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3 results on '"LeSouef, Peter N."'

1. The influence of a family history of asthma and parental smoking on airway responsiveness in early infancy

Author

Young, Sally, LeSouef, Peter N., Geelhoed, Gary C., Stick, Stephen M., Turner, Kevin J., and Landau, Louis I.

Subjects
Asthma in children -- Genetic aspects, Asthmatics -- Family, Smoking -- Physiological aspects, Asthma in children -- Causes of
Abstract

Asthma is usually thought to be caused by the interaction of hereditary and environmental influences, but the contribution of each is unknown. It is known that airway responsiveness (reaction of the breathing passages), indicating asthma, is present during the first year of life, but it is not known when it first develops. A second question is whether infants respond identically at birth, or if a difference is already present. Recently it has become possible to measure respiratory function in infants, providing objective measurements of the presence of asthma. Sixty-three infants between the ages of two and 10 weeks were studied. Airway responsiveness to inhaled histamine (a compound found in cells that is released by allergic or inflammatory reactions) was present in all but five of the infants, suggesting that the reaction may be present from birth. A family history of asthma was associated with an increased level of airway responsiveness, suggesting a genetic link. Airway responsiveness was also greater among infants whose parents reported smoking during pregnancy, although this study could not distinguish between effects before and after birth. On the other hand, it was found that immunoglobulin E (IgE) level did not predict airway responsiveness, although other studies have indicated otherwise. The conclusion is that responsiveness is present from birth, and is both inherited and environmental, caused in some cases by exposure to parental smoking. Whether or not airway responsiveness among infants predicts later levels of responsiveness, respiratory problems, or allergies is not clear. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Published
1991

2. Salbutamol delivery from a hydrofluoroalkane pressurized metered-dose inhaler in pediatric ventilator circuits: an in vitro study

Author

Wildhaber, Johannes H., Hayden, Mark J., Dore, Nigel D., Devadason, Sunalene G., and LeSouef, Peter N.

Subjects
Asthma in children -- Drug therapy -- Equipment and supplies -- Methods -- Health aspects, Albuterol -- Health aspects -- Equipment and supplies -- Methods, Respiratory therapy -- Equipment and supplies, Ventilators -- Methods -- Equipment and supplies -- Health aspects, Health, Drug therapy, Methods, Equipment and supplies, Health aspects
Abstract

Study objectives: The aim of our study was to determine the in vitro delivery of salbutamol from a pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) containing hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) propellant through various delivery devices [...]

Published
1998

3. Oximetry and peak expiratory flow in assessment of acute childhood asthma

Author

Geelhoed, Gary C., Landau, Louis I., and LeSouef, Peter N.

Subjects
Pulmonary function tests, Transcutaneous blood gas monitoring, Asthma in children -- Evaluation, Health
Abstract

Two methods of evaluating children with acute asthma are compared: determination of peak expiratory flow (PEF, the maximal rate at which air can be forced out of the lungs) versus the extent to which blood hemoglobin (to which oxygen is bound) is saturated with oxygen (SaO2, measured by a small, noninvasive finger probe). One hundred ten children (average age, nine) served as subjects; all were under regular or episodic treatment for asthma. Their PEF and SaO2 were determined in the emergency department, and then the patients underwent clinical examination. Follow-up telephone calls were placed to the children's parents 10 days later to learn more concerning the course of the acute episode. Seventy-nine children were released from the emergency ward, while 31 remained as inpatients. Children who were admitted had lower PEF and SaO2 values (less peak flow and oxygen saturation, respectively) than those who went home, and children who went home with additional asthma medication had lower values than those who went home without a new prescription. However, PEF did not differ between children who went home and stayed there, and children who had to return to the hospital, while SaO2 values did discriminate between these two groups. A low SaO2 level was a better predictor of outcome than a low PEF. The SaO2 test is easy to perform on young patients who may be uncooperative or too ill to participate in determining PEF. It may also reflect the pathological changes that occur in asthma, which are briefly discussed. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Published
1990

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