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INTRODUCTION Food is a basic requirement for survival and a national strategic and security resource [1]. Relatedly, the human right to adequate food is one of the most fundamental human [...], The human right to adequate food is one of the most fundamental human rights crucial for the sustenance of the planet, and the prosperity of all people. It is firmly established in international human rights instruments and is clarified in the United Nations' General Comment 12 (GC 12). However, deep vulnerabilities and deprivation of the right to adequate food in the form of hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition have persisted in many parts of the world. The climate-induced disasters also continues to devastate many communities, thereby depriving them of their rights including adequate food. This commentary provides a broader perspective on the 25 years of the GC 12 to stimulate further debate and actions to entrench human rights, especially the right to adequate food, at the centre of the food systems transformation and overall sustainable development agenda. This year 2024, marks 25 years of the Global Compact 12 on the human right to adequate food. While it is an important opportunity to celebrate this great achievement of engraining this right into the wider sphere of global reference at the United Nations level, the domestication in countries into actions that concretely address the problem of hunger and malnutrition has been slow in many countries. The world is now faced with the grim realities of starving populations arising from unnecessary and unjust wars, and food continues to be used as a weapon of war against international law and human imagination. Worse still, in the current environment of climate change and its adverse effects on food systems, SDG2 (Zero hunger by 2030), seems unrealistic. Finally, it is no longer a question of providing carbohydrates, as the need to address quality, safety, nutrition and cultural acceptability is ever so pressing. Going forward, there is a need to accelerate advocacy efforts, research and policy formulation that fully operationalise GC 12 in country-level food systems and nutrition interventions. Realization of the right to adequate food benchmarks in GC 12 should certainly be the penultimate of such interventions as strategic food reserves, poverty and hunger reduction programmes, humanitarian disaster preparedness, contingency funding, social protection and child care among others.

With worries about the coronavirus, almost daily dire reports emerging on the potentially devastating effects of climate change, never-ending turmoil in the Middle East, and Tweet-induced economic-policy uncertainty riding high [...]

Cocoa production is highly vulnerable to fluctuations in some weather parameters and efforts are now channeled at reducing farmers' vulnerability through provision of some adaptive strategies. This study analyzed the effects of climate change adaptation strategies on income inequality among Ghanaian cocoa farmers. The data were collected from cocoa farmers using multi-stage sampling method. Out of the districts where cocoa is grown in the Ashanti region, Ahafo Ano North district was randomly selected. The sampling proceeded with compilation of the names of the villages in the District where cocoa is largely grown. Although 379 cocoa farmers were interviewed with structured questionnaires, this study made use of 349 respondents with completed information on their sources of income. Data were analyzed with factor component income inequality decomposition and regression-based approaches focusing on the Gini coefficient. The analyses were carried out with Distributive Analysis Stata Package (DASP) software. The results showed that high temperature was 69.63% of the farmers in 2015, while 70.20% observed more crop pests. Cocoa farmers tried to adapt to climate change through regular spraying of cocoa (74.9%), planting of hybrid seeds (68.50%) and changing of planting time (66.10%), diversification of livelihood sources (70.60%), monitoring of weather through media houses (59.6%) and indigenous knowledge (59.3%). The results further showed high income inequality among cocoa farmers (Gini = 0.6838). Farmers indicated they were among others spraying cocoa regularly, planting of hybrid seeds and changing cocoa's planting time as means of adapting to climate change. Crop income source was inequality reducing having accounted for 55.34% of all incomes but contributed 48.37% of inequality. Other income sources that reduced inequality were livestock, non-farm wages and remittances. Farmers' incomes were significantly influenced (p JEL Classifications: Q12, Q54, N5 and N57 Keywords: climate change, adaptation, income inequality, gini-coefficient, cocoa, Ghana, INTRODUCTION The role of agriculture as a primary supplier of food and raw materials for industrial development in Africa is now seriously undermined by climate change. In absence of adequate [...]

Jurg Federspiel's novel Die Ballade von der Typhoid Mary (1982) offers a fictionalized account of the notorious heroine's life that ultimately sympathizes with her plight as an immigrant who faced exclusionary cultural barriers. Drawing on Rob Nixon's concept of 'slow violence' and recent approaches developed by material ecocriticism theory, my essay reinterprets this work from an environmental humanities perspective. The interpretation focuses on the interconnection of discourses related to disease, food, and pollution flows. Exploration of these themes leads to the conclusion that Federspiel's work was prescient in its parallel engagement with both immigration issues and the emerging environmental concerns of its time. Since global migration today is increasingly understood to have climate change as its proximate cause, the novel deserves renewed attention for the insights it offers into the intersection of environment, transnational mobility, and class divides. Beyond illustrating the social tensions present in America during the Gilded Age and in the 1980s, it presents perspectives on historical conditions that remain relevant to debates about migration today. Keywords Material ecocriticism, slow violence, environment, pollution, disease, postmodernism, The opening scene of the novel Die Ballade von der Typhoid Mary (The Ballad of Typhoid Mary) by Swiss author Jurg Federspiel is horrific. An eerie ship, the Leibnitz, arrives [...]

Leprosy (also called Hansen's disease) was well established in Kiribati by the early 20th century, possibly as a result of contact with Western and Chinese traders (2,2). Colonial records indicate [...]

Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the northwest Atlantic Ocean have historically ranged as far south as Cape Hatteras, North Carolina (Schroeder, 1930; Bigelow and Schroeder, 1953). However, because aggregations documented [...]

In response to mounting concerns about the consequences of unabated climate change, California established in 2018 an aspirational goal of achieving a completely carbon-neutral economy by 2045, and becoming carbon [...]

Hydrologic, land surface, and other environmental models require meteorological input data--for example, precipitation and temperature to estimate discharge and soil moisture. In a hindcast these data are usually provided by [...]

There is a home-invasion crisis underway all around us, and yet we rarely speak about it. Air, water, and soil are subject to a growing array of invisible pollutants. Many [...]

Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for living organisms and a major limiting factor in many ecosystems. In recent years, global warming and nitrogen (N) deposition have become increasingly serious, with significant effects on the P cycle in terrestrial ecosystems. A series of studies were carried out on the soil P cycle, but how climate change affects this remains unclear. Field experiments with warming and N addition were implemented since April 2007. Infrared radiators manipulated temperature, and aqueous ammonium nitrate (10 g [m.sup.-2] [year.sup.-1]) was added to simulate N deposition. Compared with the control, N addition reduced soil total P; warming and N addition decreased soil available P; warming, N addition and warming plus N addition decreased microbial biomass P, but increased litter P; and warming and N addition increased phosphatase activity significantly. Correlation analysis showed that soil total P, available P, microbial biomass P and phosphatase activity were positively correlated with soil temperature and water content. Soil total P was positively correlated with microbial biomass P and phosphatase activity; and available P was positively correlated with microbial biomass P but negatively correlated with litter P. The results showed that warming and N deposition accelerated the soil P cycle by changing soil physical and chemical properties and soil biological activities (microbial and phosphatase activities). However, N addition reduced the capacity of microbes to fix P and reduced microbial biomass P, resulting in losses to the soil P pool, further aggravating P limitation in the Songnen Grassland ecosystem. Additional keywords: global warming, nitrogen addition, P cycle. Received 9 May 2019, accepted 7 September 2019, published online 28 October 2019, Introduction Over the last 60 years, terrestrial ecosystems have been influenced by significant human-induced environmental changes, including increases in nitrogen (N) deposition and average global temperatures (IPCC 2014). Global change [...]

Extant studies on the impact of corporate environmental performance on firm financial performance have produced contradictory findings. Empirical findings remain inconclusive largely due to faulty theorising and methodology. One key assumption is that the evidence from a particular research can be generalised across contexts, whereas these differ from industry to industry. A good example of an industry with theoretically and methodologically valid peculiarities is the extractive sector owing to the sector's centrality in the discourse on business role in climate change and environmental sustainability. We therefore argue for an idiographic perspective that allows theory and design that are sensitive to the industry's idiosyncrasies. In this paper, we draw on 94 firms that involve in extractive business based on the S&P 500 index. The results show that environmental performance has no significant association with extractive firms' financial performance. Meanwhile, results based on full data set (S&P 500 including the extractive firms) depict a significant positive relationship. This confirms our hunch regarding the idiosyncratic nature of the extractive industry, which include the non-substitutability of the industry's products with a very high demand and low chance of consumer boycott. The study reflects the nature of the extractive sector which is characterised by cartel arrangement where most firms operate like monopolists with little or no substitute for their products. This, however, portends some disturbing insights about why some of the firms in this sector perhaps sometimes exhibit cavalier attitudes in their environmental action with little or no significant impacts on their long-term value. We discuss the theoretical and policy implications of the study. JEL Classifications: G3, G38, C3 Keywords: Corporate Environmental Performance, Corporate Financial Performance, Extractive Sector Contact author's email address: ovincent@pau.edu.ng, INTRODUCTION CSR programs and policies that promote responsible environmental behaviour are key strategic initiatives (Hillman & Keim, 2001; Porter & Kramer, 2006). The advocates have argued that a strong link [...]

Institutional context and history have led to top-down knowledge dissemination. Would infrastructure for public engagement help science lead to mobilization? Climate change has been an issue of concern for more [...]

Water quality trading (WQT) is a market-based mechanism that aims to improve water quality in a way that maximizes economic efficiency while conserving environmental integrity. It is a compliance approach that allows point sources, such as factories, to meet regulatory obligations by using pollutant reductions created by another source, such as local farms, which has lower pollution control costs. The objective of this study was to explore the possibility of expanding the use of WQT from agriculture to rural septic systems, an often-neglected nonpoint source of nutrients to Lake Erie. Septic system upgrades in northwestern Ohio are of special interest because the soil conditions in this area pose a limitation to the effectiveness of nutrient removal for conventional soil-based systems. We assessed the willingness of septic system users to upgrade their systems using three scenarios emphasizing climate change, governmental regulation, or WQT. We found that septic system users were most interested in upgrades under the WQT scenario. The idea of WQT was better accepted in certain locations where septic system users were more concerned about the environment, perceived the local water quality to be degraded, and were aware of the limitation of their septic systems. Pilot WQT projects should focus on approaching these users., Introduction The western part of Lake Erie has suffered from increasingly severe eutrophication and frequent harmful algae blooms (HABs) since the mid-1990s (Kane, Conroy, Richards, Baker, & Culver, 2014). The [...]

Les enjeux ecologiques globaux ont-ils un impact sur le mode de vie urbain et sur Taction publique urbaine? La recherche montre que le climat est devenu un enjeu urbain d'importance, mais qu'en est-il de la biodiversite ? L'article se penchera, en premier lieu, sur la perspective des assemblages urbains, qui se fraie actuellement un chemin dans l'univers de la theorie urbaine. Cette approche s'est attiree de nombreuses critiques, mais elle a le merite de se pencher sur des pratiques urbaines emergentes. Parmi ces pratiques, se trouve l'action en faveur du climat et de la biodiversite. L'article analyse, en second lieu, les plans d'action de six grandes villes canadiennes en matiere de biodiversite. La conclusion se demande si la prise en compte des enjeux ecologiques globaux dans l'amenagement urbain conduit a une configuration nouvelle des grandes villes. Mots cles: Theorie urbaine; assemblages urbains; action publique urbaine; biodiversite; grandes villes; Canada Has global environmental change impacted on the urban way of life and on urban policy? Research shows that climate change has become a major urban political issue, but what can one say about biodiversity? This paper will, firstly, examine the urban assemblage perspective, which presents itself as a new approach to urban theory. This approach has been criticized, but its remains valid as a way of making sense of emerging urban practices. Among these practices are urban policy on climate change and biodiversity. Secondly, the paper examines action plans on biodiversity in six Canadian metropolises. The conclusion asks whether taking into account global environmental change in urban planning leads to a new reshaping of large urban areas. Keywords: Urban Theory; Urban Assemblages; Urban Policy; Biodiversity; Metropolitan Areas; Canada, La theorie sociologique urbaine peut-elle faire face aux nouveaux problemes d'environnement des grandes villes metropolitaines? Depuis le declin de L'Ecole de Chicago, la sociologie semble en manque d'une vision theorique [...]

Climate change results from persistent problems, the solving of which calls for innovative approaches. Transition experiments attempt to do just that. The goal of this paper is to present the experimentation project Nos milieux de vie!, carried out in Montreal by the non-profit organization Solon and the UQAM Research Chair on Sustainability Transitions, as well as to elucidate the results obtained during the first phases of the project and the methodological adaptations made over the course of the transition experiments. Our descriptions of the Nos milieux de vie ! project alongside a presentation of results achieved one year into the project have allowed us to identify four principal learnings concerning the crucial role of Solon as a mediator; the existence of diverse temporalities within the project; the importance of adapting to the demands and needs of participants; and the existence of social drivers of sustainability transitions. Keywords: climate change; sustainability transition; experimentation; action research Les changements climatiques decoulent de problemes persistants qui impliquent d'innover dans les manieres de les aborder. Les experimentations de transition representent des tentatives en ce sens. L'objectif de cet article est de presenter le projet d'experimentation Nos milieux de vie! mene a Montreal avec l'organisme Solon, afin de rendre compte des apprentissages acquis lors des premieres phases du projet et des adaptations methodologiques effectuees au cours des experimentations de transition auxquelles ces projets ont donne lieu. Les explications de la demarche du projet Nos milieux de vie! et la presentation des resultats de la premiere annee permettent d'identifier quatre apprentissages principaux : le role crucial de Solon comme organisme de mediation, l'existence de temporalites diverses au sein du projet, l'importance de s'adapter aux demandes et aux besoins des participants, et l'existence de determinants sociaux de la transition ecologique. Mots cles: changements climatiques; transition ecologique; experimentation; recherche-action; durabilite, Introduction The emergence of environmental issues on the public agenda in the 1960s quickly generated interest in social organization at the local level. Approaches such as social ecology, for example, [...]

This paper examines efforts taking place in London, San Francisco and Stockholm to implement deep greenhouse gas emission cuts--'deep decarbonization'--through the transformation of buildings and urban energy infrastructure for increased energy efficiency and low/zero carbon energy supply. Drawing on interviews, policy document analysis, and site tours to buildings and energy infrastructure, this paper analyzes how deep decarbonization is being embedded into urban buildings, energy systems, and institutions. It argues that practitioners are finding ways to create new low/zero carbon future buildings, but are having difficulty correcting the historical development path through retrofitting. This paper examines solutions and challenges brought to light by urban decarbonization in practice targeting existing buildings from which other cities can learn. Four key lessons for low/zero carbon retrofits are highlighted: 1) shift primary targets from homeowners to owners of multiple buildings, 2) expand the suite of resources available to support zero carbon retrofits, 3) experiment and teach using public investment, and 4) institutionalize energy and carbon reporting linked to municipal department targets. Given the necessity of low-carbon, efficient, and climate-resilient building retrofits to address the climate crisis, action can be scaled up by considering buildings and energy infrastructure an infrastructure priority for public investment. Keywords: urban; cities; climate change; decarbonization Cet article examine les efforts deployes a Londres, San Francisco et Stockholm pour mettre en place une reduction profonde des emissions de gaz a effet de serre--<>--par la transformation des batiments et des infrastructures energetiques urbaines pour l'efficacite energetique et l'approvisionnement d'energie a zero ou faible intensite carbone. S'appuyant sur des entretiens, l'analyse de documents de politiques publiques et des visites de sites d'immeubles et d'infrastructures energetiques, cet article analyse comment la decarbonisation en profondeur est incorporee dans les batiments urbains, les systemes energetiques et les institutions. Il fait valoir que les praticiens trouvent des moyens de creer de nouveaux developpements a zero ou faibles emissions de carbone, mais ceux-ci ont du mal a corriger la trajectoire historique de developpement avec l'amelioration energetique. Cet article examine les solutions et les defis mis en evidence par la pratique de la decarbonisation urbaine qui cible les batiments existants, a partir desquels d'autres villes peuvent apprendre. Quatre lecons principales pour la renovation a faibles emissions ou carboneutre sont soulignees: 1) transferer les objectifs principaux des proprietaries aux proprietaries de plusieurs batiments, 2) elargir la gamme de ressources disponibles pour soutenir les ameliorations de la reduction des emissions de carbone, 3) experimenter et enseigner en utilisant les investissements publics et 4) institutionnaliser les rapports sur l'energie et le carbone lies aux objectifs des services municipaux. Compte tenu de la necessite de renover les batiments dans une optique de sobriete carbone, d'efficacite et de resilience face a la crise climatique, il est suggere d'intensifier l'action en considerant les batiments et les infrastructures energetiques comme une priorite pour les investissements publics dans les infrastructures. Mots cles: urbain; villes; changement climatique; decarbonisation, Introduction It is increasingly clear that urban climate change mitigation features diverse and multi-level action driven by actors from across government, industry and non-profit sectors. In this context, a number [...]

Dans les villes, un nombre croissant de citoyens met en place de maniere independante des initiatives pour faire face aux changements climatiques, tels que des projets de verdissement, d'agriculture urbaine ou d'energies alternatives. Cet article cherche a comprendre comment les acteurs citoyens locaux contribuent a la gouvernance climatique urbaine par le biais d'experimentations sociales et environnementales de petite echelle. A partir de l'etude de cas du quartier Rosemont-La Petite-Patrie a Montreal (Canada) portant sur huit initiatives, cette recherche se base sur un cadre theorique combinant les experimentations de gouvernance climatique et la theorie de transition sociotechnique. L'accumulation et l'influence de telles initiatives peuvent contribuer a redefinir les enjeux urbains et demontrer la faisabilite et l'acceptabilite de solutions simples afin de mieux effectuer une transition urbaine face aux changements climatiques. En s'appuyant sur leur reseau social mais aussi sur leurs objectifs et leur savoir-faire, les militants urbains etablissent leur legitimite en tant qu'acteurs capables de proposer des alternatives a l'administration municipale. Les resultats de la recherche montrent egalement que ces initiatives locales refletent le pouvoir grandissant des modes d'action collectifs informels. En effet, par le biais des actions locales <>, les citoyens produisent des retombees directes, concretes, simples et axees sur leur benefice personnel. Ce faisant, ils construisent de nouveaux ecosystemes bases sur divers partenariats. Il s'agit d'un modele alternatif innovant face aux modes actuels de consommation des ressources et a la maniere dont est socialement geree la crise climatique a partir d'un paradigme faconne par le capitalisme et le neoliberalisme. Mots cles: Initiatives citoyennes; gouvernance urbaine; transition sociotechnique, changements climatiques; Montreal Within urban areas, a growing number of citizens independently set up initiatives to face climate change, such as greening, urban agriculture or alternative energy projects. This paper seeks to understand how local citizens'actors contribute to urban climate governance through small-scale social and environmental experiments. Based on a Montreal (Canada) neighbourhood Rosemont-La Petite-Patrie case study of eight initiatives, the research is based on a theoretical framework combining climate governance experiments and sociotechnical transition theory. The accumulation and influence of such initiatives can contribute to redefine urban issues and demonstrate the feasibility and acceptability of simple solutions in order to implement an urban transition in face of climate change. Using their social network but also their objectives and know-how, urban activists establish their legitimacy as stakeholders who can propose alternatives to the municipal government. Results of the study also show that such local experiments reflect the growing power of informal collective modes of action. Indeed, through local 'green' actions, citizens produce impacts that are immediate, concrete, simple and 'personal-benefit-oriented.' By doing so, they build new ecosystems made of various partnerships. This offers an innovative alternative model in the face of the current ways of consuming resources and about how we socially deal with the climate crisis under a paradigm shaped by capitalism and neoliberalism. Keywords: Citizens'initiatives; urban climate governance; sociotechnical transition; climate change; Montreal, Introduction Les villes comme entites geographiques et politiques sont reconnues comme ayant un role primordial a jouer dans la question relative aux changements climatiques. En raison de la concentration des [...]

The growing involvement of cities in the fight against climate change is probably one of the most significant features of today's environmental governance. Beyond contributing to mitigation and adaptation efforts, urban climate action also helps in understanding how urban societies and spaces are being transformed in a context of global environmental change. This paper looks in particular at these sociospatial transformations, by presenting an empirical research on Quebec City's climate policy. Since 2004, Quebec City has implemented various mitigation initiatives, but without being able to reduce its emissions. In fact, its policy approach has been mainly symbolic and has not encouraged the institutionalization of the climate issue in planning and governance practices. The case of Quebec City shows that climate change is contributing to the renewal of environmental policies, but it also highlights the difficulty of decarbonizing urban socio-technical systems that have mainly developed around automobility. Keywords: urban climate action; green urban entrepreneurialism; ecological modernization; urban climate mimicry L'implication grandissante des villes dans la lutte aux changements climatiques est probablement une des caracteristiques les plus significatives de la gouvernance environnementale actuelle. Au-dela de contribuer aux efforts d'attenuation et d'adaptation, l'action climatique urbaine permet aussi de comprendre comment les societes et les espaces urbains se transforment dans un contexte de changements environnementaux globaux. Cette contribution se penche notamment sur ces transformations sociospatiales, en presentant une recherche empirique sur la ville de Quebec. Depuis 2004, Quebec s'est dote de diverses initiatives en matiere d'attenuation, sans toutefois etre en mesure de reduire ses emissions. La demarche de l'administration municipale a ete surtout symbolique, et n'a pas favorise l'institutionnalisation de l'enjeu climatique dans la gouvernance et la planification. Le cas de Quebec montre que les changements climatiques contribuent au renouvellement de l'action environnementale, mais souligne aussi la difficulte a decarboniser des systemes sociotechniques urbains qui se sont developpes essentiellement autour de l'automobilite. Mots cles: action climatique urbaine; entrepreneurialisme urbain vert; modernisation ecologique; reflexivite urbaine, Introduction: The Climate Is Changing, The City Too Across the globe, climate change is increasingly targeted by local policies and actions, whether in terms of improving energy efficiency, greening spaces, [...]

Decadal trends of continuous seasonal maximum and minimum air temperature and air temperature range are analyzed by elevation within the southern Appalachian Mountains of the southeastern United States. Temperature data included spanned December 1969 to November 2018 and were obtained from the quality controlled Global Historical Climatology Network-monthly, version 4. Linear least squares regression indicates statistically-significant warming trends with minimum seasonal air temperature typically increasing more than maximum seasonal air temperature, reflecting a decrease of the air temperature range with time, particularly during the boreal meteorological winter, spring, and summer seasons. Regressions of station decadal trends versus station elevation illustrate the presence of elevation-dependent warming with the magnitude of decadal temperature trends decreasing as station elevation increases, at least up to 850 m above mean sea level. As a result, the regional vertical temperature lapse rate was also found to increase with time, suggesting the possibility for precipitation and convection lift implications. From a biogeography standpoint, the increasing vertical temperature gradient may imply an acceleration of species upslope migration with time. Las tendencias decenales de la temperatura del aire maxima y minima continuas estacionales y el rango de temperatura del aire se analizan por elevacion dentro de los Montes Apalaches del sur del sureste de los Estados Unidos. Los datos de temperatura incluyeron desde diciembre de 1969 hasta noviembre de 2018 y se obtuvieron de la red de Climatologia Historica Global con calidad controlada mensual, version 4. La regresion lineal de minimos cuadrados indica tendencias de calentamiento estadisticamente significativas con una temperatura del aire estacional minima que generalmente aumenta mas que la temperatura del aire estacional lo que refleja una disminucion del rango de la temperatura del aire con el tiempo, particularmente durante las estaciones meteorologicas boreales de invierno, primavera y verano. Las regresiones de las tendencias decenales de la estacion frente a la elevacion de la estacion ilustran la presencia de un calentamiento dependiente de la elevacion con la magnitud de las tendencias decadales de la temperatura disminuyendo a medida que aumenta la elevacion de la estacion, al menos hasta 850 m por encima del nivel medio del mar. Como resultado, tambien se encontro que la tasa de caida vertical de la temperatura aumentaba con el tiempo, lo que sugiere la posibilidad de implicaciones de elevacion por conveccion y precipitacion. Desde el punto de vista de la biogeografia, el aumento del gradiente vertical de temperatura puede implicar una aceleracion de la migracidn en pendiente de las especies con el tiempo. KEYWORDS: Mountain meteorology, climate change, sky islands, elevation-dependent warming, temperature range PALABRES CLAVE: Meteorologia de montana, cambio climatico, islas del cielo, calentamiento dependiente de la elevacion, rango de temperatura, INTRODUCTION Mountain peak ecosystems have been referred to as 'sky islands' (Heald 1967, Kupfer et al. 2005, Malanson et al. 2017). Much like true islands, species here may be vulnerable [...]

Researchers have established the need for regional as opposed to national studies of tornadoes since activity varies spatially. Also, studies in sparsely populated, rural states outside the traditional high frequency tornado areas are rare. West Virginia provides a rich context for the study of tornadoes, including the potential to detect the effects of climate change on tornado frequency and distribution in a sparsely populated state as well as a potential eastward shift of tornadoes in the United States. Data from the US Storm Prediction Center's (SPC's) tornado database from 1950-2017 recorded 141 tornado reports for WV. Comparing the first half of the record (1950-1983) to the second half (1984-2017), we find significant increases in tornado counts for the months of June and September, declines for the months of April and August, and a shift of tornado reports to later in afternoon. The month of May was curiously low in tornado counts over the entire length of record. To probe the reason for these observed changes, we mapped several variables from the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis Dataset on a 2.5[degrees] by 2.5[degrees] latitude-longitude grid over North America, comparing the two time periods. Reanalysis variables provided some insights vis-a-vis the changes in tornado counts for some of the noteworthy months. Clustering of tornadoes is evident within the state, indicative of spatial patterns in the underlying tornado climatology. The mean center of tornado locations shifted north and east. Los investigadores han establecido la necesidad de estudios regionales en vez de nacionales sobre los tornados, ya que la actividad varia espacialmente y los estudios en estados rurales escasamente poblados, fuera de las areas tradicionales de tornados de alta frecuencia, son raros. El estado de West Virginia proporciona un rico contexto para el estudio de tornados, que incluye el potencial para detectar los efectos del cambio climdtico en la frecuencia y distribucion de tornados en un estado escasamente poblado, asi como un posible cambio de tornados hacia el este en los Estados Unidos. Los datos de la base de datos de tornados del Centro de Prediccion de Tormentas de EE. UU. (SPC) de 1950-2017 registraron 141 informes de tornados para estado de West Virginia. Comparando la primera mitad del record (1950-1983) a la segunda mitad (1984-2017), encontramos aumentos significativos en el conteo de tornados para los meses de junio y septiembre, disminuciones en los meses de abril y agosto y un cambio de informes de tornado a las ultimas horas de la tarde. El mes de mayo fue curiosamente bajo en recuentos de tornados en toda la longitud del registro. Para investigar el motivo de estos cambios observados, asignamos varias variables del conjunto de datos de reandlisis de NCEP/NCAR en una cuadricula de latitud-longitud de 2.5[degrees] por 2.5[degrees] en America del Norte, comparando los dos periodos. Las variables de reandlisis proporcionaron algunas ideas con respecto a los cambios en los recuentos de tornados durante algunos de los meses notables. El agrupamiento de tornados es evidente dentro del estado, indicativo de patrones espaciales en la climatologia del tornado subyacente. El centra medio de las ubicaciones de tornados se desplazo hacia el norte y el este. KEYWORDS: Tornado climatology, Reanalysis data, Spatial analysis PALABRAS CLAVE: Climatologia de los tornados; Datos de reanalisis; Analisis espacial, INTRODUCTION Although 2018 was the first year on record with no violent tornadoes (EF4 or EF5) in the United States (US; Livingston 2018), tornadoes continue to cause property damage and [...]