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This study assessed the safety and feasibility of 24-hour hospitalization after thyroid surgery. A randomized controlled trial study was performed for 432 patients scheduled for thyroidectomy in Guangdong General Hospital between January 2014 and January 2016. Group A cases (n = 216) were 24-hour hospital stay and group B cases (n = 216) were inpatient. Preoperative patient characteristics and operative characteristics as well surgical complications were evaluated. Two hundred and fourteen patients (99%) of group A were discharged after a 24-hour postoperative observation except 1 patient hospitalized 2 days for persistent nausea after surgery, and 1 patient who was hospitalized for 2 days for fear of the complication after the operation. The complication rates were similar between the 2 groups (9/216, 11/216; P > 0.05) and no one was readmitted for operation. The overall complication rate of 24-hour hospital stay procedure was low, and there were no differences in the rate of complications between these 2 groups. Thyroid surgery with 24-hour hospital stay is feasible and safe by experienced surgeon in a setting of appropriate facility and management protocol. Key words: complications, day surgery, thyroidectomy. Cette etude portait sur l'innocuite et la faisabilite de l'hospitalisation de 24 heures apres une intervention chirurgicale sur la thyroide. Nous avons mene un essai controle avec repartition aleatoire aupres de 432 patients devant subir une thyroidectomie a l'Hopital general de Canton entre janvier 2014 et janvier 2016. Au total, 216 patients du groupe A ont effectue un sejour a l'hopital de 24 heures et 216 patients du groupe B ont ete hospitalises. Nous avons evalue les caracteristiques preoperatoires et operatoires des patients, ainsi que les complications chirurgicales. Au total, 214 patients du groupe A (99 %) ont recu leur conge apres une periode d'observation postoperatoire de 24 heures, a l'exception d'un (1) patient, qui a ete hospitalise pendant deux jours en raison de nausees persistantes apres l'intervention chirurgicale, ainsi que d'un (1) patient hospitalise pendant deux (2) jours par crainte de complications apres l'intervention chirurgicale. Les taux de complications etaient semblables dans les deux (2) groupes (9/216, 11/216, P > 0,05) et personne n'a ete admis de nouveau pour etre opere. Pour le sejour de 24 heures a l'hopital, le taux de l'ensemble des complications etait peu eleve, et nous n'avons note aucune difference entre ces deux groupes quant a la frequence des complications. La chirurgie de la thyroide avec un sejour a l'hopital de 24 heures est faisable et securitaire entre les mains d'un chirurgien experimente dans un contexte d'installations et de protocole de prise en charge appropries. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : complications, chirurgie d'un jour, thyroidectomie., Introduction Hemithyroidectomy is a common operation with a low complication rate. In China, a series of day surgery of thyroidectomy was not being reported; the current practice for thyroidectomy patient's [...]