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In 2021, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted approval to aducanumab, an antiamyloid antibody for early-stage Alzheimer's disease, despite a lack of clear clinical evidence demonstrating the drug's cognitive benefits. The manufacturer initially priced the drug at a staggering $56,000 per year, a price that was later reduced to $28,200. Unfortunately, these costs do not include the additional expenses associated with monitoring the treatment. However, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) recently announced that they will only cover individuals enrolled in clinical trials and will limit coverage of future antiamyloid antibodies. This discrepancy between the FDA and CMS positions has caused confusion and concerns for patients who could potentially benefit from antiamyloid therapy. It is important to acknowledge the clinical and economic uncertainties surrounding aducanumab and its potential impacts on future antiamyloid drug development and approval processes. The FDA's approval, despite limited clinical evidence, raises questions about the integrity and rigor of the approval process. The drug's high cost also raises accessibility concerns, especially for those without insurance or sufficient financial resources. Given the CMS's limited coverage policy, it's critical to evaluate the long-term implications of this decision on future antiamyloid drug development. Without adequate support and coverage from insurance providers, the development and approval of future Alzheimer's treatments may be hindered. In summary, the approval and pricing of aducanumab, coupled with the CMS's limited coverage policy, has created a confusing and concerning landscape for Alzheimer's patients. It's important that stakeholders, including patients, clinicians, insurers, and regulatory bodies, work together to address these challenges and ensure that individuals with Alzheimer's have access to effective, affordable treatments., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests. No author received an honorarium for contributing to this paper., (© 2023 The Author(s).)

Background: Postoperative pain and severe side effects of opioid analgesics present a clinical challenge after cardio-thoracic surgery. In this study, the impact of Kinesio® taping on postoperative morbidity after median sternotomy was observed., Methods: Thirty-nine patients (mean age 66 ± 9 years, CI: 63.28; 68.98) who underwent median sternotomy between 09/2014 and 11/2014 participated in this prospective randomized controlled trial. Patients were assigned into a treatment on a non-treatment group. Patients in the treatment group were taped after leaving the intensive care unit. We assessed, pain, consumption of pain medication, the subjective estimation of patients' ability to breathe, radiologic and microbial abnormalities as well as adverse effects resulting from the tape use daily until discharge. To determine the patients' satisfaction a discharge questionnaire was offered after completion of data., Results: Patients who were treated with tape report significantly less pain (2.14 ± 0.5, CI: 1.1; 3.13) than patients from the control group (4.16 ± 0.6, CI: 2.92; 5.41, p = 0.01). The need for opioid pain medication, as assessed by total analgesic consumption per patient, was significantly less in the treatment group (1.2 ml ± 0.4 ml, CI: 0.40 ml; 2.01 ml) versus (3.1 ml ± 0.5 ml, CI: 2.0 ml; 4.2 ml, p = 0.01). The subjective estimation of patients' ability to breathe was significantly better (p < 0.001) and the satisfaction was higher in the Kinesio® tape group compared to the control group. Taped patients had a mean hospitalization of 10 ± 1 day (CI: 8.74 days; 11.78 days) untapped patients stayed for 11 ± 1 days (CI: 9.17 days; 11.83 days). Adverse effects from the tape treatment were not observed., Conclusions: Kinesio® taping after median sternotomy is a low-risk, non-pharmacologic, cost effective, and promising method for improving patients' breathing conditions, reducing postoperative pain, pain medication consumption, and thus, potential adverse effects of analgesics.

Recent analyses indicate that differences in protein concentrations are only 20%-40% attributable to variable mRNA levels, underlining the importance of posttranscriptional regulation. Generally, protein concentrations depend on the translation rate (which is proportional to the translational activity, TA) and the degradation rate. By integrating 12 publicly available large-scale datasets and additional database information of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we systematically analyzed five factors contributing to TA: mRNA concentration, ribosome density, ribosome occupancy, the codon adaptation index, and a newly developed "tRNA adaptation index." Our analysis of the functional relationship between the TA and measured protein concentrations suggests that the TA follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The calculated TA, together with measured protein concentrations, allowed us to estimate degradation rates for 4,125 proteins under standard conditions. A significant correlation to recently published degradation rates supports our approach. Moreover, based on a newly developed scoring system, we identified and analyzed genes subjected to the posttranscriptional regulation mechanism, translation on demand. Next we applied these findings to publicly available data of protein and mRNA concentrations under four stress conditions. The integration of these measurements allowed us to compare the condition-specific responses at the posttranscriptional level. Our analysis of all 62 proteins that have been measured under all four conditions revealed proteins with very specific posttranscriptional stress response, in contrast to more generic responders, which were nonspecifically regulated under several conditions. The concept of specific and generic responders is known for transcriptional regulation. Here we show that it also holds true at the posttranscriptional level.

In June 1987, following an outbreak of an illness among children participating in a swim class, investigation revealed that 26 children who had swum in the outdoor wading pool were more likely to be ill than those who had not (OR 12.1, 95% CI = 2.9, 74.2). The pool chlorination system was operating improperly prior to onset of illness and chlorine levels were at or very near zero. This report emphasizes the need for operators and inspectors to give special attention to disinfection of wading pools.