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5 results on '"Kvalsvig, Jane D."'

1. Mental Health Disorders Among Caregivers of Preschool Children in the Asenze Study in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Author

Chhagan, Meera K., Mellins, Claude A., Kauchali, Shuaib, Craib, Murray H., Taylor, Myra, Kvalsvig, Jane D., and Davidson, Leslie L.

Subjects
Mental disorders -- Risk factors -- Research, Caregivers -- Research -- Psychological aspects, Preschool children -- Health aspects -- Research, Health care industry
Abstract

Given the existing evidence linking parental depression with infant and early child development, our aim was to describe the burden of mental health disorders among caregivers of young children aged 4-6 years living in an environment of poverty and high HIV seroprevalence. We analyzed baseline data from an epidemiologic study of the health and psychosocial needs of preschool-aged children. Primary caregivers of index children recruited from a household survey were screened for common mental disorders using the Client Diagnostic Questionnaire (CDQ). Sociodemographic, HIV and general health surveys were also conducted. Many caregivers (449/1,434; 31.3 %) screened positive for at least one psychiatric disorder on the CDQ, with post-traumatic-stress-disorder being the most common. Caregivers who screened positive for any disorder were more likely to be older, to have no individual sources of income and to have less formal education. Presence of a disorder was also significantly associated with lower employment levels within the household and death of a young child within the household. Known HIV-infected caregivers were more likely to have any mood disorder than caregivers who previously tested negative. The data support the need for mental health treatment interventions in South Africa, particularly interventions directed at PTSD and depression, and that take into account the high burden of poverty, HIV and childhood mortality. Given the limited formal mental health structure in South Africa to address these highly prevalent disorders; community-based mental health supports, available through decentralized health systems many be critical to delivering accessible interventions., Author(s): Meera K. Chhagan [sup.1] , Claude A. Mellins [sup.2] , Shuaib Kauchali [sup.1] , Murray H. Craib [sup.1] , Myra Taylor [sup.3] , Jane D. Kvalsvig [sup.3] , Leslie [...]

Published
2014
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2. Mental health disorders among caregivers of preschool children in the Asenze study in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Author

Chhagan, Meera K., Mellins, Claude A., Kauchali, Shuaib, Craib, Murray H., Taylor, Myra, Kvalsvig, Jane D., and Davidson, Leslie L.

Subjects
Infants -- Patient outcomes, Post-traumatic stress disorder -- Research -- Risk factors -- Patient outcomes, Substance abuse -- Research, Health care industry
Abstract

Given the existing evidence linking parental depression with infant and early child development, our aim was to describe the burden of mental health disorders among caregivers of young children aged 4-6 years living in an environment of poverty and high HIV seroprevalence. We analyzed baseline data from an epidemiologic study of the health and psychosocial needs of preschool-aged children. Primary caregivers of index children recruited from a household survey were screened for common mental disorders using the Client Diagnostic Questionnaire (CDQ). Sociodemographic, HIV and general health surveys were also conducted. Many caregivers (449/1,434; 31.3 %) screened positive for at least one psychiatric disorder on the CDQ, with post-traumatic-stress-disorder being the most common. Caregivers who screened positive for any disorder were more likely to be older, to have no individual sources of income and to have less formal education. Presence of a disorder was also significantly associated with lower employment levels within the household and death of a young child within the household. Known HIV-infected caregivers were more likely to have any mood disorder than caregivers who previously tested negative. The data support the need for mental health treatment interventions in South Africa, particularly interventions directed at PTSD and depression, and that take into account the high burden of poverty, HIV and childhood mortality. Given the limited formal mental health structure in South Africa to address these highly prevalent disorders; community-based mental health supports, available through decentralized health systems many be critical to delivering accessible interventions. Keywords Caregivers * Mental health * Depression * Post-traumatic-stress-disorder * HIV, Background Mental health and substance use disorders place a high burden on population health globally, with low income countries reporting highest burdens [1-3]. Globally, neuropsychiatric conditions account for more than [...]

Published
2014
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3. Effect of a fortified maize-meal porridge on anemia, micronutrient status, and motor development of infants

Author

Faber, Mieke, Kvalsvig, Jane D., Lombard, Carl J., and Benade, A.J. Spinnler

Subjects
Porridge -- Nutritional aspects, Anemia -- Care and treatment, Infants -- Food and nutrition, Enriched foods -- Research, Food/cooking/nutrition, Health
Abstract

Background: Maize-meal porridge is used for infant feeding in many African countries, including South Africa. A low-cost, finely milled, maize-meal porridge was fortified with [beta]-carotene, iron, and zinc (100% of recommended dietary allowance), as well as ascorbic acid, copper, selenium, riboflavin, vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, and vitamin E. Objective: We assessed whether the fortified porridge could reduce anemia and improve the micronutrient status and motor development of infants. Design: Infants aged 6-12 mo (n = 361) were randomly assigned to receive either the fortified or unfortified porridge for 6 mo. Primary outcomes were hemoglobin and serum retinol, zinc, and ferritin concentrations and motor development. Growth was assessed as a secondary outcome. Primary and secondary outcomes were assessed at baseline and 6 mo. Results: Two hundred ninety-two infants completed the study. The fortified-porridge group had an intervention effect of 9.4 [micro]g/L (95 % CI: 3.6, 15.1 [micro]g/L) for serum ferritin and 9 g/L (95% CI: 6, 12 g/L) for hemoglobin concentrations. The proportion of infants with anemia decreased from 45% to 17% in the fortified-porridge group, whereas it remained >40% in the control group. The fortified-porridge group achieved on average 15.5 of the 25 motor development score items, whereas the control group achieved 14.4 items (P = 0.007). Serum retinol concentration showed an inconsistent effect, and no intervention effect was observed for serum zinc concentrations. Conclusions: This low-cost fortified porridge can potentially have a significant effect in reducing anemia and improving iron status and motor development of infants in poor settings. The formulation needs some adjustment in terms of zinc fortification. KEY WORDS Fortified porridge, infants, micronutrients, anemia, motor development

Published
2005

4. Effects of iron supplementation and anthelmintic treatment on motor and language development of preschool children in Zanzibar: double blind, placebo controlled study. (Papers)

Author

Stoltzfus, Rebecca J., Kvalsvig, Jane D., Chwaya, Hababu M., Montresor, Antonio, Albonico, Marco, Tielsch, James M., Savioli, Lorenzo, and Pollitt, Ernesto

Subjects
Zanzibar -- Health aspects, Iron in the body -- Physiological aspects -- Health aspects, Anemia in children -- Physiological aspects -- Health aspects, Helminths -- Physiological aspects -- Health aspects, Worms, Intestinal and parasitic -- Physiological aspects -- Health aspects, Health, Physiological aspects, Health aspects
Abstract

Abstract Objective To measure the effects of iron supplementation and anthelmintic treatment on iron status, anaemia, growth, morbidity, and development of children aged 6-59 months. Design Double blind, placebo controlled [...]

Published
2001

5. Effect of iron-, iodine-, and [Beta]-carotene-fortified biscuits on the micronutrient status of primary school children: a randomized controlled trial

Author

van Stuijvenberg, M Elizabeth, Kvalsvig, Jane D, Faber, Mieke, Kruger, Marita, Kenoyer, Diane G, and Benade, AJ Spinnler

Subjects
Trace elements in nutrition -- Health aspects, Enriched foods -- Health aspects, Elementary school students -- Food and nutrition, Food/cooking/nutrition, Health
Abstract

Background: Deficiencies of iron, iodine, and vitamin A are prevalent worldwide and can affect the mental development and learning ability of schoolchildren. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of micronutrient-fortified biscuits on the micronutrient status of primary school children. Design: Micronutrient status was assessed in 115 children aged 6-11 y before and after consumption of biscuits (fortified with iron, iodine, and [Beta]-carotene) for 43 wk over a 12-mo period and was compared with that in a control group (n = 113) who consumed nonfortified biscuits. Cognitive function, growth, and morbidity were assessed as secondary outcomes. Results: There was a significant between-group treatment effect on serum retinol, serum ferritin, serum iron, transferrin saturation, and urinary iodine (P [is less than] 0.0001) and in hemoglobin and hematocrit (P [is less than] 0.05). The prevalence of low serum retinol concentrations ([is less than] 0.70 [micro] mol/L) decreased from 39.1% to 12.2%, of low serum ferritin concentrations ([is less than] 20 [micro]g/L) from 27.8% to 13.9%, of anemia (hemoglobin [is less than] 120 g/L) from 29.6% to 15.6%, and of low urinary iodine concentrations ([is less than] 100 [micro] g/L) from 97.5% to 5.4%. There was a significant between-group treatment effect (P [is less than] 0.05) in cognitive function with the digit span forward task (short-term memory). Fewer school days were missed in the intervention than in the control group because of respiratory (P = 0.097) and diarrhea-related (P = 0.013) illnesses. The intervention had no effect on morbidity and cognitive function. Conclusions: Fortified biscuits resulted in a significant improvement in the micronutrient status of primary school children from a poor rural community and also appeared to have a favorable effect on anthropometric status. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;69:497-503. KEY WORDS Vitamin A, [Beta]-carotene, iron, iodine, fortification, school feeding program, micronutrient deficiencies, intervention, cognitive function, morbidity, primary school children

Published
1999

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