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Influenza A virus (IAV) is a negative, single-stranded RNA virus. Viral evolution has enabled some IAVs to cross species barriers and to be established in humans and various mammals (1). [...]

Operational agencies face significant challenges related to the verification and evaluation of weather forecasts. These challenges were investigated in a series of online workshops and polls engaging operational personnel from six countries. Five key themes emerged: inadequate verification approaches for both existing and emerging products; incomplete and uncertain observations; difficulties in accurately capturing users' real-world experiences using simplified metrics; poor communication and understanding of forecasts and complex verification information; and institutional factors such as limited resources, evolving meteorologist roles, and concerns over reputational damage. We identify nearly 50 operationally relevant scientific questions and suggest calls to action. Addressing these needs includes designing forecast systems with verification as a central consideration, enhancing the availability of observations, and developing and adopting community software systems. Additionally, we propose the establishment of an international community comprising environmental and social science researchers, statisticians, verification practitioners, and users to provide sustained support for this collective endeavor. KEYWORDS: Uncertainty; Forecast verification/skill; Numerical weather prediction/ forecasting; Operational forecasting; Communications/ decision-making, 1. Introduction Weather prediction (Fig. 1) is a continuously evolving enterprise. The rapid expansion of various types of data (including satellite and other kinds), coupled with increasing computer capabilities, advances [...]

IN DECEMBER 1924, Edna Cummins, a White, divorced, single mother and former Klanswoman Living in Yamhill County, won a civil suit for defamation of character against members of Newberg, Oregon's, [...]

Background and aim Gastric adenocarcinoma and proximal polyposis of the stomach (GAPPS) is an autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by fundic gland polyps (FGP) as well as an increased risk of gastric cancer. The syndrome has been recognized as a clinical entity for less than a decade. A clinical suspicion may be complex and can vary from incidental findings of FGPs at gastroscopy to obstructive symptoms with dyspepsia and vomiting. The diagnosis is established by genetic detection of a pathogenic variant in the promotor 1B region of the APC gene. As of yet there are no established clinical criteria for the diagnosis. To increase knowledge of the condition and to discuss possible genetic testing and surveillance strategies, we performed a systematic review of all reported patients with GAPPS. Methods This review was organized according to PRISMA guidelines. The search, which was conducted on September 7th, 2023, was applied to MEDLINE and restricted to only humans and papers in the English language. Only the studies on patients/families with GAPPS verified by identification of a pathogenic variant in the APC promoter 1B were included. Results Twelve publications with a total of 113 patients were identified. In all instances the diagnosis was genetically verified with reports of four different variants within the APC promotor 1B region. Eighty-eight patients (90.1%) had gastric polyps, of these seven patients had low-grade dysplasia and five patients had both low- and high-grade dysplasia. Thirty-seven patients (45.7%) underwent gastrectomy. There were no reports of duodenal polyps (0%). Gastric cancer was found in 31 patients (30.1%) with a median age of 48 years (range 19-75). Twenty-six patients died (23.2%) of which 19 had developed gastric cancer (73.1%). One patient was diagnosed with metastatic colorectal cancer (2.2%) and died at 73 years of age. Nineteen patients had colorectal manifestations with < 20 polyps (41.3%). Conclusion Patients with a pathogenic variant in the APC promoter 1B region have an increased risk of gastric polyposis and early-onset gastric cancer. However, there is considerable variation in clinical expression and penetrance, which makes decisions on surveillance and the timing of prophylactic gastrectomy challenging. Keywords: Systematic review, Gastric adenocarcinoma and proximal polyposis of the stomach, Gapps, APC, Promotor region, Gastric polyps, Author(s): PA Skat-Rardam[sup.1] , Y Kaya[sup.2] , N Qvist[sup.2,3] , TvO Hansen[sup.1,4] , TD Jensen[sup.5] , JG Karstensen[sup.4,6] and AM Jelsig[sup.1] Background Gastric fundic gland polyps (FGP) are most often [...]

Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) were provided access to sea urchin (Lytechinus variegatus) egesta to investigate whether fresh egesta (containing an active microbiome) consumed alone or in combination with a commercial shrimp feed could influence growth, feed conversion, body composition, and survival of L. vannamei in co-culture. In an initial experiment conducted for 8 wk, shrimp were proffered a full or reduced ration (100%, 60%, and 20%) of commercial shrimp feed with or without access to sea urchin egesta serving as a source of supplemental nutrients and presumptive probiotics. Individual weight gain of shrimp provided sea urchin egesta only (10.37 [+ or -] 0.35 g) did not differ significantly from that of shrimp proffered a full ration of feed (9.46 [+ or -] 0.39 g) despite significant compositional differences. Consumption of sea urchin egesta combined with commercial shrimp feed resulted in significantly greater weight gain of shrimp when compared with shrimp proffered the same level of commercial shrimp feed only. The largest weight gains of shrimp were found for those groups fed rations of 60% and 100% and had access to egesta (14.09 [+ or -] 0.75 g and 14.72 [+ or -] 0.68 g, respectively). In the next experiment, shrimp were stocked at different densities (approximately 23, 45, 68, and 90 individuals [m.sup.-2]) and were not proffered feed directly. All replicates were provided access to fresh sea urchin egesta produced by four urchins that were fed at a daily rate of 3% of the total initial group weight (140.4 [+ or -] 0.7 g) for 8 wk. The largest individual weight gain was found in the lowest density treatment (6.55 [+ or -] 0.38 g). Harvested biomass significantly increased as density increased, except for the highest density treatment. These results indicate that sea urchin egesta may provide some growth enhancement factor(s) to shrimp when proffered in conjunction with a commercial diet, and at a certain density of shrimp sea urchin egesta may actually serve as a nutritionally complete diet. KEY WORDS: Lytechinus variegatus, Litopenaeus vannamei, co-culture, egesta, integrated aquaculture, sea urchin, shrimp, INTRODUCTION A previous study (Jensen et al. 2018) suggested that fresh egesta (fecal pellets) produced by sea urchins (Lytechinus variegatus) served as a sufficient source of nutrition for cocultured Litopenaeus [...]

When deriving drained strength parameters for sandy soils, geotechnical engineers need to be cautious while applying the semi-empirical correlations that are mainly developed from the highly idealised uniform clean silica sands as often used in academia. Many studies have shown that changing fines content changes the f mechanical behaviour of sand, and that grading curve and particle angularity affect the strength-dilatancy characteristics. However, when various parameters of sands encountered in nature differ from the commercially sourced silica sands, the counteracting effects are difficult to quantify. In this study, a database of classification tests and Consolidated Isotropic Drained axisymmetric strength tests as well as some accompanying cone penetration tests (CPTs) are collected for siliceous sands from the North Sea. From this extensive database of natural sands, simple expressions are developed to help predicting drained strength parameters with improved reliability. Furthermore, a correction factor, for a commonly applied CPT friction angle [q.sub.c] - [[phi]'.sub.p,tx] correlation accounting for the grading curve, is developed. These expressions can help in reducing the number of costly advanced strength tests and to gain more information from a soil investigation. Key words: sands, site investigation, offshore, CPT, triaxial test, grading curve, 1. Introduction For various geotechnical applications, soils tend to be treated as either clay or 'clean' sand. However, the semi-empirical correlations developed to derive sand strength parameters are mostly developed [...]

The community college and English studies in twoyear colleges find themselves in a tough position in our culture and current political climate. As with K-12 public schools, funding for community [...]

Letters from the Southern Home Front: The American South Responds to the Vietnam War. Edited by Joseph A. Fry. (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2023. Pp. xiv, 306. Paper, [...]

In October 2010, a United Nations peacekeeping mission to Haiti following a highly destructive earthquake inadvertently introduced cholera (1,2), leading to [approximately equal to] 820,000 cases and [approximately equal to] [...]

Many retailers invest in artificial intelligence (AI) to improve operational efficiency or enhance customer experience. However, AI often disrupts employees' ways of working causing them to resist change, thus threatening the successful embedding and sustained usage of the technology. Using a longitudinal, multi-site ethnographic approach combining 74 stakeholder interviews and 14 on-site retail observations over a 5-year period, this article examines how employees' practices change when retailers invest in AI. Practice co-evolution is identified as the process that undergirds successful AI integration and enables retail employees' sustained usage of AI. Unlike product or practice diffusion, which may be organic or fortuitous, practice co-evolution is an orchestrated, collaborative process in which a practice is co-envisioned, co-adapted, and co-(re)aligned. To be sustained, practice co-evolution must be recursive and enabled via intentional knowledge transfers. This empirically-derived recursive phasic model provides a roadmap for successful retail AI embedding, and fruitful future research avenues., Author(s): Francesca Bonetti [sup.1] , Matteo Montecchi [sup.2] , Kirk Plangger [sup.2] , Hope Jensen Schau [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.20364.33, 0000 0000 8517 0017, Fashion Business Research Centre, Fashion [...]

Much of K-12 teaching privileges White, upper-middle-class ways of being, thinking, feeling, and interacting. Integrating arguments from moral philosophy and empirical work on teaching and teacher learning, we (a) conceptualize transformative practice, including its moral rewards; (b) frame teacher dispositional virtues that modify their practice; and (c) identify roles that teacher education and K-12 schools play to support teachers by developing virtue and providing structural conditions for accessing the moral rewards of transformative teaching. We illustrate these points with a scenario of teachers working together to plan, enact, examine, and revise their practice to transform it and conclude with suggestions for teacher education programs and K-12 institutions., Introduction Teaching that transforms learning opportunities for students from marginalized communities is more than technical or ideological work. It is moral work in that it requires the exercise of dispositional [...]

I. INTRODUCTION 76 II. TALIBANISM: CUSTOM, RELIGION, AND PURE FIAT 76 III. PERFORMANCE OF THE TALIBAN: SUCCESSES, CHALLENGES, AND FAILURES 78 A. Assessing the Performance of the "State" 78 B. [...], After almost two years since the Taliban&apos;s return to power in Afghanistan, the international community is coming to terms with the nature of the new regime in Kabul. This Article explores the nature of Taliban 2.0, assessing evidence of both change and disturbing continuity in the new leadership of Afghanistan. Importantly, Taliban 2.0 has demonstrated persistent inflexibility in its imposition of a puritanical form of Islamic rule, exemplified by its treatment of the rights of women and girls. This inflexibility is in direct conflict with its goal of becoming a formally recognized member of the international community. Its lack of international recognition hampers the Taliban&apos;s ability to stabilize the Afghan economy and provide even minimal levels of public goods to its people. Yet, in light of this growing humanitarian crisis, the United States and its allies face a delicate balancing act: decreasing the suffering of the Afghan people while maintaining pressure on the Taliban regime. This Article argues that the United States should consider using a mix of carrots and sticks to achieve this delicate balance and test the ultimate flexibility, cohesion, and staying power of Taliban 2.0.

With rapid global change in the Anthropocene, it is important to understand and predict changes in species distributions that could potentially impact entire ecosystems. Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) distribution has been expanding and, as an obligate scavenger, its presence can have an impact on the ecosystems it inhabits. Here we investigated the relative impact of human population density and climate (temperature and precipitation) on Turkey Vulture presence. We used eBird community science data from 2010-2020 to create a species distribution model for Turkey Vultures across their entire range using a Random Forests algorithm. We then projected this distribution for the year 2070 to estimate any changes. Our model predicted an expansion in Turkey Vulture distribution during the breeding season of May-August. This suggests that areas of both North and South America where only seasonal, migratory Turkey Vultures currently exist can expect resident populations of Turkey Vultures in the future. Mild temperature was an important variable for presence during the nonbreeding season, whereas low human density was more important for predicting presence during the breeding season. The distribution of Turkey Vultures is widest during the breeding season, meaning that factors influencing the breeding range could be considered more important when considering range expansion. As such, our findings suggest that warmer boreal winters coupled with the potential presence of domestic carcasses in agricultural areas (i.e., low human density) are facilitating Turkey Vulture range expansion. This expansion has important implications for the scavenging community in northern latitudes where increased Turkey Vulture presence might impact other species relying on carrion. Key words: climate, global change, human density, random forests, range expansion, scavenger. Con el rápido cambio global en el Antropoceno, es importante entender y predecir cambios en distribución de especies que podrían potencialmente tener un impacto en ecosistemas completos. La distribución del zopilote de cabeza roja (Cathartes aura) se ha ido expandiendo y, como carroñero obligado, su presencia puede tener un impacto en los ecosistemas que habita. Aqui investigamos el impacto relativo de la densidad de población humana y del clima (temperatura y precipitación) en la presencia del zopilote de cabeza roja. Utilizamos datos de ciencia ciudadana de eBird del 2010-2020 para crear modelos de distribución de especies de los zopilotes de cabeza roja en su rango completo usando un algoritmo de Random Forests. Luego proyectamos su distribución para el año 2070 para estimar cambios posibles. Nuestro modelo predijo una expansión en la distribución del zopilote de cabeza roja durante la temporada reproductiva de mayo-agosto. Esto sugiere que áreas tanto de Norte como Sudamérica donde los zopilotes de cabeza roja eran solo estacionales migratorios podrían esperar tener poblaciones residentes de este zopilote en el futuro. La variable temperatura templada fue importante para la presencia durante la temporada no-reproductiva, mientras que la baja densidad humana fue un predictor más importante durante la temporada reproductiva. La distribución de los zopilotes de cabeza roja es más amplia durante la temporada reproductiva, lo que significa que los factores que influyen en el rango reproductivo podrían ser considerados más importantes al considerar la expansión de rango. Asi, nuestros hallazgos sugieren que inviernos boreales más cálidos junto con la presencia potencial de restos de animales domésticos en áreas agrícolas (es decir, de baja densidad humana) facilitan el rango de expansión del zopilote de cabeza roja. Esta expansión tiene implicaciones importantes para la comunidad de carroñeros en latitudes norteñas donde la presencia en aumento del zopilote de cabeza roja puede tener un impacto en otras especies dependientes de la carroña. Palabras clave: cambio global, carroñero, clima, densidad humana, expansión de rango., Vultures are declining on a global scale, with 62% of species showing declining populations and 57% threatened with extinction (IUCN 2020). In contrast to vulture populations in Africa and Asia, [...]

Despite decreased susceptibility, darker skin individuals who develop melanoma have worse survival. This disparity in melanoma mortality is the largest for any cancer, and partly driven by a lack of patient education materials targeted to darker skin populations in whom acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is the most common subtype. To address this communication disparity, the current study reports a multi-phase design process that leverages crowdsourcing and message testing to develop ALM-focused patient education materials for darker skin populations. Crowdsourced design was utilized to develop a pool of designs (phase 1), the pool was narrowed and thematically analyzed (phase 2), and select designs were evaluated via a message experiment (N = 1877). For darker skin populations, designs that depicted people enhanced knowledge of ALM through message memorability. The current study engages melanoma disparities by providing ALM patient education materials for darker skin populations vetted via a multi-phase process., Author(s): Sean J. Upshaw [sup.1] , Jakob D. Jensen [sup.2] , Elizabeth A. Giorgi [sup.2] , Manusheela Pokharel [sup.3] , Helen M. Lillie [sup.7] , Dallin R. Adams [sup.2] , [...]

ALL MY PRECIOUS MADNESS MARK BOWLES 276pp. Galley Beggar. Paperback, 10.99 [pounds sterling]. LESSER RUINS MARK HABER 296pp. Coffee House Press. Paperback, 15 [pounds sterling]. For a century now, in [...]