.4] uptake, which increases secretion of net [H.sup.+] equivalents. [K.sup.+] and N[H.sup.+.sub.4] compete for a common binding site on the Na,K-ATPase. Therefore, N[H.sup.+.sub.4] uptake should increase during hypokalemia because interstitial [K.sup.+] concentration is reduced. We asked whether upregulation of the Na,K-ATPase during hypokalemia also increases basolateral N[H.sup.+.sub.4] uptake. To induce hypokalemia, rats ate a diet with a low [K.sup.+] content. In tIMCD tubules from rats given 3 days of dietary [K.sup.+] restriction, Na,K-ATPase [[beta].sub.1]-subunit (NK-[[beta].sub.1]) protein expression increased although NK-[[alpha].sub.1] protein expression and Na,K-ATPase activity were unchanged relative to [K.sup.+]-replete controls. However, after 7 days of [K.sup.+] restriction, both NK-[[alpha].sub.1] and NK-[[beta].sub.1] subunit protein expression and Na,K-ATPase activity increased. The magnitude of Na,K-ATPase-mediated N[H.sup.+.sub.4] uptake across the basolateral membrane ([MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII]) was determined in tIMCD tubules perfused in vitro from rats after 3 days of a normal or a [K.sup.+]-restricted diet. [MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] was the; same in tubules from rats on either diet when measured at the same extracellular [K.sup.+] concentration. However, in either treatment group, increasing [K.sup.+] concentration from 10 to 30 mM reduced [MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] >60%. In conclusion, with 3 days of [K.sup.+] restriction, N[H.sup.+.sub.4] uptake by Na,K-ATPase is increased in the tIMCD primarily from the reduced interstitial [K.sup.+] concentration. sodium, hydrogen-adenosinetriphosphatase; terminal inner medullary collecting duct; potassium; ammonium
- Published
- 2002
35. AI, Standards And Patents - Time For A Gold Rush?
- Author
-
Fischer, Michael
- Subjects
Artificial intelligence -- Intellectual property ,Telecommunications services industry -- Intellectual property -- Laws, regulations and rules ,Communications industry -- Intellectual property -- Laws, regulations and rules ,Government regulation ,Telecommunications services industry ,Artificial intelligence ,Business, international - Abstract
AI expert Michael Fischer explores how the standardization process in the field of AI is further developing and the importance of having a strong patent strategy. When Canadian telecommunications giant [...]
- Published
- 2020
36. Binding of disease-associated prion protein to plasminogen
- Author
-
Fischer, Michael B., Roeckl, Christiane, Parizek, Petra, Schwarz, Hans Peter, and Aguzzi, Adriano
- Subjects
Environmental issues ,Science and technology ,Zoology and wildlife conservation - Abstract
Author(s): Michael B. Fischer [1, 2]; Christiane Roeckl [1, 2]; Petra Parizek [1]; Hans Peter Schwarz [3]; Adriano Aguzzi (corresponding author) [1] Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are associated with accumulation of [...]
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Luca Pacioli on Business Profits
- Author
-
Fischer, Michael J.
- Subjects
Pacioli, Luca -- Criticism and interpretation ,Bookkeeping -- Ethical aspects ,Profit -- Ethical aspects ,Business, general ,Law - Abstract
Double-entry accounting, with its method for the objective calculation of profits and system of capital accounting, is often seen as closely linked with our modern-day system of capitalism. Questions regarding the role of profits are at the center of many debates on 'business ethics.' Luca Pacioli, a 15th century Franciscan friar, is recognized as the 'father of accounting' because he published the first description of the double-entry system. However, Pacioli's 'ethical' views have not been as broadly recognized. The main purpose of this paper is to present and discuss Pacioli's views on the conduct of business enterprise and the pursuit of business profits.
- Published
- 2000
38. Emergent forms of life: anthropologies of late or postmodernities
- Author
-
Fischer, Michael M.J.
- Subjects
Postmodernism -- Social aspects ,Civilization, Modern -- Social aspects ,Anthropology -- Innovations ,Ethnology -- Innovations ,Anthropology/archeology/folklore - Abstract
The anthropologies of late modernity or postmodernity are discussed, with a focus on the centrality of science and technology, as well as decolonization, postcolonialism, and reconstruction after social trauma. The role of new electronic and visual media is also discussed. Other topics include techniques of multilocale or multisited ethnography; texts that are multivocal or addressed to multiple audiences; changes in traditional notions of comparative work; anthropological representations as interventions; and working with other genres.
- Published
- 1999
39. The epidemiology of prescriptions abandoned at the pharmacy
- Author
-
Shrank, William H., Choudhry, Niteesh K., Fischer, Michael A., Avorn, Jerry, Powell, Mark, Schneeweiss, Sebastian, Liberman, Joshua N., Dollear, Timothy, Brennan, Troyen A., and Brookhart, M. Alan
- Subjects
Epidemiology -- Analysis ,Prescription writing -- Analysis ,Medical care -- Quality management ,Medical care -- Analysis ,Health - Abstract
Background: Picking up prescriptions is an essential but previously unstudied component of adherence for patients who use retail pharmacies. Understanding the epidemiology and correlates of prescription abandonment may have an important effect on health care quality. Objective: To evaluate the rates and correlates of prescription abandonment. Design: Cross-sectional cohort study. Setting: One large retail pharmacy chain and one large pharmacy benefits manager (PBM) in the United States. Measurements: Prescriptions bottled at the retail pharmacy chain between 1 July 2008 and 30 September 2008 by patients insured by the PBM were identified. Pharmacy data were used to identify medications that were bottled and either dispensed or returned to stock (RTS) or abandoned. Data from the PBM were used to identify previous or subsequent dispensing at any pharmacy. The first (index) prescription in a class for each patient was assigned to 1 of 3 mutually exclusive outcomes: filled, RTS, or RTS with fill (in the 30 days after abandonment, the patient purchased a prescription for a medication in the same medication class at any pharmacy). Outcome rates were assessed by drug class, and generalized estimating equations were used to assess patient, neighborhood, insurance, and prescription characteristics associated with abandonment. Results: 10 349 139 index prescriptions were filled by 5 249 380 patients. Overall, 3.27% of index prescriptions were abandoned; 1.77% were RTS and 1.50% were RTS with fill. Patients were least likely to abandon opiate prescriptions. Prescriptions with copayments of $40 to $50 and prescriptions costing more than $50 were 3.40 times and 4.68 times more likely, respectively, to be abandoned than prescriptions with no copayment (P < 0.001 for both comparisons). New users of medications had a 2.74 times greater probability of abandonment than prevalent users (P < 0.001), and prescriptions delivered electronically were 1.64 times more likely to be abandoned than those that were not electronic (P < 0.001). Limitation: The study included mainly insured patients and analyzed data collected during the summer months only. Conclusion: Although prescription abandonment represents a small component of medication nonadherence, the correlates to abandonment highlight important opportunities to intervene and thereby improve medication taking. Primary Funding Source: CVS Caremark.
- Published
- 2010
40. Defending collegiality
- Author
-
Fischer, Michael
- Published
- 2009
41. Effect of electronic prescribing with formulary decision support on medication use and cost
- Author
-
Fischer, Michael A., Vogeli, Christine, Stedman, Margaret, Ferris, Timothy, Brookhart, M. Alan, and Weissman, Joel S.
- Subjects
Medical care, Cost of -- Analysis ,Drugs -- Prescribing ,Drugs -- Technology application ,Technology application ,Health - Published
- 2008
42. Potential savings from an evidence-based consumer-oriented public education campaign on prescription drugs
- Author
-
Donohue, Julie M., Fischer, Michael A., Huskamp, Haiden A., and Weissman, Joel S.
- Subjects
Drugs -- Prescribing ,Drugs -- Advertising ,Drug abuse -- Study and teaching ,Health promotion - Abstract
Objective. To estimate potential savings associated with the Consumer Reports Best Buy Drugs program, a national educational program that provides consumers with price and effectiveness information on prescription drugs. Data Sources. National data on 2006 prescription sales and retail prices paid for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), [beta]-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-coA) reductase inhibitors (statins). Study Design. We converted national data on aggregate unit sales of drugs in the four classes to defined daily doses (DDD) and estimated a range of potential savings from generic and therapeutic substitution. Principal Findings. We estimated that $2.76 billion, or 7.83 percent of sales, could be saved if use of the drugs recommended by the educational program was increased. The recommended drugs' prices were 15-65 percent lower per DDD than their therapeutic alternatives. The majority (57.4 percent) of potential savings would be achieved through therapeutic substitution. Conclusions. Substantial savings can be achieved through greater use of comparatively effective and lower cost drugs recommended by a national consumer education program. However, barriers to dissemination of consumer-oriented drug information must be addressed before savings can be realized. Key Words. Prescription drugs, costs, consumer, education, evidence-based medicine, Prescription drug expenditures have grown as a share of total health expenditures from 8.1 percent in 1997 to 12.1 percent in 2005, with per person spending doubling over this same [...]
- Published
- 2008
43. Dependence of germinal center B cells on expression of CD21/CD35 for survival
- Author
-
Fischer, Michael B., Goerg, Siegfried, and Carroll, Michael C.
- Subjects
B cells -- Physiological aspects ,Immunity -- Physiological aspects ,Science and technology ,Physiological aspects - Abstract
Affinity-driven selection of B lymphocytes within germinal centers is critical for the development of high-affinity memory cells and host protection. To investigate the role of the CD21/CD35 coreceptor in B cell competition for follicular retention and survival within the germinal center, either [Cr2.sup.+] or [Cr2.sup.null] lysozyme-specific transgenic B cells were adoptively transferred into normal mice immunized with duck (DEL) or turkey (TEL) lysozyme, which bind with different affinities. In mice injected with high-affinity turkey lysozyme, [Cr2.sup.null] B cells responded by follicular retention; however, they could not survive within germinal centers. This suggests that CD21 provides a signal independent of antigen that is required for survival of B cells in the germinal center., The murine Cr2 locus encodes complement receptors CD21 (CR2; 150 kD) and CD35 (CR1; 190 kD) that are expressed primarily on B cells and follicular dendritic cells (FDCs)(1). [Cr2.sup.null] mice [...]
- Published
- 1998
44. European Banking Authority Announces 10-Point Action Plan On Cum-Ex/Cum-Cum
- Author
-
Fischer, Michael R.
- Subjects
Banking industry -- Laws, regulations and rules ,Government regulation ,Banking industry ,Business, international ,European Union -- Economic policy - Abstract
In Short: Since the Cum-Ex Files were released in 2018, the European Banking Authority ('EBA') has been conducting research, through surveys sent to competent authorities, about the risks posed by [...]
- Published
- 2020
45. The human rights implications of a 'cultural defense.'
- Author
-
Fischer, Michael
- Subjects
Emigration and immigration law -- Interpretation and construction ,Culture and law -- Analysis ,Defense (Criminal procedure) -- Social aspects - Published
- 1998
46. Female recidivists speak about their experience in drug court while engaging in appreciative inquiry
- Author
-
Fischer, Michael, Geiger, Brenda, and Hughes, Mary Ellen
- Subjects
Recidivists -- Social aspects ,Recidivists -- Forecasts and trends ,Women criminals -- Social aspects ,Women criminals -- Forecasts and trends ,Market trend/market analysis ,Health ,Law ,Psychology and mental health - Abstract
Female drug abuse offenders participating in appreciative inquiry stated that, dedicated staff, acquiring specific skill or jobs, custody of children, increased their self-confidence in leading a drug free life.
- Published
- 2007
47. Nononcologic use of human recombinant erythropoietin therapy in hospitalized patients
- Author
-
Fischer, Michael A., Morris, Charles A., Winkelmayer, Wolfgang C., and Avorn, Jerry
- Subjects
Erythropoietin, Recombinant -- Dosage and administration ,Erythropoietin, Recombinant -- Research ,Hospital patients -- Drug therapy ,Anemia -- Care and treatment ,Health - Published
- 2007
48. All the world's a courtroom: judging in the new millennium.
- Author
-
Abrahamson, Shirley S. and Fischer, Michael J.
- Subjects
Judicial process -- Forecasts and trends ,Reasonable man doctrine -- Psychological aspects ,Gould v. American Family Mutual Insurance Co. (543 N.W.2d 282 (Wis. 1996)) ,Wisconsin. Supreme Court -- Practice - Published
- 1997
49. Rouch in Reverse
- Author
-
Fischer, Michael M.J.
- Subjects
Rouch in Reverse (Motion picture) -- Movie reviews ,Motion pictures -- Movie reviews ,Anthropology/archeology/folklore - Published
- 1997
50. Topical calcineurin inhibitors for atopic dermatitis: balancing clinical benefit and possible risks
- Author
-
Qureshi, Abrar A. and Fischer, Michael A.
- Subjects
Atopic dermatitis -- Drug therapy ,Calcineurin -- Health aspects ,Calcineurin -- Research ,Health - Published
- 2006
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