1. A 1.3-THz balanced waveguide HEB mixer for the APEX telescope
- Author
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Meledin, Denis, Pavolotsky, Alexey, Desmaris, Vincent, Lapkin, Igor, Risacher, Christophe, Perez, Victor, Henke, Douglas, Nystrom, Olle, Sundin, Erik, Dochev, Dimitar, Pantaleev, Miroslav, Fredrixon, Mathias, Strandberg, Magnus, Voronov, Boris, Goltsman, Gregory, and Belitsky, Victor
- Subjects
Waveguides -- Design and construction ,Bolometers -- Usage ,Mixers (Electronics) -- Design and construction ,Radio astronomy -- Research ,Electric measurements -- Methods ,Business ,Computers ,Electronics ,Electronics and electrical industries - Abstract
In this paper, we report about the development, fabrication, and characterization of a balanced waveguide hot electron bolometer (HEB) receiver for the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment telescope covering the frequency band of 1.25-1.39 THz. The receiver uses a quadrature balanced scheme and two HEB mixers, fabricated from 4- to 5-nm-thick NbN film deposited on crystalline quartz substrate with an MgO buffer layer in between. We employed a novel micromachining method to produce all-metal waveguide parts at submicrometer accuracy (the main-mode waveguide dimensions are 90 x 180 [micro]m). We present details on the mixer design and measurement results, including receiver noise performance, stability and 'first-light' at the telescope site. The receiver yields a double-sideband noise temperature averaged over the RF band below 1200 K, and outstanding stability with a spectroscopic Allan time more than 200 s. Index Terms--Balanced waveguide mixer, hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixer, radio astronomy instrumentation, terahertz waveguide.
- Published
- 2009