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Cellulose-based hydrogels are versatile and biodegradable materials derived from renewable cellulose sources. These hydrogels possess unique properties, such as high water absorption capacity, tunable mechanical strength and excellent biocompatibility. Their porous structure and functional groups enable effective interactions with contaminants and making them ideal candidates for water purification. In wastewater treatment, cellulose-based hydrogels are widely utilized for adsorbing heavy metals and dyes because of their exceptional adsorption capacity and reusability. Chemical changes and enhanced fabrication processes can improve these materials capacity to combat different contaminants under demanding environmental conditions. This review comprehensively explores the extraction and modification of cellulose, the functional and structural properties of cellulose derivatives and the synthesis techniques for cellulose-based hydrogels. It delves into the adsorption mechanisms and highlighting their efficiency in removing specific contaminants. Factors influencing adsorption behavior, such as crosslink density, pollutant concentration, pH, temperature and ionic strength are also discussed. Finally, review outlines current challenges and provides future perspectives to guide research and innovation in this field. It emphasizes the potential of cellulose-based hydrogels as sustainable solutions for wastewater remediation., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The leading form of cancer affecting females globally is breast cancer, characterized by an unregulated growth of cells within the breast. Therefore, examining breast tissue is crucial in accurately identifying and treating this disease. Exosomes are very small enclosures bounded by a layer of cells and produced by a variety of cells present in the cancerous tissue surroundings. They play a crucial role in several biological functions in cancerous tumors. These exosomes carry non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and are discharged into the TME, where they are instrumental in the development and advancement of tumors. Additionally, the ncRNAs enclosed in exosomes act as significant mediators of communication within cells. Consequently, there is limited comprehension regarding the precise roles and targets of exosomal RNA in regulation, as research in this area is still in its preliminary phases. This piece provides a comprehensive overview of the latest studies on exosomes, delving into their impact on the behavior of cancer cells and immune cells. Moreover, it presents a compilation of the diverse forms of non-coding RNA molecules found in exosomes released by both cancerous and supportive cells, including circular RNAs, microRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs. Current research has proven the noteworthy influence that non-coding RNA molecules have on the progression, proliferation, drug resistance, and immune responses of breast cancer cells., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Throughout the recent years, water bodies have been significantly contaminated via various industrial and pollution wastes posing threats to the living. To tackle the situation, Lignin-Based Hydrogels have appeared as a material with great potential for wastewater treatment. Biomass-derived polymers for wastewater treatment present a sustainable replacement to plastics based on petroleum owing to its biocompatibility, affordability, eco-friendliness and biodegradability. After cellulose the lignin is the second highest polyaromatic bio-polymer in plants. And serves as the Earth's primary renewable source for aromatic materials. Structurally, it is a cross-linked polymer enriched with hydrophilic functional groups like hydroxyls, methoxyls, carbonyls that makes it a promising precursor towards hydrogel development. This review focuses on hydrogels based on lignin, highlighting their synthesis, traits and potential functions in water treatment. It also examines various methods for extracting lignin from different raw materials. Challenges and limitations associated with real-world applications of LBHs are addressed and along with prospects for future research. Ultimately, this review provides valuable insights into developing sustainable hydrogels based on lignin for efficient elimination of aquatic contaminants., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that none of the work described here could have been influenced by any known competing financial interests or personal relationships., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Hepatitis C, caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV), is a prevalent liver disease with severe outcomes, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Traditional diagnostic methods primarily detect antiviral antibodies (anti-HCV) or viral RNA, but these approaches have limitations. Anti-HCV antibodies may take 2-4 weeks to develop in acute cases and can be absent in some individuals, leading to undiagnosed early-stage infections. This poses significant challenges for public health, particularly in resource-limited settings where early detection is crucial. This article explores the development of biosensors engineered to directly detect HCV surface antigens, such as envelope proteins. These biosensors provide a promising solution for earlier and more accurate diagnosis by identifying viral components at the initial stages of infection. By focusing on direct detection of viral antigens, these innovations could enhance early diagnosis, facilitate timely intervention, and reduce virus transmission. We evaluate the advancements in biosensor technology over the past decade and their potential to improve HCV detection in clinical and field settings, ultimately supporting global efforts to eliminate HCV as a public health threat., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Accurate estimation of interfacial tension (IFT) between nitrogen and crude oil during nitrogen-based gas injection into oil reservoirs is imperative. The previous research works dealing with prediction of IFT of oil and nitrogen systems consider synthetic oil samples such n-alkanes. In this work, we aim to utilize eight machine learning methods of Decision Tree (DT), AdaBoost (AB), Random Forest (RF), K-nearest Neighbors (KNN), Ensemble Learning (EL), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Multilayer Perceptron Artificial Neural Network (MLP-ANN) to construct data-driven intelligent models to predict crude oil - nitrogen IFT based upon experimental data of real crude oils samples encountered in underground oil reservoirs. Several statistical indices and graphical approaches are used as accuracy performance indicators. The results show that virtually all the gathered datapoints are suitable for the purpose of model development. The sensitivity analysis indicated that pressure, temperature and crude oil API all negatively affect the IFT, with pressure being the most effective factor. The evaluation study proved that Random Forest is the most accurate developed intelligent model as it was characterized with acceptable R-squared (0.959), mean square error (1.65), average absolute relative error (6.85%) of unseen test datapoints as well as with correct trend prediction of IFT with regard to all input parameters of pressure, temperature and crude oil API. The developed model can be considered an accurate an easy-to-use tool for the prediction of crude oil/N 2 IFT values for enhance oil recovery study optimization and upstream reservoir investigations., Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Background: There is no consensus in the existing literature regarding the effect of soluble fiber on the lipid profile of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials aimed to assess the effect of soluble fiber on triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in T2DM patients., Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and ISI Web of sciences were searched for RCTs up to 4 May 2024. Data from RCTs were pooled using the generic inverse variance method and expressed as weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95 % confidence interval (CIs)., Results: Pooled data from 38 RCTs reporting patient outcomes were evaluated for mean effects. Results indicated that soluble fiber significantly altered TG (WMD: -16.97 mg/dL, 95 % CI: -29.16 to -4.78, P = 0.021), HDL-C (WMD: 1.74 mg/dL, 95 % CI: 1.02-2.46, P < 0.001), LDL-C (WMD: -11.14 mg/dL, 95 % CI: -15.41 to -6.87, P < 0.001), and TC (WMD: -13.87 mg/dL, 95 % CI: -17.99 to -9.75, P = 0.027)., Conclusions: Soluble fiber supplementation has the potential to improve lipid profile in patients with T2DM, and may provide a feasible approach for improving metabolic health in T2DM patients., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest There are no conflicts to declare., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Breast cancer is a complicated malignancy and is known as the most common cancer in women. Considerable experiments have been devoted to explore the basic impacts of the tumor stroma, particularly the extracellular matrix (ECM) and stromal components, on tumor growth and resistance to treatment. ECM is made up of an intricate system of proteins, glycosaminoglycans, and proteoglycans, and maintains structural support and controls key signaling pathways involved in breast tumors. ECM can block different drugs such as chemotherapy and immunotherapy drugs from entering the tumor stroma. Furthermore, the stromal elements, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), immune cells, and blood vessels, have crucial impacts on tumor development and therapeutic resistance. Recently, promising outcomes have been achieved in using nanotechnology for delivering drugs to tumor stroma and crossing ECM in breast malignancies. Nanoparticles have various benefits for targeting the breast tumor stroma, such as improved permeability and retention, extended circulation time, and the ability to actively target the area. This review covers the latest developments in nanoparticle therapies that focus on breast tumor ECM and stroma. We will explore different approaches using nanoparticles to target the delivery of anticancer drugs like chemotherapy, small molecule drugs, various antitumor products, and other specific synthetic therapeutic agents to the breast tumor stroma. Furthermore, we will investigate the utilization of nanoparticles in altering the stromal elements, such as reprogramming CAFs and immune cells, and also remodeling ECM., Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of interest: Authors declare no conflict of interest. Ethical approval: No human or animal study was performed in this study. Consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent to publish: Not applicable. Informed consent: For this type of study, formal consent is not required., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Federación de Sociedades Españolas de Oncología (FESEO).)

Netrin-1, an essential extracellular protein, has gained significant attention due to its pivotal role in guiding axon and cell migration during embryonic development. The fundamental significance of netrin-1 in developmental biology is reflected in its high conservation across different species as a part of the netrin family. The bifunctional nature of netrin-1 demonstrates its functional versatility, as it can function as either a repellent or an attractant according to the context and the expressed receptors on the target cells including the deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC), the uncoordinated-5 (UNC5), DSCAM, Neogenin-1, Adenosine A2b and Draxin receptors. By directing axonal growth cones toward the appropriate targets, netrin-1 is a critical actor in the formation of the intricate architecture of the nervous system. Netrin-1 is believed to be involved in additional biological and pathological processes in addition to its traditional function in neural development. The behavior of a diverse array of cell types is influenced by controlling cell adhesion and movement, which is impacted by netrin-1. It is a molecule of interest in both developmental biology and clinical research because of its involvement in angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, inflammation, and tissue regeneration, as confirmed by recent studies. The therapeutic capability of netrin-1 in disorders such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular diseases warrants significant attention., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Context: In this study, the capacities of C 46 , Ge 46 , C 72 , Al 36 P 36 , Ni-C 46 , Ni-Ge 46 , Cr-C 72 , and Cr-Al 36 P 36 nanocages to transfer the flutamide and cyclophosphamide as anticancer drugs are investigated. The adsorption parameters and recovery time values for desorption of flutamide and cyclophosphamide drugs from surfaces of nanocages are calculated to propose the acceptable materials for drug delivery. The ΔG adsorption of flutamide and cyclophosphamide on surfaces of studied nanocages are changed from - 2.95 to - 4.12 eV. Results indicated that the Ni-Ge 46 and Cr-Al 36 P 36 have higher capacities to deliver the flutamide and cyclophosphamide than other metal-doped nanocages. The Ni and Cr adoption increased the recovery time of complexes of flutamide and cyclophosphamide with metal-doped nanocages. The recovery time of flutamide and cyclophosphamide with studied nanocages is changed from 46.96 to 62.92 s. Results shown that the recovery time of complexes of flutamide and cyclophosphamide as anticancer drugs with Ni-C 46 , Ni-Ge 46 , Cr-C 72 , and Cr-Al 36 P 36 nanocages in this study is lower than other types of nanostructures including the C, Si, and AlN nanocages and C, Si, and BN nanotubes in previous works. The Ni-Ge 46 and Cr-Al 36 P 36 nanocages are proposed as effective nanostructures to deliver the flutamide and cyclophosphamide as anticancer drugs., Methods: In this study, structures of C 46 , Ge 46 , C 72 , Al 36 P 36 , Ni-C 46 , Ni-Ge 46 , Cr-C 72 , and Cr-Al 36 P 36 nanocages and complexes flutamide and cyclophosphamide with C 46 , Ge 46 , C 72 , Al 36 P 36 , Ni-C 46 , Ni-Ge 46 , Cr-C 72 , and Cr-Al 36 P 36 nanocages have been optimized by DFT method, PBE functional, and aug-cc-pVDZ basis set in GAMESS software. The adoption energy of Ni and Cr atoms on C 46 , Ge 46 , C 72 , and Al 36 P 36 and cohesive energy of C 46 , Ge 46 , C 72 , Al 36 P 36 , Ni-C 46 , Ni-Ge 46 , Cr-C 72 , and Cr-Al 36 P 36 nanocages are calculated. The thermodynamic parameters, band gap energy, and recovery time of complexes of nanostructures-flutamide and nanostructures-cyclophosphamide are calculated., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethical approval: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Consent for publication: I confirmed. Consent to participate: I confirmed. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Initially, 4,4'-(1,4-phenylene)di(sulfonic)pyridinium tetrachloroferrate (PDSPTCF) as a novel organic-inorganic hybrid salt was synthesized and identified by elemental mapping, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, vibrating-sample magnetometry, and thermal gravimetric (TG) techniques. Then, the catalytic performance of this hybrid salt was assessed for the producing benzo[a]benzo[6,7]chromeno[2,3-c]phenazine derivatives via one-pot multicomponent domino reaction (MDR) of benzene-1,2-diamine, 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione and aldehydes under optimal conditions (70 °C, solvent-free, 5 mol% PDSPTCF) in short reaction times and high yields. Highly efficacy of the PDSPTCF for the production of benzo[a]pyrano[2,3-c]phenazines can be assigned to the synergistic effect of Lewis and Brønsted acids, and having two positions of each acid (i.e., FeCl 4 - and -SO 3 H). In addition, this catalyst showed good reproducibility with six cycles of recycling., Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethical approval: This declaration is not applicable. Consent for publication: We have confirmed., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) continues to pose a global health concern, necessitating the exploration of innovative therapeutic approaches. In the recent decade, targeting tumor stroma consisting of extracellular matrix (ECM), immune cells, vascular system, hypoxia, and also suppressive mechanisms in HCC has attracted interest in repressing tumor growth and metastasis. Phytochemicals have attained considerable attention because of their manifold biological effects and high capacity for anticancer activities. These chemical agents have shown the capability to modulate different cells and secretions within the stroma of malignancies. In recent years, the development of nanoformulations has further enhanced the therapeutic potential of phytochemicals by improving their solubility, bioavailability, and targeted delivery to tumor tissues. This review aims to provide an encyclopedic overview of the potential of phytochemicals and their nanoformulations as promising therapeutic strategies for targeting HCC. The review initially highlights the broad array of phytochemicals exhibiting potent anticancer properties, including flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds, among others. Then, the nanoformulations and modification of these agents will be reviewed. Finally, we will review the latest experiments that have examined the modulation of HCC using adjuvant phytochemicals and their nanoformulations., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: There is no consensus based on the existing literature regarding the effect of aged garlic extract (AGE) on blood pressure. The present systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize existing data from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) concerning the impact of AGE supplementation on blood pressure in hypertensive patients., Methods: We searched English web databases including, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science until August 2024. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95 % CI for the outcomes., Results: Overall, nine RCTs with584 participants met inclusion criteria. AGE tea supplementation reduces systolic blood pressure (SBP) (WMD: -4.03; %95CI: -6.87, -1.20; I2: 57.1 %) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (WMD: -1.44; 95 % CI= -2.87, -0.02; P = 0.052; I 2 : 36.8 %; P: 0.105). Moreover, subgroup analysis indicated that higher doses of AGE supplementation in hypertensive patients significantly decreased DBP, and SBP., Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that AGE supplements may be beneficial for improving blood pressure in hypertensive patients, but significant effects are observed only at doses over 1200 mg/day. To confirm these results, well-designed future trials will be needed., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest There are no conflicts to declare., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

In our study, we have tried to enhance the biological qualities of nickel oxide nanoparticles and nanocomposites which were prepared using the extract of Aegle marmelos tree leaves and chitosan biopolymer. For in-depth study of the fabricated samples, numerous physiochemical approaches were utilized. The analysis used consists of field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis and photoluminescence, X-ray diffraction, UV-visible spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The crystallite size was measured to be about 9.36 nm and 39.5 nm for Ni-nanoparticles and Ni-nanocomposite respectively. Both, the Ni-nanoparticles and Ni-nanocomposites demonstrated effective antifungal properties toward the fungus strain of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The samples showed the strongest antifungal efficacy against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum at doses of 100 and 150 mg. The prepared samples also showed good photocatalytic degradation efficiencies for the commercial Rhodamine B dye. The synergistic features that have been found indicate that these bio-functionalized NiO-chitosan NCs may be suitable for the treatment of industrial wastewater and biomedical applications., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The human gut microbiome is a dynamic and intricate ecosystem, composed of trillions of microorganisms that play a pivotal role in maintaining overall health and well-being. However, the gut microbiome is constantly exposed to various environmental factors, including the bile produced by the liver, which can significantly impact its composition and function. Bile acids, secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, modulate the gut microbiome, influencing its composition and function. This altered microbiome profile can, in turn, impact the tumor microenvironment (TME), promoting an immunosuppressive environment that favors tumor growth and metastasis. Furthermore, changes in the gut microbiome can also influence the production of bile acids and other metabolites that directly affect cancer cells and their behavior. Moreover, bile acids have been shown to shape the microbiome and increase antibiotic resistance, underscoring the need for targeted interventions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the intricate relationships between bile, the gut microbiome, and the TME, highlighting the mechanisms by which this interplay drives cancer progression and resistance to therapy. Understanding these complex interactions is crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies that target the gut-bile-TME axis and improve patient outcomes., Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing Interests: None declared. Ethical Approval: Not applicable., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Yersinia pestis is the perilous pandemics that occurred in Asia and Europe. The bacterium has shown drug resistance that can cause the future pandemic and destroy the drug treatment against plague. As known, effective therapeutics such as designing potent vaccine that can aid world to protect against plague. The immunoinformatics approaches was implemented via different server. The 4 potent antigens (F1 capsule, LcrV, OmpA, and PH6) were listed as essential protein target for creating the multi-epitope vaccine. These targets were selected for designing multi-epitope vaccine that predicted the CTL and HTL epitopes. The vaccine construct included different linkers such as EAAAK, AAY, GPGPG, and SSL that an adjuvant (Beta defensin-3) inserted at N-terminal of vaccine. The computational physiochemical properties and other immunological analysis showed stable, soluble, antigen, non-allergen, and non-toxin. The molecular docking confirmed the stable binding and good interaction and the iMODS server showed the stable binding. Furthermore, computational immune simulation of multi-epitope vaccine showed that vaccine can stimulate adaptive and innate responses after second doses. In this study, the vaccine designed for Y. pestis that in future require immunological examination to unveil real efficiency., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 Published by Elsevier B.V.)

First, a Brønsted acid ionic liquid (BAIL) in the role of a double acid-base called 1,3-n-propyl-bipyridinium bisulfonic acid-ditrifluoroacetate (PBPBSDT) was produced, and its skeleton was determined via TGA, mass, 13 C NMR, 19 F NMR, 1 H NMR and FT-IR data. Further, it was successfully applied in the preparation of dibenzo-chromeno-phenazine-dione derivatives (1a-12a, 9-15 min, 90-98%) via one-pot multicomponent domino reaction among 2 mmol 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione, 1 mmol benzene-1,2-diamine, and 1 mmol aldehydes under optimal conditions (5 mol% of PBPBSDT, solvent-free, 60 °C). The proper reproducibility of the PBPBSDT homogeneous catalyst (5 times), solvent-free medium, reasonable TON (Turnover Number) and TOF (Turnover Frequency) numbers, the non-metallic framework of the catalyst, and the formation of C-N, C = N, C-C, C = C, C-O bonds in a single operation are the distinct advantages of this protocol., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Plant-derived carbon dots (P-CDs) are gaining attention in environmental remediation due to their cost-effectiveness, availability, and lower toxicity compared with chemically synthesized carbon dots. This review comprehensively examines the recent advancements in the synthesis and application of P-CDs, with a particular emphasis on their efficacy in the sensing of heavy metals, which are among the most pervasive environmental contaminants. A detailed comparative analysis is presented by evaluating the performance of P-CDs against their chemically synthesized counterparts based on key parameters, such as optimal operating conditions and detection limits. Furthermore, sensing the potential of P-CDs towards every heavy metal ion has been discussed with in-depth mechanistic insights. Additionally, this review explores the industrial applications and future directions of P-CDs. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of -P-CDs for heavy metal sensing, aiming to enhance their sensitivity and selectivity toward heavy metal ions.

A highly sensitive, portable, rapid, and accurate colorimetric sensing method is presented. It is based upon exfoliated g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets (E-g-C 3 N 4 NSs), having peroxidase nanozyme-like properties. The as-prepared catalyst (E-g-C 3 N 4 NSs) tends to oxidize the colorless tetramethyl-benzidine (TMB) into oxidized-TMB in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) generating a dark blue color and corresponding ultraviolet visible-spectral changes following a Michaelis-Menten kinetic. The prepared colorimetric sensor exhibited response within the range 0.001-0.450 μM having R 2 value of 0.999 and a detective limit (LOD) of 0.15 ± 0.04 nM. Furthermore, the sensor also displayed outstanding selectivity, ample stability (10 weeks), and excellent practicability in real sample applications. All these outstanding properties were highly attributed to the large surface area with exposed actives sites, high surface energy, and large conductive structure of E-g-C 3 N 4 NSs. For comparison of the catalytic study, we have also explored the sensing mechanism of B-g-C 3 N 4 , using the same optimized experimental conditions. Resultantly, we concluded that the proposed sensor (E-g-C 3 N 4 NSs) will gain considerable attention for on-site environmental and health monitoring in future endeavor., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.)

The most prevalent form of primary liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) poses a significant global health challenge due to its limited therapeutic options. Researchers are currently focused on the complex molecular landscape that governs the initiation and progression of HCC in order to identify new avenues for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. In the context of HCC, the Kinesin Superfamily Proteins (KIFs) have become critical regulators of cellular processes, prompting a growing interest in their function among the diverse array of molecular actors implicated in cancer. The KIFs, a family of microtubule-based molecular motors, are renowned for their essential roles in the dynamics of mitotic spindles and intracellular transport. Beyond their well-established functions in normal cellular physiology, emerging evidence indicates that dysregulation of KIFs significantly contributes to the pathogenesis of HCC. Novel therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers are revealed through the unique opportunity to comprehend the complex interplay between KIFs and the molecular events that drive HCC., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

The likelihood of survival for cancer patients has greatly improved due to chemotherapy medicines. However, these antitumor agents might also have unfavorable effects on the cardiovascular system, which could result in sudden or gradual cardiac failure. The production of free radicals that result in oxidative stress appears to be the key mechanism by which chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity (CIC) happens. Reports suggest that the Sirtuin-1 (Sirt1)/Nuclear factor E2-associated factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway has been considered an alternative path for counteracting cardiotoxicity by suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. This review concludes recent knowledge about CIC with a special focus on the anti-oxidative regulation properties of the Sirt1/Nrf2 pathway., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Breast cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related mortality globally, and its aggressive phenotype results in poor treatment outcomes. Growth Arrest-Specific 5 long non-coding RNA has attracted considerable attention due to its pivotal function in apoptosis regulation and tumor aggressiveness in breast cancer. Gas5 enhances apoptosis by regulating apoptotic proteins, such as caspases and BCL2 family proteins, and the sensitivity of BCCs to chemotherapeutic agents. At the same time, low levels of GAS5 increased invasion, metastasis, and overall tumor aggressiveness. GAS5 also regulates EMT markers, critical for cancer metastasis, and influences tumor cell proliferation by regulating various signaling components. As a result, GAS5 can be restored to suppress tumor development as a possible therapeutic strategy, which might present promising prospects for a patient's treatment. Its activity levels might also be a crucial indicator and diagnostic parameter for prediction. This review highlights the significant role of GAS5 in modulating apoptosis and tumor aggressiveness in breast cancer, emphasizing its potential as a therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment and management., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)