Hurton LV, Singh H, Najjar AM, Switzer KC, Mi T, Maiti S, Olivares S, Rabinovich B, Huls H, Forget MA, Datar V, Kebriaei P, Lee DA, Champlin RE, and Cooper LJ
Adoptive immunotherapy retargeting T cells to CD19 via a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) is an investigational treatment capable of inducing complete tumor regression of B-cell malignancies when there is sustained survival of infused cells. T-memory stem cells (T SCM ) retain superior potential for long-lived persistence, but challenges exist in manufacturing this T-cell subset because they are rare among circulating lymphocytes. We report a clinically relevant approach to generating CAR + T cells with preserved T SCM potential using the Sleeping Beauty platform. Because IL-15 is fundamental to T-cell memory, we incorporated its costimulatory properties by coexpressing CAR with a membrane-bound chimeric IL-15 (mbIL15). The mbIL15-CAR T cells signaled through signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 to yield improved T-cell persistence independent of CAR signaling, without apparent autonomous growth or transformation, and achieved potent rejection of CD19 + leukemia. Long-lived T cells were CD45RO neg CCR7 + CD95 + , phenotypically most similar to T SCM , and possessed a memory-like transcriptional profile. Overall, these results demonstrate that CAR + T cells can develop long-term persistence with a memory stem-cell phenotype sustained by signaling through mbIL15. This observation warrants evaluation in clinical trials., Competing Interests: Some of the technology described was advanced through research conducted at the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center by L.J.N.C. The M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, L.J.N.C., L.V.H., K.C.S., H.S., T.M., S.M., S.O., B.R., M.-A.F., H.H., A.M.N., R.E.C., and D.A.L. all have or had a financial interest in ZIOPHARM Oncology, Inc., and Intrexon Corporation. On May 7, 2015, L.J.N.C. was appointed as the Chief Executive Officer at ZIOPHARM. L.J.N.C. is now a Visiting Scientist at the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. A patent application based on this manuscript has been filed.