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There exists an interplay between borane and a Lewis base in their adducts. However, studies on these adducts so far have mainly focused on the different reactions of B-H bonds with limited attention given to the influence of borane on the chemistry of the Lewis base, except for BF 3 and BAr 3 . Herein, we have synthesized novel borane adducts with pyridine derivatives, Py·B 3 H 7 , in which the coordination of B 3 H 7 efficiently achieved the intra-molecular charge transfer. The strong B-N bond in these adducts resulted in the formation of stable dearomatic intermediates of pyridine derivatives, confirmed by 1 H and 11 B NMR spectroscopy, from which different reactions have transpired to realize C(sp 3 )-H and C(sp 2 )-H functionalization under mild conditions. The B 3 H 7 pyridine derivatives are stable and do not dissociate or decompose during the reaction process. The high stability of the B-N bond makes this method a good option for boron-containing drugs with potential for use in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT)., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

The BCN-heterocyclic B-N chain compounds, the sodium and potassium salts of 3 and 4 anions (Na 3 , Na 4 , and K 4 ), were synthesized by reactions of ethane 1,2-diamineborane (BH 3 NH 2 CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 BH 3 , 1 ) and propane 1,2-diamineborane (BH 3 NH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 BH 3 , 2 ) with MH (M = Na and K). Then, the neutral B-N chain compounds 5 and 6 were prepared with dehydrogenation of [NH 4 ] 3 and [NH 4 ] 4 , formed by metathesis reactions of Na 3 and Na 4 with NH 4 Cl or NH 4 SCN, respectively. Compounds 7 and 8 , analog 5 , were also prepared using pyridine and 4-methoxypyridine instead of NH 3 in 5 . These synthesized compounds were characterized spectroscopically, and the singe-crystal structures of the Na 3 ·18-crown-6 and K 4 ·18-crown-6 adducts were determined. Furthermore, the reactions of Na 3 and Na 4 with cationic B-N chain compounds, [NH 3 BH 2 NH 3 ]Cl and [NH 3 BH 2 NH 2 BH 2 NH 3 ]Cl, could not form longer BCN-heterocyclic B-N chain. The solubility of metal hydrides, the ability for proton abstracting, the basicity of Lewis bases, and the chelate effect may influence these reactions even though the reaction mechanism is not fully understood.

Porcine circoviruses (PCVs) are a significant cause of concern for swine health, with four genotypes currently recognized. Two of these, PCV3 and PCV4, have been detected in pigs across all age groups, in both healthy and diseased animals. These viruses have been associated with various clinical manifestations, including porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) and respiratory and enteric signs. In this study, we detected PCV3 and PCV4 in central China between January 2022 and February 2023. We tested fecal swabs and tissue samples from growing-finishing and suckling pigs with or without respiratory and systemic manifestations and found the prevalence of PCV3 to be 15.15% (15/99) and that of PCV3/PCV4 coinfection to be 4.04% (4/99). This relatively low prevalence might be attributed to the fact that most of the clinical samples were collected from pigs exhibiting respiratory signs, with only a few samples having been obtained from pigs with diarrhea. In some cases, PCV2 was also detected, and the coinfection rates of PCV2/3, PCV2/4, and PCV2/3/4 were 6.06% (6/99), 5.05% (5/99), and 3.03% (3/99), respectively. The complete genomic sequences of four PCV3 and two PCV4 isolates were determined. All four of the PCV3 isolates were of subtype PCV3b, and the two PCV4 isolates were of subtype PCV4b. Two mutations (A24V and R27K) were found in antibody recognition domains of PCV3, suggesting that they might be associated with immune escape. This study provides valuable insights into the molecular epidemiology and evolution of PCV3 and PCV4 that will be useful in future investigations of genotyping, immunogenicity, and immune evasion strategies., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.)

MN1 C-terminal truncation (MCTT) syndrome was first reported in 2020 and only 28 patients have been recorded to date. Since MCTT syndrome is a newly defined and rare syndrome with many clinical features, the present study reviewed the manifestations and management of oral and dental anomalies. Gene variants of MCTT syndrome and their positive phenotypes were summarised. The phenotypes of variants in two exons differed from each other mainly in the craniomaxillofacial region, including brain MRI abnormalities and palatal morphology. Pathogenic mechanisms, especially in craniofacial and oral anomalies, were discussed. Appropriate treatments in the stomatology and respiratory departments could improve the symptoms of MCTT syndrome. The different sites of MN1 gene variants may influence the clinical symptoms and there may be racial differences in MCTT syndrome. We recommend oral and pulmonary evaluations for the multidisciplinary treatment of MCTT syndrome.

An efficient method for the synthesis of M 2 B 10 H 14 (M = Na and K) has been developed. The two possible formation mechanisms of the B 10 H 14 2- anion are proposed, in which the NH 2 BH 3 - anion acts as a proton abstractor and a hydride donor. Furthermore, the B 10 H 13 - and B 10 H 15 - intermediates were detected.

Porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4) is a recently discovered circovirus that was first reported in 2019 in several pigs with severe clinical disease in Hunan province of China, and also identified in pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). To further investigate the epidemic profile and genetic characteristics of the two viruses, 150 clinical samples were collected from 9 swine farms in Shaanxi and Henan provinces of China, and a SYBR Green I-based duplex quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was developed for detecting PCV4 and PRRSV simultaneously. The results showed the limits of detection were 41.1 copies/μL and 81.5 copies/μL for PCV4 and PRRSV, respectively. The detection rates of PCV4 and PRRSV were 8.00% (12/150) and 12.00% (18/150) respectively, and a case of co-infection with PCV4 and PRRSV was found in the lung tissue of a suckling pig with respiratory symptom. Subsequently, the complete genomic sequences of five PCV4 strains were obtained, of which one PCV4 strain (SX-ZX) was from Shaanxi province, and these strains were 1770 nucleotides in length and had 97.7%-99.4% genomic identity with 59 PCV4 reference strains. The genome characteristic of the SX-ZX strain was evaluated from three aspects, a "stem-loop" structure, ORF1 and ORF2. As essential elements for the replication, the 17-bp iterative sequence was predicted as the stem structure, in which three non-tandem hexamers were found at downstream with H1/H2 (12-CGGCACACTTCGGCAC-27) as the minimal binding site. Three of the five PCV4 strains were clustered into PCV4b, which was composed of Suidae, fox, dairy cow, dog and raccoon dog. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that seven PRRSV strains from the present study were clustered into the PRRSV-2 genotype. Collectively, these data extend our understanding of the genome characteristic of PCV4 as well as the molecular epidemiology and the genetic profile of PCV4 and PRRSV., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Recent research has attracted considerable attention toward N-heterocyclic carbene-coordinated boranes (NHC-borane) and their B-substituted derivatives because of their unique characteristics. In the present work, we focused on the syntheses, structures, and reactivities of such types of amine complexes, [NHC·BH 2 NH 3 ]X ((NHC = IPr (1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) and IMe (1,3-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene); X = Cl, I, OTf). We have developed a synthetic method to access NHC·BH 2 NH 2 through the reaction of NaH with [IPr·BH 2 NH 3 ]I, which was synthesized by the reaction of IPr·BH 2 I with NH 3 . As a Lewis base, NHC·BH 2 NH 2 could further react with HCl or HOTf to produce the corresponding salts of [IPr·BH 2 NH 3 ] + . IPr·BH 2 NH 2 BH 2 X (X = Cl, I) were synthesized by the reaction of HCl/I 2 with IPr·BH 2 NH 2 BH 3 and then converted to [IPr·BH 2 NH 2 BH 2 ·IPr]X (X = Cl, I) by reacting with IPr. The IMe-coordinated boranes reacted quite similarly. The preliminary results revealed that the introduction of the NHC molecule has a considerable impact on the solubility and reactivities of aminoboranes.

Porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4) is a recently discovered circovirus that was first reported in 2019 in several pigs in Hunan province of China and has also been identified in pigs infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). To further investigate the coinfection and genetic diversity of these two viruses, 65 clinical samples (including feces and intestinal tissues) were collected from diseased piglets on 19 large-scale pig farms in Henan province of China, and a duplex SYBR Green I-based quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay was developed for detecting PEDV and PCV4 simultaneously. The results showed that the limit of detection was 55.2 copies/μL and 44.1 copies/μL for PEDV and PCV4, respectively. The detection rate for PEDV and PCV4 was 40% (26/65) and 38% (25/65), respectively, and the coinfection rate for the two viruses was 34% (22/65). Subsequently, the full-length spike (S) gene of eight PEDV strains and a portion of the genome containing the capsid (Cap) gene of three PCV4 strains were sequenced and analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all of the PEDV strains from the present study clustered in the G2a subgroup and were closely related to most of the PEDV reference strains from China from 2011 to 2021, but they differed genetically from a vaccine strain (CV777), a Korean strain (virulent DR1), and two Chinese strains (SD-M and LZC). It is noteworthy that two PEDV strains (HEXX-24 and HNXX-24XIA) were identified in one sample, and the HNXX-24XIA strain had a large deletion at amino acids 31-229 of the S protein. Moreover, a recombination event was observed in strain HEXX-24. Phylogenetic analysis based on the amino acid sequence of the PCV4 Cap protein revealed that PCV4 strains were divided into three genotypes: PCV4a1, PCV4a2, and PCV4b. Three strains in the present study belonged to PCV4a1, and they had a high degree of sequence similarity (>98% identity) to other PCV4 reference strains. This study not only provides technical support for field investigation of PEDV and PCV4 coinfection but also provides data for their prevention and control., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.)

Objective: To screen the prognostic biomarkers of metabolic genes in patients with multiple myeloma (MM), and construct a prognostic model of metabolic genes., Methods: The histological database related to MM patients was searched. Data from MM patients and healthy controls with complete clinical information were selected for analysis.The second generation sequencing data and clinical information of bone marrow tissue of MM patients and healthy controls were collected from human protein atlas (HPA) and multiple myeloma research foundation (MMRF) databases. The gene set of metabolism-related pathways was extracted from Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB) by Perl language. The biomarkers related to MM metabolism were screened by difference analysis, univariate Cox risk regression analysis and LASSO regression analysis, and the risk prognostic model and Nomogram were constructed. Risk curve and survival curve were used to verify the grouping effect of the model. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to study the difference of biological pathway enrichment between high risk group and low risk group. Multivariate Cox risk regression analysis was used to verify the independent prognostic ability of risk score., Results: A total of 8 mRNAs which were significantly related to the survival and prognosis of MM patients were obtained ( P <0.01). As molecular markers, MM patients could be divided into high-risk group and low-risk group. Survival curve and risk curve showed that the overall survival time of patients in the low-risk group was significantly better than that in the high risk group ( P <0.001). GSEA results showed that signal pathways related to basic metabolism, cell differentiation and cell cycle were significantly enriched in the high-risk group, while ribosome and N polysaccharide biosynthesis signaling pathway were more enriched in the low-risk group. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the risk score composed of the eight metabolism-related genes could be used as an independent risk factor for the prognosis of MM patients, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) showed that the molecular signatures of metabolism-related genes had the best predictive effect., Conclusion: Metabolism-related pathways play an important role in the pathogenesis and prognosis of patients with MM. The clinical significance of the risk assessment model for patients with MM constructed based on eight metabolism-related core genes needs to be confirmed by further clinical studies.

Porcine circovirus-like virus (PCLV) is a recently discovered virus that may be associated with diarrhea in pigs. To investigate the epidemic profile and genetic characteristics of this virus, 175 clinical samples (141 intestinal samples, 17 blood samples, and 17 fecal samples) were collected from diseased piglets during outbreaks of diarrhea from 33 pig farms in 19 cities of Henan and Shanxi provinces of China between 2016 and 2021 and were screened by PCR for the presence of PCLV. The results showed that the positive rate for PCLV was 32% (56/175) at the sample level, 60.6% (20/33) at the farm level, and 57.9% (11/19) at the city level, which varied from 5.88% to 44.12% between 2016 and 2021. It was also found that PCLV occurred in coinfections with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), PCV3, PCV4, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, but no nucleic acids were detected for transmissible gastroenteritis virus, porcine deltacoronavirus, or porcine rotavirus in piglets with diarrhea. Notably, PCLV was detected in 13 diarrheal piglets from four different farms that were negative for the other porcine viruses. These findings suggest that PCLV may be associated with porcine diarrhea and that it has been circulating in piglets in Henan and Shanxi provinces of China. In addition, the complete genomes of 13 PCLV strains were sequenced and found to share 35.4%-91.0% nucleotide sequence identity with sequences available in the GenBank database. Phylogenetic analysis based on Rep amino acid sequences revealed that the 13 PCLV strains from this study clustered in group 1 and were closely related to eight Chinese PCLV strains, Bo-Circo-like virus CH, American strains 21 and 22, and Hungarian strains 288&#95;4 and 302&#95;4, but they differed genetically from seven other foreign PCLV strains. The whole genome and rep gene of 13 PCLV strains in this study were 72.2%-82% and 83.8%-89.7% identical, respectively, to those of Bo-Circo-like virus strain CH, indicating that PCLV is a novel virus in pigs that may be involved in cross-species transmission. Evidence of a recombination event was found in the rep region of the 13 PCLV strains sequenced. This study enriches the epidemiological data on PCLV infection in pigs in China and lays a foundation for further study on the pathogenesis of PCLV., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.)

Deuterium water (D 2 O) is a strategic material that is widely used in and scientific research and has applications in fields such as nuclear energy generation. However, its content in natural water is extremely low. Therefore, the development of a room-temperature technology for achieving simple, efficient, and low-cost separation of D 2 O from natural water is challenging. In this study, porous graphene (PG) nanosheets with "crater-like" pores are sandwiched between two layers of graphene oxide (GO) membranes to prepare a GO/PG/GO membrane with a macroscopic heterostructure, which can be used to separate D 2 O and H 2 O by pressure-driven filtration. At 25 °C, the rejection rate of D 2 O is ≈97%, the selectivity of H 2 O/D 2 O is ≈35.2, and the excellent performance can be attributed to the difference of transmembrane resistance and flow state of H 2 O and D 2 O in the confinement state. In addition, the D 2 O concentration in natural water is successfully enriched from 0.013% to 0.059% using only one stage, and the membrane exhibits excellent structural and cycling stability. Therefore, this method does not require ultralow temperatures, high energy supplies, complex separation equipment, or the introduction of toxic chemicals. Thus, it can be directly applied to the large-scale industrial production and removal of D 2 O., (© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4), a novel porcine circovirus identified in pigs, has recently been proved to be pathogenic to piglets. However, little is known about its cross-species transmission, and demonstration of PCV4 in dairy cows is lacking. To explore whether the PCV4 genome exists in dairy cows, 1170 fecal samples were collected from dairy farms in 7 cities in Henan Province of China during 2012-2021, and screened by qPCR for the presence of PCVs (PCV2-PCV4). The detection results showed that the positive rate of PCV4 in dairy cows was 2.22 % (26/1170), but all fecal samples were negative for PCV2 and PCV3. Three full-length and five partial genomes of PCV4 strains were acquired, of which two PCV4 strains (NY2012-DC and XC2013-DC) were achieved from 2012 and 2013, indicating that PCV4 has been circulating in dairy cows in Henan Province of China for at least 10 years. The three PCV4 strains sequenced in this study shared high identity (97.5-99.5 %) with reference strains at the genome level. In phylogenetic analysis, three genotypes (PCV4a, PCV4b and PCV4c) were temporarily confirmed by analyzing 44 strains, and one amino acid variation in Rep (V239L) and three amino acid variations in Cap (N27S, R28G and M212L) were considered as a conserved genotype specific molecular marker. Analyzed from three perspectives (cross-time, cross-species and transboundary), the high nucleotide homology of PCV4 strains indicated the PCV4 evolutionary rate might be slow. Overall, this study was the first to report the detection of PCV4 in dairy cows and conducted a long-term retrospective investigation of PCV4 in Henan Province of China, which has important implications for understanding the genetic diversity and cross-species transmission of the ongoing PCV4 cases., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Zn-based alloys are considered as new kind of potential biodegradable implanted biomaterials recently. The difficulty of metal implanted biomaterials and bone tissue integration seriously affects the applications of metal implanted scaffolds in bone tissue-related fields. Herein, we self-designed Zn0.8Mn and Zn0.8Mn0.1Li alloys and CaP coated Zn0.8Mn and Zn0.8Mn0.1Li alloys, then evaluated the degradation property and cytocompatibility. The results demonstrated that the Zn0.8Mn0.1Li alloys had profoundly modified the degradation property and cytocompatibility, but Zn0.8Mn0.1Li alloys had particularly adverse effects on the surface morphology of osteoblasts. The results furtherly showed that the CaP-coated Zn0.8Mn and Zn0.8Mn0.1Li alloys scaffold had better biocompatibility, which would further guarantee the biosafety of this new kind of biodegradable Zn-based alloys implants for future clinical applications., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Qiang, Lv, Hou, Luo, Li, Liu, Meng, Du, Zhang, Chen and Liu.)

The design, synthesis, and applications of new boranes are eternal topics in boron chemistry. A new bis(borane)alkanethiolate salt, K[BH 3 S(CH 3 )BH 3 ], was synthesized in high yield by the reaction of K with (CH 3 ) 2 S·BH 3 at room temperature. The formation mechanism was elucidated based on experimental and theoretical studies. The single-crystal structure of the K[BH 3 S(CH 3 )BH 3 ]·18-crown-6 adduct was determined in which the B-S-B bonding information of K[BH 3 S(CH 3 )BH 3 ] was illustrated for the first time. Using K[BH 3 S(CH 3 )BH 3 ] as a starting material, KB 3 H 8 was successfully synthesized.

All-solid-state potassium batteries are promising candidates in the fields of large-scale energy storage owing to their intrinsic safety, stability, and cost-effectiveness. However, a suitable solid-state electrolyte with high ionic conductivity and favorable interfacial stability is a major challenge for the design and development of these batteries. Herein, we report the synthesis of new KB 3 H 8 · n NH 3 B 3 H 7 ( n = 0.5 and 1) complexes to develop suitable solid-state K-ion conductors for batteries. Both the complexes undergo a reversible phase transition below the thermal decomposition temperature. The optimal KB 3 H 8 ·NH 3 B 3 H 7 delivers a solid-state K-ion conductivity of 1.3 × 10 -4 S cm -1 at 55 °C with an activation energy of 0.44 eV after a transition from a monoclinic to an orthorhombic phase, which is the highest value of K borohydrides reported to date and places KB 3 H 8 ·NH 3 B 3 H 7 among the leading solid-state K-ion conductors. Moreover, KB 3 H 8 ·NH 3 B 3 H 7 reveals a K-ion transference number of nearly 0.93, an electrochemical stability window of 1.2 to 3.5 V vs K + /K, a good capability of K dendrite suppression, and a remarkable stability against the K metal anode due to the formation of the stable interface. These performances make KB 3 H 8 ·NH 3 B 3 H 7 a promising electrolyte for all-solid-state potassium batteries.

All-solid-state K batteries are ideal energy storage devices for grid-scale applications of renewable energies. A novel electrolyte K[B 3 H 7 NH 2 BH 2 NH 2 B 3 H 7 ] with weakly coordinating anions was synthesized. It has a high K + conductivity of 1.01 × 10 -4 S cm -1 at 75 °C, which is probably due to the increased electrostatic potential and size of the anions.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is the major pathogen that causes diarrhea and high mortality in newborn piglets, with devastating impact on the pig industry. To further understand the molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of PEDV field strains, in this study the complete genomes of four PEDV variants (HN2021, CH-HNYY-2018, CH-SXWS-2018, and CH-HNKF-2016) obtained from immunized pig farms in central China between 2016 to 2021 were characterized and analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis of the genome and S gene showed that the four strains identified in the present study had evolved into the subgroup G2a, but were distant from the vaccine strain CV777. Additionally, it was noteworthy that a new PEDV strain (named HN2021) belonging to the G2a PEDV subgroup was successfully isolated in vitro and it was further confirmed by RT-PCR that this isolate had a large natural deletion at 207-373 nt of the ORF3 gene, which has never been reported before. Particularly, in terms of pathogenicity evaluation, colostrum deprivation piglets challenged with PEDV HN2021 showed severe diarrhea and high mortality, confirming that PEDV HN2021 was a virulent strain. Hence, PEDV strain HN2021 of subgroup G2a presents a promising vaccine candidate for the control of recurring porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) in China. This study lays the foundation for better understanding of the genetic evolution and molecular pathogenesis of PEDV.

Porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4) was identified as a novel porcine circovirus in China in 2019. To investigate the prevalence and genetic characteristics of PCV2 and PCV4, 133 clinical samples (103 tissue samples and 30 serum samples) were collected from 30 different pig farms in Henan province of China, and a SYBR Green I-based duplex quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay was established to detect PCV2 and PCV4 genomes simultaneously. The complete genome sequences of 20 PCV2 and 6 PCV4 strains from 19 and 6 clinical samples respectively were sequenced and analyzed. The results showed the detection limits of this assay were 80.2 copies/μL for PCV2 and 58.6 copies/μL for PCV4. The detection results of clinical samples revealed the PCV2 positive rate was 63.16% (84/133), the PCV4 positive rate was 33.33% (45/133), and the PCV2 and PCV4 co-infection positive rate was 21.05% (28/133). Among 20 PCV2 strains, 6 belonged to PCV2a, 6 belonged to PCV2b and 8 belonged to PCV2d. Co-infection with JZ1 (PCV2b) and JZ2 (PCV2d) strains was identified in one sample (JZ-1). Eleven putative recombination events were found through the recombination analysis, suggesting that the new PCV2 variant strains had circulated in Henan province, which contributes to our understanding of evolutionary characteristics of PCV2 in China. The possible genotypes of PCV4 strains were determined based on genomic sequences of 6 PCV4 strains in this study and 29 PCV4 reference strains available at GenBank. According to three different phylogenetic trees (ORF1, ORF2 and complete genome), all 35 PCV4 strains were clustered into two major genotypes (PCV4a and PCV4b), and 6 PCV4 strains in this study belonged to PCV4a. Additionally, the functional regions of PCV4 strains were predicted by comparison with other circoviruses, which are conducive to the further study of the biological functions of PCV4 genome., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Improved methods for the synthesis of KB 3 H 8 , NH 3 B 3 H 7 , and N -alkyl analogues of NH 3 B 3 H 7 have been developed based on previous works. KB 3 H 8 was synthesized by the reaction of metallic potassium (K) with borane dimethyl sulfide ((CH 3 ) 2 S·BH 3 ) with high yield and atom-economy. In the preparation of NH 3 B 3 H 7 and its N -alkyl analogues, KB 3 H 8 served as a starting material and was converted to THF·B 3 H 7 first through reactions with HCl diethyl ether solution or oxidation agent CoCl 2 . Then, the formed THF·B 3 H 7 in situ reacted with the corresponding ammonia or amines to form the amine borane final products. This work paves an alternative way for preparing organic-inorganic hybrid materials containing B, N, and C atoms.

The high heterogeneity of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the main obstacle for individualized treatment. Recognizing the characteristics of different subtypes and investigating the promising strategies for each subclass are of great significance in precise treatment. In this study, we systematically evaluated hypoxia-mediated patterns together with immune characteristics of 309 OSCC patients in the TCGA training set and 97 patients in the GSE41613 testing set. We further identified two different hypoxia subtypes with distinct immune microenvironment traits and provided treatment programs for the two subclasses. In order to assess hypoxia level individually, we finally constructed a hypoxia-related risk score, which could predict the clinical outcome and immunotherapy response of OSCC patients. In summary, the recognition of different hypoxia patterns and the establishment of hypoxia-related risk score might enhance our understanding of the tumor microenvironment of OSCC and provide more personalized treatment strategies in the future., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Li, Chen, Ren, Chen, Chen, Yu, Ran, Kang, Chen and Zhao.)

A safe and efficient synthetic method for MB 3 H 8 (M = Na, K, Rb and Cs) has been developed with excellent yields by directly reacting the corresponding MBH 4 with the dimethyl sulfide borane complex (DMS·BH 3 ). A general mechanism for constructing B 3 H 8 - , a basic unit for building polyhedral boranes, has been unravelled.

We have synthesized the tetrabutylammonium ([Bu 4 N] + ), tetraethylammonium ([Et 4 N] + ), guanidinium ([C(NH 2 ) 3 ] + ), and methylguanidinium ([C(N 3 H 5 CH 3 )] + ) salts of the [BH 3 (NH 2 BH 2 ) 2 H] - anion, a five-membered B/N anionic chain, in high yields by the metathesis reactions of Na[BH 3 (NH 2 BH 2 ) 2 H] with the corresponding halides and characterized them by NMR ( 11 B, 11 B{ 1 H}, 1 H, 1 H{ 11 B}, 13 C), IR, elemental analysis, TGA-DSC, and TGA-MS. These complexes behave like ionic liquids (ILs), in which the melting point of the [Bu 4 N][BH 3 (NH 2 BH 2 ) 2 H] is the lowest (-51 °C). The dehydrogenation of these ILs have been studied through the thermal decomposition and catalytic hydrolysis in aqueous solution using the noble or non-noble metals or their salts as catalysts, and the results indicate that these ILs of five-membered B/N anionic chain are promising hydrogen storage materials., (© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Objective: To analyze and predict the effect of coronavirus infection on hematopoietic system and potential intervention drugs, and explore their significance for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)., Methods: The gene expression omnibus (GEO) database was used to screen the whole genome expression data related with coronavirus infection. The R language package was used for differential expression analysis and KEGG/GO enrichment analysis. The core genes were screened by PPI network analysis using STRING online analysis website. Then the self-developed apparent precision therapy prediction platform (EpiMed) was used to analyze diseases, drugs and related target genes., Results: A database in accordance with the criteria was found, which was derived from SARS coronavirus. A total of 3606 differential genes were screened, including 2148 expression up-regulated genes and 1458 expression down-regulated genes. GO enrichment mainly related with viral infection, hematopoietic regulation, cell chemotaxis, platelet granule content secretion, immune activation, acute inflammation, etc. KEGG enrichment mainly related with hematopoietic function, coagulation cascade reaction, acute inflammation, immune reaction, etc. Ten core genes such as PTPRC, ICAM1, TIMP1, CXCR5, IL-1B, MYC, CR2, FSTL1, SOX1 and COL3A1 were screened by protein interaction network analysis. Ten drugs with potential intervention effects, including glucocorticoid, TNF-α inhibitor, salvia miltiorrhiza, sirolimus, licorice, red peony, famciclovir, cyclosporine A, houttuynia cordata, fluvastatin, etc. were screened by EpiMed plotform., Conclusion: SARS coronavirus infection can affect the hematopoietic system by changing the expression of a series of genes. The potential intervention drugs screened on these grounds are of useful reference significance for the basic and clinical research of COVID-19.

The reactions of sodium amidoborane (NaNH 2 BH 3 ) with NiBr 2 have been investigated, and the results showed that black precipitate 1 including the NiBNH x composites could be obtained. From the aqueous solution of the precipitate 1 , the hydrolysis product Ni-B ( 2 ) was isolated and characterized. Both the in situ formed precipitate 1 and the hydrolysis product 2 can catalyze the formation of Na[BH 3 (NH 2 BH 2 ) 2 H]. CoCl 2 showed comparable performance with NiBr 2 . Based on these results, a facile method for the synthesis of Na[BH 3 (NH 2 BH 2 ) 2 H] has been developed. This work provides insights into studying experimental methods for the synthesis of long B/N chain complexes and developing boron and nitrogen chemistry.

A general approach for the synthesis of covalent and ionic amine borane complexes containing trinitromethyl fragments has been developed through metathesis reactions between amine chloroborane complexes and potassium salt of trinitromethyl (K[C(NO 2 ) 3 ]). Five covalent and ionic trinitromethyl amine borane complexes have been synthesized in good yields with high purity and it is found that the ionic complex, [H 2 B(NH 3 ) 2 ][C(NO 2 ) 3 ], might be a promising energetic material on the basis of the investigation of its thermal decomposition behaviour., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Herein, a highly regioselective propargylic benzylation with propargylic carbonates and benzyl 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives was developed via a photoredox/palladium dual-catalyzed process, which represents a novel catalytic model for non-terminal propargylic functionalization. The reaction showed excellent regioselectivity and functional group compatibility. A radical coupling mechanism between the propargylic radical and benzyl radical was proposed.

Palladium catalyzed visible-light-mediated borylation of inactivated aryl and alkyl halides is reported; the method provided high yields and excellent functional group compatibility. Furthermore, arylsilicates were synthesized selectively using dimethylphenylsilyl boronic ester via changing the reaction conditions. Finally, the possible reaction mechanism is determined through fluorescence quenching and turn on/off experiments.

Correction for 'Unravelling a general mechanism of converting ionic B/N complexes into neutral B/N analogues of alkanes: Hδ+Hδ- dihydrogen bonding assisted dehydrogenation' by Xi-Meng Chen et al., Chem. Commun., 2019, 55, 12239-12242.

B/N anionic aminoborane linear or branched chain complexes, [BH3(NH2BH2)nH]- (n = 1, 2, and 3) and [BH(NH2BH3)3]-, have been synthesized through the controlled reactions of ammonia borane (NH3BH3) with NaH by adjusting the reactant ratios and reaction temperatures. The possible reaction mechanisms were elucidated based on experimental and theoretical studies.

Long-sought mechanisms for the conversion of diammoniate of diborane ([NH3BH2NH3]+[BH4]-) into NH3BH3 and [NH2BH2]n as well as ammonium aminodiborane ([NH4]+[BH3NH2BH3]-) into a butane analogue, NH3BH2NH2BH3, have been elucidated on the basis of extensive experimental and theoretical studies. The [NH4]+ ammonium cation and the (η2-H2)BH2R moiety are found to be critical in B/N chain expansion.

Octahydridoborate, i.e. [B 3 H 8 ] - containing compounds, have recently attracted interest for hydrogen storage. In the present study, the structural, hydrogen storage, and ion conductivity properties of KB 3 H 8 have been systematically investigated. Two distinct polymorphic transitions are identified for KB 3 H 8 from a monoclinic (α) to an orthorhombic (α') structure at 15 °C via a second-order transition and eventually to a cubic (β) structure at 30 °C by a first-order transition. The β-polymorph of KB 3 H 8 displays a high degree of disorder of the [B 3 H 8 ] - anion, which facilitates increased cation mobility, reaching a K + conductivity of ∼10 -7 S cm -1 above 100 °C. β-KB 3 H 8 starts to release hydrogen at ∼160 °C, simultaneously with the release of B 5 H 9 and trace amounts of B 2 H 6 . KBH 4 and K 3 (BH 4 )(B 12 H 12 ) are identified as crystalline decomposition products above 200 °C, and the formation of a KBH 4 deficient structure of K 3-x (BH 4 ) 1-x (B 12 H 12 ) is observed at elevated temperature. The hydrogen-uptake properties of a KB 3 H 8 -2KH composite have been examined under 380 bar H 2 , resulting in the formation of KBH 4 at T≥ 150 °C along with higher metal hydridoborates, i.e. K 2 B 9 H 9 , K 2 B 10 H 10 , and K 2 B 12 H 12 .

An efficient synthetic method for MB3H8 (M = Li and Na) has been developed with improved yields on the basis of the investigation of the interconversion between THF·B3H7 and corresponding MB3H8. The mechanism was tentatively proposed based on the understanding of the nucleophilicity of the B-H bonding pair electrons.

Objective: To analyze the molecular markers associated with occurrence, development and poor prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by using the data of GEO and TCGA database, as well as multiomics analysis., Methods: The transcriptome data meeting requirements were down-loaded from GEO database, the differentially expressed genes were screened by using the R language limma package, and the GO function enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis were performed for differentially expressed genes, at the same time, the protein interaction network was contracted by using STRING database and cytoscape software to screen out the hub gene, then the prognosis analysis was carried out for hub gene by combination with the clinical information affected in TCGA database., Results: 620 differentially expressed genes were screened out, among which 162 differentially expressed genes were up-regulated, and 458 differentially expressed genes were down-regulated. Based on the results of GO functional enrichment, the KEGG pathway enrichment and protein interaction network, CXCL4, CXCR4, CXCR1, CXCR2, CCL5 and JUN were selected as hub genes. The survival analysis showed that the high expression of CXCL4, CXCR1, and CCL5 was a risk factor for poor prognosis of patiants., Conclusion: CXCL4, CXCR1 and CCL5 can be used as biomarkers for the occurrence and development of AML, which relateds with the unfavorable prognosis and can provide a basis for further study.

A facile synthesis of heavy alkali metal octahydrotriborates (MB 3 H 8 ; M=K, Rb, and Cs) has been developed. It is simply based on reactions of the pure alkali metals with THF⋅BH 3 , does not require the use of electron carriers or the addition of other reaction media such as mercury, silica gel, or inert salts as for previous procedures, and delivers the desired products at room temperature in very high yields. However, no reactions were observed when pure Li or Na was used. The reaction mechanisms for the heavy alkali metals were investigated both experimentally and computationally. The low sublimation energies of K, Rb, and Cs were found to be key for initiation of the reactions. The syntheses can be carried out at room temperature because all of the elementary reaction steps have low energy barriers, whereas reactions of LiBH 4 /NaBH 4 with THF⋅BH 3 have to be carried out under reflux. The high stability and solubility of KB 3 H 8 were examined, and a crystal structure thereof was obtained for the first time., (© 2019 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

Objective: To screen genes associated with poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to explore the clinical significance of these genes., Methods: The proper expression profile data of HCC was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by differential expression analysis. The DAVID and String database were used for function enrichment analysis and to construct the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network respectively. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the Cox Proportional Hazard Model were used for prognosis analysis of the DEGs., Results: A eligible human HCC data set (GSE84402) met the requirements. A total of 1141 differentially expressed genes were identified, including 720 up-regulated and 421 down-regulated genes. The results of function enrichment analysis and PPI network performed that CDK1、CDC6、CCNA2、CHEK1、CENPE 、PIK3R1、RACGAP1、BIRC5、KIF11 and CYP2B6 were prognosis key genes. And the prognosis analysis showed that the expressions of CDC6、PIK3R1、KIF11 and RACGAP1 were increased, and the expression of CENPE was decreased, which was closely related to prognosis of HCC., Conclusion: CDC6、CENPE、PIK3R1、KIF11 and RACGAP1 may be closely related to poor prognosis of HCC, and can be used as molecular biomarkers for future research of HCC prognosis.

Objective: To investigate the prognosis-related miRNA histological features and clinical significance of lung adenocarcinoma., Methods: Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data, the miRNA expression profile data of human lung adenocarcinoma were searched for differential analysis, and the prognosis-related miRNAs were screened by Cox risk regression model. The targeted miRNAs were predicted by mirwalk analysis platform, KEGG functional enrichment analysis, and finally, predict the function of prognosis-related miRNAs., Results: A total of 46 differential miRNAs in lung adenocarcinoma were screened, including 19 up-regulated and 27 down-regulated. Six prognostic-related miRNAs were screened by Cox survival analysis, namely hsa-mir-21, hsa-mir-142, hsa-mir-200a high expression, hsa-mir-101, hsa-let-7c, hsa-mir-378e low expression, hsa-mir-21 and hsa-mir-378e were associated with poor prognosis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma, and the survival time was shortened significantly ( P <0.05, AUC=0.618). KEGG analysis showed that the above prognosis-related miRNA targeting regulatory genes were related with immune response pathways, miRNA and cancer pathways, metabolic pathways and so on., Conclusions: Hsa-mir-21 and hsa-mir-378e are associated with poor prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma, and may be used as a molecular marker for prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma after further clinical verification.

Boron compounds are well-known electrophiles. Much less known are their nucleophilic properties. By recognition of the nucleophilicity of the B-H bond, the formation mechanism of octahydrotriborate (B 3 H 8 - ) was elucidated on the bases of both experimental and computational investigations. Two possible routes from the reaction of BH 4 - and THF·BH 3 to B 3 H 8 - were proposed, both involving the B 2 H 6 and BH 4 - intermediates. The two pathways consist of a set of complicated intermediates, which can convert to each other reversibly at room temperature and can be represented by a reaction circle. Only under reflux can the B 2 H 6 and BH 4 - intermediates be converted to B 2 H 5 - and BH 3 (H 2 ) via a high energy barrier, from which H 2 elimination occurs to yield the B 3 H 8 - final product. The formation of B 2 H 6 from THF·BH 3 by nucleophilic substitution of the B-H bond was captured and identified, and the reaction of B 2 H 6 with BH 4 - to produce B 3 H 8 - was confirmed experimentally. On the bases of the formation mechanisms of B 3 H 8 - , we have developed a facile synthetic method for MB 3 H 8 (M = Li and Na) in high yields by directly reacting the corresponding MBH 4 salts with THF·BH 3 . In the new synthetic method for MB 3 H 8 , no electron carriers are needed, allowing convenient preparation of MB 3 H 8 in large scales and paving the way for their wide applications.