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Unusual ZnO superstructures with ring-like nanosheets standing the backbone of spindles were synthesized from Zn5(OH)(sub 8)Cl2[.]H2O nanosheets by a mild solution route. The fast supersaturation for the formation of the ZnO phase can be achieved by using the precursor, which already has rich hydroxyl groups.

Direct and efficient fermentation of optically pure D-lactic acid from raw corn starch is achieved by constructing L-lactate dehydrogenase gene (ldhL1)-deficient Lactobacillus plantarum and has introduced a plasmid encoding Streptococcus bovis [alpha]-amylase (AmyA). Direct D-lactic acid fermentation from raw corn starch is accomplished in the absence of selective pressure by antibiotics by using this strain.

Several microcantilever-based techniques are employed to study the synthesis and properties of biomolecules, which are adsorbed on the cantilever surfaces. Different deformation behaviors of cantilevers are shown to be achieved by physisorption, which is shown to be highly dependent on the substrate material.

A system is established for displaying heterologous protein to the C terminus of the peptidoglycan-binding domain (cA domain) of a major autolysin from Lactococcus lactis (AcmA). The cell surface has shown heterologous protein on the C terminus of the cA domain by using AmyA as a model protein and an increase in binding capacity by using tandem repeats of the cA domain.

An attempt made to identify that well-crystallized ZnWO4 nanorods can direct the self-aggregation of the amorphous nanoparticulates and promote the crystallization is reported. Further, the transformation of the amorphous nanoparticles derived from a simple supersaturation precipitation reaction in a nanorods/amorphous nanoparticle coexisting system under either refluxing conditions or mild hydrothermal conditions are presented.