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Introduction: Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome is a musculoskeletal condition characterized by hip symptoms. Conservative therapy is indicated prior to surgical intervention. However, no literature has described conservative management of FAI in detail. This report provides a detailed active rehabilitation plan for an elite athlete with FAI to guide future research and clinicians., Case Presentation: A 30-year-old male Olympic fencing athlete presented with unilateral hip pain less than 1 year prior to the Olympic Games. Radiographic imaging demonstrated bilateral cam morphology. Hip mobilizations and stretching did not provide a meaningful pain reduction. Cortisone injection was then suggested prior to the Games where surgery was suggested following the Games., Management and Outcome: Active rehabilitative exercises targeted motor control of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex, which led to significant pain reduction and full return to sport. Surgical intervention and cortisone injections were deemed unnecessary due to resolution of symptoms., Conclusion: Athletes with FAI syndrome may benefit from specific active rehabilitation exercises. Future clinical trials should explore rehabilitative exercises that address improved motor control to manage individuals with FAI syndrome., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Few studies have quantified dynamic balance in fencers despite previous suggestions that balance training may be beneficial for these athletes. Generally, asymmetry in dynamic balance performance between the left and right legs can be an indicator of lower extremity injury risk and used to monitor rehabilitation progress. Fencing is recognized as an asymmetric sport, therefore, differences in dynamic balance may exist among uninjured athletes., Hypothesis/purpose: The primary objective of this investigation was to evaluate whether asymmetry of dynamic balance is present in uninjured national-level fencers. It was hypothesized that elite uninjured fencers would demonstrate superior dynamic balance on the lead-leg of their fencing stance. A secondary objective was to compare dynamic balance performance of elite fencers to previously published data from high-level athletes participating in other sports., Study Design: Descriptive Laboratory Study., Methods: Fourteen uninjured elite competitive fencers were recruited. Subjects self-reported the lead leg of their fencing stance. Each participant performed the Y-Balance test (YBT), which represented a measurement of dynamic balance control, on both legs. Reach distances were recorded directly from a commercially available YBT apparatus. Four reach distances were recorded: anterior, posteromedial, posterolateral, and a composite measure was calculated. Distances were leg length-normalized and expressed as a percentage. Sample averages and standard deviations were derived for the four YBT measurements., Results: There were no significant differences in reaching distance between the lead and trail legs in any of the four YBT measures (p ≥ 0.65). Fencers appeared to demonstrate larger normalized reach distances in the posterolateral and posteromedial directions than other athletes., Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that dynamic balance is not significantly different between the lead and trail legs in elite fencers, despite the asymmetrical nature of their sport. The apparent symmetry of dynamic balance control in uninjured fencers means that the YBT could be used in this population for monitoring progress during training and rehabilitation., Level of Evidence: 2b., Competing Interests: None to declare.

Objectives: To determine the influence of induced fatigue on dynamic balance in healthy athletes., Design: Systematic review., Data Sources: PUBMED, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Sports Discus, and the Cochrane library from onset to May 28, 2019., Eligibility Criteria: Eligible studies included any study examining the effects of induced-fatigue on dynamic balance, as measured by the SEBT/YBT, in healthy athletic populations. Studies with a low risk of bias were considered scientifically admissible for a best evidence synthesis., Results: Fifteen studies with low risk of bias were included - seven investigated recreational athletes while eight focused on competitive athletes. In the recreational population, five of the studies found significant decrease in dynamic balance following the fatiguing intervention. However, the remaining two concluded with insignificant changes. As for the competitive population, three studies showed significant effects of induced fatigue on dynamic balance, while five showed no effects., Conclusion: There are conflicting results regarding the effects of induced fatigue on dynamic balance. The majority of studies focused on competitive athletes found that fatigue did not alter their dynamic balance. Per contra, the majority of studies focused on recreational athletes concluded the opposite - fatigue did indeed affect dynamic balance., Competing Interests: The authors have no disclaimers, competing interests, or sources of support or funding to report in the preparation of this manuscript., (© JCCA 2021.)

Introduction: Distal clavicular osteolysis (DCO) is a musculoskeletal pathology characterized by shoulder pain. Given the high prevalence of shoulder pain due to rotator cuff and subacromial injuries, DCO is often overlooked. Conservative therapy is indicated prior to surgical intervention. However, no literature has described conservative management of DCO in detail. This report will outline conservative management details for DCO to guide future research and clinicians., Case Presentation: A 24-year-old female hockey player presented with trauma-induced injury, where she was diagnosed with type II acromio-clavicular joint separation. She presented 5-months later with residual pain and limitations in ranges of motion (ROM). Radiographic images revealed DCO., Management and Outcome: Management entailed strict rest from overhead activities followed by rehabilitation and manual therapy. 6-months later the patient reported resolution of symptoms, improved ROMs, and activities of daily living., Summary: DCO can be difficult to diagnose given its limited etiological understanding, low incidence, and poor radiographic sensitivity. DCO diagnosis should be considered in cases with unresolving shoulder pain., Competing Interests: The authors have no disclaimers, competing interests, or sources of support or funding to report in the preparation of this manuscript. The involved patient provided consent for case publication., (© JCCA 2021.)

Introduction: The therapeutic effects of local muscle vibration (LMV) remain controversial due to a lack of specific protocols. This review was conducted to better understand the effects of various LMV application protocols., Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed based on title and abstract and a set of predetermined inclusion criteria. Study quality was then evaluated via the PEDro scale., Results: 23 articles were returned initially, and 21 studies were evaluated. The average PEDro score was 5.97/10. Reported outcome measures included muscle activation, strength, power, and range of motion / flexibility. The frequency and amplitude of LMV ranged from 5 - 300 Hz and 0.12-12 mm respectively, and duration from 6 seconds - 30 minutes., Conclusion: Most studies found that LMV elicits beneficial changes in the mentioned outcome measures. However, the methodological procedures used are quite heterogeneous. Further research is needed to understand the optimal application of LMV., Competing Interests: The authors have no disclaimers, competing interests, or sources of support or funding to report in the preparation of this manuscript.