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New scientific methods for water chemistry researches are discussed. The methods include the use of waste material to improve water quality, the use of chemical techniques to determine wild or farm-raised fish.

Decisions about water pollution control and management in river systems are increasingly based on predictions made with water quality models. Many uncertainties are associated with the development and calibration of such models and thus affect the model predictions. Therefore it often is necessary to perform a model reliability analysis prior to or as a supplement to model application to water pollution control and planning problems. In this paper, only the effect of parameter uncertainties on model prediction is investigated by applying sensitivity and uncertainty analyses. The Latin hypercube sampling technique in combination with regression and correlation analyses has been applied to the DUFLOW model developed for the Dender River in Belgium. These analyses aim to (1) identify the model parameters that significantly affect the model output uncertainty; (2) define the variables that should be measured for a successful model calibration; and (3) examine how model sensitivity changes with changing level of waste treatment. The results obtained indicate that three parameters related to the algal growth process have the greatest effect on the uncertainty of the simulated dissolved oxygen concentrations in the Dender River. CE Database subject headings: Sensitivity analysis; Water quality; Sampling; River systems; Belgium; Water pollution.

The rivers and lakes of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) are terribly polluted, and this pollution poses a barrier to economic development in the region. Water management institutions must be formed, and enforceable legislation enacted. Environmental regulation must not be delayed until after market-based reforms are accomplished, as much damage could be wrought in the interim.

A chemistry student reports on online information about the Earth Day theme, water. A number of water related issues like water purification, water cycle, water pressure, wastewater management and ground water quality are mentioned with appropriate references.

Water quality data management systems are being tested to their limits with automatic samplers and electronic sensors that take in an overload of data. The data overload is making data analysis more difficult. Data management systems must then include features that can be adapted to these problems. The US Geological Survey developed custom features to a database management program developed by Acius Inc, in Cupertino, CA.

The composite market design is a proposal for a transferable discharge permit system that specifically includes agricultural non-point source discharges and addresses both property rights and transactions cost problem. The estimation is performed by combining cost with modeled loss reductions from selected best management practices and then using this information to estimate the supply curve for abetment, which in turn can then be used to set permit prices.

The tidal reach of the Danshuei River system in Taiwan is studied by applying a time-dependent, two-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality model to ascertain the minimum inflow of water to enable survival of fish in the tidal waters. It is found that there is ample consistency between the proposed model predictions and site observations, which makes it an effective model.

A study is conducted to assess the impact of human activities and environmental factors on the fluctuation of chemical and physiochemical parameters along the river Pinios and its tributaries. It is observed that the parameters exhibit high spatial and temporal variability.

A survey estimated that the economic burden per gastrointestinal illness in Orange County, California amounts to $36.58, the burden per acute respiratory disease is $76.76, the burden per ear ailment is $37.86, and the burden per eye ailment is $27.31. A public health cost variable that could be applied in cost-benefit analyses when evaluating pollution abatement strategies is introduced.

EI Paso Water Utilities (EPWU) Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) system is used for injection of reclaimed wastewater into the Hueco Bolson aquifer as an example to address challenges and resolutions faced during the design and operation of an ASR system under a new ASR system definition. The ASR system has successfully recharged approximately 74.7 million cubic meters of reclaimed wastewater into the Hueco Bolson aquifer through 10 recharge wells in 18 years.

A study that links ArcIMS, a Web-based Geographic Information System (GIS) software to ROUT, a national and regional scale river model is presented which is designed to assess river water quality. The integration allows scientists and managers in different locations to coordinate and share their estimations for environmental exposure and risk assessments.

Surface water quality changes due to inputs like human waste, nutrients and chemicals and the government and international agencies play an important role in formulation of policies, to minimize diseases caused by the quality deterioration. The examples of Canadian aboriginal water systems, British Columbian water policy and US EPA policies, are given.

Databases provide centralized management for decentralized systems Increased reliance on individual and small community wastewater systems can place a burden on local and state authorities charged with protecting human health [...]