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A model for implementing an effective total quality management (TQM) program is developed. The 3D model is based on the assumptions that effective TQM models can be applied at the individual, team and organizational levels. Implementation of the model at a manufacturing firm showed that the model reduced nonquality costs to 2% from 22%, lowered inventory costs by 11% and provided a four-fold increase in cost savings.

Most countries and business organizations compete using a broad marketing strategy, exploiting their particular strengths. A national quality improvement program was conducted by the government of Israel between 1993 and 1996, with the aim of persuading policy makers to follow a quality strategy. Presenting the cost of nonquality was seen as the best way of convincing policy makers. An annual assessment of the cost of nonquality was undertaken and projects were implemented to reduce the cost of nonquality.