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This paper extends our understanding of Malcolm X as both a critical theorist of geography and a radical political philosopher. Through an examination of speeches by Malcolm X, I outline [...]

On April 17, 1975, Phnom Penh, the capital of Cambodia, fell to the armed forces of the Communist Party of Kampuchea (CPK). Cambodia, however, was not primed for revolution. This is significant in that it contributed to specific post-conflict policies and programs initiated by the CPK, including the promotion of geographic education and the use of propaganda photographs. In this article we examine six photographs produced during the Khmer Rouge era. Our main thesis is that when viewing these photographs, we are witnessing the photographic production of a nationalist landscape. As geographers have argued, photographs are inauthentic from the standpoint of 'truthful' representations. However, the photographs produced by the CPK are authentic simulacra in their 'truthful' representation of how the CPK envisioned both the revolution and subsequent administration of Democratic Kampuchea. In so doing, our research is positioned within a longer tradition of cultural-political geography that has examined the use of landscape photographs as political instruments used in nation-building. Keywords: landscape photography, geographic education, nationalism, Democratic Kampuchea., On the surface, the photograph is a scene of everyday life (Figure 1). Two middle-aged women, seemingly deep in concentration, are weaving smok (baskets) made of bamboo. There is nothing [...]

Between 1975 and 1979, approximately two million people were killed in the Cambodian genocide. To date, considerable research has examined the legacies of this period of Cambodia's history, as well as the geographies of memorialization associated with genocidal violence. In this paper we both critique and expand current understandings. We do so, first, through a destabilization of the periodization of Cambodia's violent past and, second, through a re-theorization of violence itself. Specifically, we resituate the Cambodian genocide as part of a more systemic effort of post-conflict reconstruction. We argue that from the perspective of the Khmer Rouge, those policies and practices imposed post-1975 were forwarded in the context of state-building following five years of civil war (1970-1975). Consequently, a view of genocide as post-conflict reconstruction calls into question standard understandings of the genocide and especially the post-1979 memorialization of genocide. To accomplish our goals, we introduce a dialectical understanding of both potential and realized violence, and potential and realized memorialized landscapes. Keywords: violence, genocide, post-conflict, memorialization, landscapes, Cambodia., The Communist Party of Kampuchea (CPK--better known as the Khmer Rouge) is considered one of the most brutal and repressive regimes of the twentieth century. Between April 17, 1975, and [...]

To purchase or authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.2006.00501.x Byline: James A. Tyner (*) Keywords: Black Panther Party; scalar politics; territoriality Abstract: Founded in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale as a grassroots organization, the Black Panther Party achieved national and international prominence through their local activities and global ideas. By employing the concepts of spaces of dependency and spaces of engagement, I detail the spatial transformations associated with the evolving political thought of the Black Panther Party. I chart how the four 'moments' of the Black Panther Party's doctrine (black nationalism, revolutionary nationalism, revolutionary internationalism, and intercommunalism) are geographically contingent, and argue that these four moments demonstrate, both ideologically and materially, how space matters within the political thought of black radical intellectuals. Despite considerable work within geography in articulating alternative conceptions of race and racism, serious lacunae remain. The concepts associated with black separatism, black radical thought, and, crucially, the Black Power Movement have received minimal attention in the geographic literature. And yet fundamental geographic concepts, including territoriality and scalar politics, are key components of black separatism and black power. I argue that a case study of the Black Panther Party provides insights into the fundamental questions of social justice and public space. Author Affiliation: (*)Department of Geography, Kent State University Article History: Initial submission, February 2004; revised submission, May 2005; final acceptance, August 2005 Article note: Department of Geography, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, e-mail: jtyner@kent.edu.

Founded in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale as a grassroots organization, the Black Panther Party achieved national and international prominence through their local activities and global ideas. By employing the concepts of spaces of dependency and spaces of engagement, I detail the spatial transformations associated with the evolving political thought of the Black Panther Party. I chart how the four 'moments' of the Black Panther Party's doctrine (black nationalism, revolutionary nationalism, revolutionary internationalism, and intercommunalism) are geographically contingent, and argue that these four moments demonstrate, both ideologically and materially, how space matters within the political thought of black radical intellectuals. Despite considerable work within geography in articulating alternative conceptions of race and racism, serious lacunae remain. The concepts associated with black separatism, black radical thought, and, crucially, the Black Power Movement have received minimal attention in the geographic literature. And yet fundamental geographic concepts, including territoriality and scalar politics, are key components of black separatism and black power. I argue that a case study of the Black Panther Party provides insights into the fundamental questions of social justice and public space. Key Words: Black Panther Party, scalar politics, territoriality.

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to calculate the frontier production function and evaluate the performance of golfers on three professional golf tours in the United States. The method of study and the possible application of the results to non-golf situations are discussed.

The 'global city' concept has captured the attention of geographers and other social scientists. Research focuses predominantly on capital mobility and the important managerial role exerted by cities in the 'developed' realm (i.e., New York, London, Tokyo). The mobility of labor is also important and yet has been neither critically conceptualized nor sufficiently analyzed in existing studies of global cities. Using the Philippines as a case study, I examine 1) how global circuits of labor are socially organized, and 2) the extent to which this social organization is spatially concentrated in Manila. In so doing, I reaffirm the critical role played by Third World cities as global cities. Key Words: global city, labor, Manila, Philippines, migration.

International labor migration is produced and patterned through the activities of government and private institutions, such as labor recruiters and government officials. Recently, labor recruitment agencies have utilized the World Wide Web as a means of facilitating the procurement of foreign employment contracts. The purpose of this research is to examine the institutional usage of the Web as a means to facilitate the global flow of labor. Based on a qualitative assessment of 27 recruitment-related Web sites, I suggest that Web-based recruitment reinforces global patterns of gendered, racial, and occupational segregation. Moreover, Web-based recruitment offers the potential for revolutionizing patterns and processes of international lair migration. Key Words: international labor migration, World Wide Web, Asia.

To purchase or authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0033-0124.00124 Byline: James A. Tyner (1) Keywords: international labor migration; World Wide Web; Asia Abstract: International labor migration is produced and patterned through the activities of government and private institutions, such as labor recruiters and government officials. Recently, labor recruitment agencies have utilized the World Wide Web as a means of facilitating the procurement of foreign employment contracts. The purpose of this research is to examine the institutional usage of the Web as a means to facilitate the global flow of labor. Based on a qualitative assessment of 27 recruitment-related Web sites, I suggest that Web-based recruitment reinforces global patterns of gendered, racial, and occupational segregation. Moreover, Web-based recruitment offers the potential for revolutionizing patterns and processes of international labor migration. Author Affiliation: (1)Kent State University

This paper provides an institutional analysis of the use of gender as an organizing principle for labor migration flows. Through a case study of the marketing and recruitment strategies of Philippine government and private institutions, I examine how gendered representations contribute to divergent patterns of male and female labor migrants from the Philippines. Representations, or controlling images, are used by institutions to provide explanations or justification of a policy. Findings indicate that the global marketing of workers is organized around specific gendered assumptions of male versus female occupations. Recruitment strategies are also influenced by gendered representations of occupations, locations, and workers. The use of gender by government and private institutions as an organizing device provides a gendered context in which migrants and their households must subsequently operate. Key Words: international labor migration, gender, representations, the Philippines.

ABSTRACT. From 1898 to 1936, Philippine immigrants were routinely excluded from the United States, where incipient practices of eugenic 'science' and geopolitics were informing social policy. Concomitant with emergent theories [...]

By PAUL R. SPICKARD. xvi and 223 pp.; maps, diagrs., ills., bibliog., index. New York:Twayne Publishers, 1996. $33.00 (cloth), ISBN 0-8057- 841-1; $20.00 (paper), ISBN 0-8057-9242-2. Patterns and processes of [...]