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Problem statement: The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease is increasing but the efficacy of treatment is still very limited due to various factors including the blood brain barrier. Recent findings demonstrated the crucial role of oxidative stress on the pathophysiology of disease. In addition the burden of blood brain barrier can be overcome by nasal administration and vesicle-carrier mediated delivery system. Based on the potent antioxidant effect of quercetin and the burden of blood brain barrier, we hypothesized that the nasal administration of quercetin liposomes could protect against neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Approach: This study was designed to evaluate the effect and possible action of nasal administration of quercetin liposomes on neurodegeneration in animal model of Alzheimer's disease. Male Wistar rats were pretreated with quercetin liposomes, containing 0.5 mg of quercetin in 20 [micro]L via intranasal route once daily continually for 2 weeks before and 1 week after AF64A administration. After the quercetin liposomes treatment, the density of neurons and cholinergic neurons in hippocampus were assessed using histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques whereas the activities of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) and Malondialdehide (MDA), a lipid peroxidation product, were determined using biochemical assays. Results: Quercetin liposomes attenuated the degeneration of neurons and cholinergic neurons in hippocampus. The elevation of SOD, CAT and GPx activities and the reduction of MDA in hippocampus were also observed. Therefore, the neuroprotective of quercetin liposomes occurred partly via the reduction of oxidative stress. Conclusion: Our studies suggested that nasal administration of quercetin liposomes may be the potential novel therapeutic strategy against Alzheimer's disease. However, further researches are still essential. Key words: Oxidative stress, Alzheimer's disease, quercetin liposomes, blood brain barrier, INTRODUCTION The global prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is dramatically increased. It has been estimated that approximate 25 million people worldwide were attacked by AD (Mayeux and Sano, 1999). Although, [...]

Recently, oxidative stress has been reported to contribute an important role in the decline of physical function as age advances. Numerous antioxidants can improve both physical and psychological performances resulting [...]

AIMS OF THIS STUDY: Centella asiatica has a reputation to restore decline cognitive function in traditional medicine and in animal model. However, little evidence regarding the efficacy of Centella asiatica [...]