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Performance of resource sharing systems models can be estimated using graphical representation. This is proven in a study of a saturated type of resource sharing systems where the number of requests to be served by the system is consistently bounded by time. The system is represented as a connective graph with vertices which correspond to the number of requests. Likewise, the growth rate of the graph is presented as a function of its connected variables.

This paper presents a direct model-reference approach to the off-line design of linear controllers, suited to deal with plants described by a single set of open-loop I/O measurements only. The method is direct inasmuch as the controller parameters are directly estimated with no preliminary identification of any model to describe the plant. The design can be carried out off-line and, in the present formulation, leads to a nonadaptive controller. The basic idea is that of interpreting the open-loop I/O measurements of the plant as closed-loop data produced by a "virtual" reference signal that can be computed by backpropagating the measured output of the plant through the reference model; thus, the controller design reduces to a standard identification problem, in which the "output" signal to be matched is the measured input of the plant. Both a deterministic (noise-free) and a stochastic setting are considered. Index Terms--Direct control, model reference control, system identification.