1. Millingtonia hortensis L.f. ethanol extract exerts in vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory activities through inhibition of Syk kinase in NF-κB pathway.
- Author
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Liu Y, Kim JH, Lim HK, Huang L, Choi W, Kopalli SR, Lee S, Lee BH, Lee JH, Ju Y, Lee J, and Cho JY
- Subjects
- Animals, RAW 264.7 Cells, Mice, Humans, HEK293 Cells, Male, Gastritis drug therapy, Cytokines metabolism, Cell Survival drug effects, Solvents chemistry, Toll-Like Receptor 4 metabolism, Syk Kinase metabolism, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Anti-Inflammatory Agents pharmacology, Anti-Inflammatory Agents isolation & purification, NF-kappa B metabolism, Ethanol chemistry, Nitric Oxide metabolism, Signal Transduction drug effects
- Abstract
Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Millingtonia hortensis L.f., commonly known as tree jasmine or Indian cork tree, is native to South Asia and Southeast Asia. Traditionally, its stem bark, leaves, and roots are employed for pulmonary, gastrointestinal, and antimicrobial purposes, while the flowers are used in treating asthma and sinusitis., Aim of the Study: The underlying anti-inflammatory mechanisms of M. hortensis remain relatively unexplored. Therefore, we studied the anti-inflammatory effects of M. hortensis and the molecular mechanisms of its ethanol extracts (Mh-EE) both in vitro and in vivo., Materials and Methods: Nitric oxide (NO) production was assessed using Griess reagent, while cell viability of RAW264.7 cell and HEK293T cells were determined via the MTT assay. Constituent analysis of Mh-EE using GC/MS-MS and HPLC, and mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines was measured through PCR and RT-PCR. Protein levels were analyzed using western blotting. The thermal stability of Mh-EE was evaluated by CESTA. Lastly, a gastritis in vivo model was induced by HCl/EtOH, and protein expression levels were measured using western blotting., Results: Mh-EE significantly reduced NO production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells without substantially affecting cell viability. Additionally, Mh-EE decreased the expression of proinflammatory factors, such as iNOS, IL-1β and COX2. Furthermore, Mh-EE downregulated TLR4 expression, altered MyD88 recruitment, and suppressed phosphorylation of Syk, IKKα, IκBα and AKT. Simultaneously, Mh-EE also attenuated NF-κB signaling in HCl/EtOH-induced mice., Conclusions: Mh-EE exerts anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing p-Syk in the NF-κB pathway, and it has potential as a novel treatment agent for inflammatory diseases., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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