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Non-homogeneous enzyme-catalyzed systems are more widely used than homogeneous systems. Distinguished from the conventional biphasic approach, Pickering emulsion stabilized by ultrafine solid particles opens up an innovative platform for biocatalysis. Their vast specific surface area significantly enhances enzyme-substrate interactions, dramatically increasing catalytic efficiency. This review comprehensively explores various aspects of Pickering emulsion biocatalysis, provides insights into the multiple types and mechanisms of its catalysis, and offers strategies for material design, enzyme immobilization, emulsion formation control, and reactor design. Characterization methods are summarized for the determination of drop size, emulsion type, interface morphology, and emulsion potential. Furthermore, recent reports on the design of stimuli-responsive reaction systems are reviewed, enabling the simple control of demulsification. Moreover, the review explores applications of Pickering emulsion in single-step, cascade, and continuous flow reactions and outlines the challenges and future directions for the field. Overall, we provide a review focusing on Pickering emulsions catalysis, which can draw the attention of researchers in the field of catalytic system design, further empowering next-generation bioprocessing., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The efficient detection of Fe 3+ and MnO 4 - in a water environment is very important and challenging due to their harmful effects on the health of humanity and environmental systems. Good biocompatibility, sensitivity, selectivity, and superior photophysical properties were important attributes of carbon dot-based CDs sensors for sensing applications. In this work, we synthesized N, P- co -doped carbon dots (N/P CDs) with guanosine 5'-monophosphate (GMP) as a green carbon source, with high fluorescence quantum yield in water (QY, 53.72%). First, the luminescent N/P CDs showed a three-state "on-off-on" fluorescence response upon the sequential addition of Fe 3+ and F - , with a low detection limit of 12 nM for Fe 3+ and 8.5 nM for F - , respectively. Second, the N/P CDs also exhibited desirable selectivity and sensitivity for toxic MnO 4 - detection with the limit of detection of 18.2 nM, through a turn-off mechanism. Moreover, the luminescent N/P CDs successfully monitored the aforementioned ions in environmental water samples and in Escherichia coli ., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Wang, Liu, Nong, Song, Zhang, Shen, Jian, Chen, Li and Xu.)