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Research on hailstones from hailstorms between 1955 and 1993 shows a significant increase in stone sizes greater than four inches. The increase is attributed to climate changes, and the implications for further environmental research are discussed.

The Convention for the Protection of World Heritage in 1972 established environmental programs to protect and preserve cultural and natural heritage. It is the world's first initiative that considers sites of geological interest as natural areas that must be preserved. Spain as a country with the oldest mining tradition. Many of the historical mines have been transformed into open-air museums.

The importance of geomarkers and biomarkers in paleoenvironmental and astrobiological study are discussed. Geomarkers and biomarkers are defined and they have contributed to the understanding of ancient environments and their associated life along with the astrobiological recognition and exploration of new potential extinct or extant extraterrestrial ecosystems.

The falling of huge megacryometeors is observed in many historical events and the study of the rate of these earthfall events indicates that mainly after 1950, the number of hits that occur over practically the whole planet spectacularly increased. The use of an interdisciplinary approach is possible to learn the real cause of megacryometeors and the reasons for the apparent multiplication of these objects.

An overview is presented on the fossil and natural monument preservation program in Spain's Anaga Park, on Tenerife Island, the largest and highest island of the Canary Archipelago. The park includes a wide variety of geomorphological formations, mineralized and intrusive outcrops, living fossils such as big ferns, and other features from eras as far back as the Tertiary and the Miocene.

The Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN, Spain) has a serious problem: around 67% of its total floor space (40,000 square meters) is taken up by the Technical School of [...]

An electron-microscope examination of fragments of paper in books produced during the Middle Ages and Renaissance indicated the presence of framboids or spherical clusters of submicrometer-sized, iron sulfide-based, pyrite crystals. This is because ink during those ages was made by mixing tannin and iron sulphate, and the environment inside the ancient books resulted in the reduction of iron sulphate in the ink.

The southwest Mediterranean coastline is seriously polluted with contaminants from the region's mining industry. Worryingly, an assessment of how toxic waste in Spain, Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco is affecting the environment has not yet been established although smaller, specific incidents of pollution have been considered. One of the most highly polluted areas in the region is Portman Bay in Spain. Immediate action should be taken to monitor the situation and halt the environmental damage.