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Objective: The aim of the study is to assess risk of common musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) based on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk scores., Methods: Data from a 9-year prospective cohort of 1224 workers in three states were analyzed. Baseline data included questionnaires, structured interviews, physical examinations, anthropometric measurements, nerve conduction studies, and individualized measurement of job physical factors. Monthly follow-ups were conducted. Framingham risk scores were calculated. A priori case definitions were constructed for carpal tunnel syndrome, lateral epicondylopathy, medial epicondylopathy, and rotator cuff tendinopathy., Results: Adjusted RRs for one or more MSDs increased to 3.90 (95% confidence interval, 2.20-6.90) among those with 10-year cardiovascular disease risk scores greater than 15% and 17.4 (95% confidence interval, 3.85-78.62) among those with more than 4 disorders., Conclusions: Cardiovascular disease factors are strongly associated with the subsequent development of common MSDs. Risks among those with multiple MSDs are considerably stronger., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: K.T.H. is the Editor-in-Chief of the American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine’s Evidence-Based Practice Guidelines. D.L.D. has received payments from the University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee (UW System). R.K. has received funding for committee work for the American Board of Anesthesia., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.)

We examined whether differential self-perception influences the salience of emotional stimuli in depressive disorders, using a perceptual matching task in which geometric shapes were arbitrarily assigned to the self and an unknown other. Participants associated shapes with personal labels (e.g. "self" or "other"). Each geometric shape additionally contained a happy, sad or neutral line drawing of a face. Participants then judged whether shape-label pairs were as originally shown or re-paired, whilst facial emotion was task-irrelevant. The results showed biased responses to self-relevant stimuli compared to other-relevant stimuli, regardless of facial emotion, for both control and depressed participants. This was reflected in sensitivity (d') and drift rate (v) measures, suggesting that self-bias and a bias towards emotion may reflect different underlying processes. We further computed bias scores by subtracting the "neutral" value of each measure (acting as baseline) from the "happy" and "sad" values of each measure, indexing an "emotional bias" (EB) score for "self" and "other" separately. Compared to control participants, depressed participants exhibited reduced "happy" and "sad" emotional biases, regardless of the self-relevance of stimuli. This finding indicates that depressed participants may exhibit generalised Emotion Context Insensitivity (ECI), characterised by hyopoattention to both positive and negative information, at short stimulus presentations. The implications of this are discussed., (© 2020 The Authors. European Journal of Neuroscience published by Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Objective: The primary goal of this cross-sectional analysis was to determine the relationships between self-reported low back pain (LBP) ratings and use of opioid medications., Methods: At baseline, subjects completed a computerized questionnaire. Structured interviews were conducted by residents or certified therapists under the direction of board-certified physicians., Results: There was a statistically significant nonlinear relationship between lifetime prevalence of worst LBP rating (0 to 10) and lifetime prevalence of opioid use. Those with a low pain rating for worst lifetime LBP and those with high LBP ratings were significantly more likely to have been prescribed opioids. Surprisingly, those with moderate pain ratings were the least likely to have used opioids., Conclusion: This study found a higher use of opioids between workers with low and high severe pain rating then those with moderate pain. We also found an increase of opioid use for severe pain.

Objective: To quantify sensitivity and specificity of the tender points and demonstrate how variability in case definition impacts prevalence of lateral epicondylitis (LE)., Methods: Baseline data analyzed from 1216 workers from the WISTAH study, a multicenter prospective cohort study of upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders. All workers completed computerized questionnaires, structured interviews, and two independent physical examinations in accordance with an established protocol., Results: The prevalence of LE differed based on case definition ranging from 4.7% to 12.1%. Sensitivity was low for tender points 1 to 4 ranging from 6.8% to 34.6%. Specificity was high for tender points 1 to 4 ranging from 95.2% to 97.9%., Conclusions: The prevalence of lateral epicondylitis differs markedly based on case definition used, ranging more than two-fold. Standardization of a case definition is essential to allow for comparisons across studies.

Introduction: Diagnostic screening tests for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) have not been rigorously assessed in large populations., Methods: This study is a cross-sectional analysis from a prospective cohort study. Participants' (n = 1,194) symptoms and disease prevalence were measured. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (NPVs) were calculated., Results: When defining CTS as tingling/numbness in at least two median nerve-served digits and an abnormal median nerve conduction study, the prevalence was 8.9%. The sensitivity of paresthesias with nocturnal awakening was 77.4%. The sensitivity of the Phalen sign was 52.8% and that of the Hoffman-Tinel sign was only 37.7%., Discussion: The highest sensitivity (77.4%) for a case definition of CTS in this population of workers was for nocturnal tingling/numbness in a median nerve distribution, and the highest specificity (97.5%) was for continuous tingling/numbness. The Phalen sign has a sensitivity of 52.8% and NPV of 95%, suggesting that the NPV is of particular diagnostic value. Hoffman-Tinel signs seem primarily helpful for the NPV (93.7%)., Level of Evidence: Level II diagnostic study.

: High patient satisfaction is a desirable goal in medical care. Patient satisfaction measures are increasingly used to evaluate and improve quality in all types of medical practices. However, the unique aspects of occupational and environmental medicine (OEM) practice require development of OEM-specific measures and thoughtful interpretation of results. The American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine has developed and recommends a set of specific questions to measure patient satisfaction in OEM, designed to meet anticipated regulatory requirements, facilitate quality improvement of participating OEM practices, facilitate case-management review, and offer fair and accurate assessment of OEM physicians.

Introduction: Previous studies have reported higher wrist ratios (WR) related to carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) but have not assessed effect modification by obesity and may have inadequately controlled for confounders., Methods: Baseline data of a multicenter prospective cohort study were analyzed. CTS was defined by nerve conduction study (NCS) criteria and symptoms., Results: Among the 1,206 participants, a square-shaped wrist was associated with CTS after controlling for confounders (prevalence ratio = 2.27; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.33-3.86). Body mass index (BMI) was a strong effect modifier on the relationship between WR and both CTS and abnormal NCS results, with normal weight strata of rectangular versus square wrists = 8.18 (95% CI, 1.63-49.96) and 7.12 (95% CI, 2.19-23.16), respectively., Discussion: A square wrist is significantly associated with CTS after controlling for confounders. Effect modification by high BMI masked the eightfold magnitude adjusted relationship seen between WR and CTS among normal weight participants. Muscle Nerve 56: 1047-1053, 2017., (© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Background: The pathophysiology of lateral epicondylitis (LE) is unclear. Recent evidence suggests some common musculoskeletal disorders may have a basis in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Thus, we examined CVD risks as potential LE risks., Methods: Workers (n = 1824) were enrolled in two large prospective studies and underwent structured interviews and physical examinations at baseline. Analysis of pooled baseline data assessed the relationships separately between a modified Framingham Heart Study CVD risk score and three prevalence outcomes of: 1) lateral elbow pain, 2) positive resisted wrist or middle finger extension, and 3) a combination of both symptoms and at least one resisted maneuver. Quantified job exposures, personal and psychosocial confounders were statistically controlled. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) were calculated., Results: There was a strong relationship between CVD risk score and lateral elbow symptoms, resisted wrist or middle finger extension and LE after adjustment for confounders. The adjusted ORs for symptoms were as high as 3.81 (95% CI 2.11, 6.85), for positive examination with adjusted odds ratios as high as 2.85 (95% CI 1.59, 5.12) and for combined symptoms and physical examination 6.20 (95% CI 2.04, 18.82). Relationships trended higher with higher CVD risk scores., Conclusions: These data suggest a potentially modifiable disease mechanism for LE.

Objective: Recent evidence has found potential associations between cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and common musculoskeletal disorders. We evaluated possible associations between risk factors and both glenohumeral joint pain and rotator cuff tendinopathy., Methods: Data from WISTAH hand study participants (n = 1226) were assessed for associations between Framingham Heart Study CVD risk factors and both health outcomes., Results: A strong association was observed between CVD risk scores and both glenohumeral joint pain and rotator cuff tendinopathy. Peak odds ratios (ORs) of the adjusted models were 4.55 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.97 to 10.31] and 5.97 (95% CI 2.12 to 16.83), respectively. The results show a dose-response trend of increasing risk., Conclusions: Individual risk factors were associated with both outcomes. Combined, CVD risk factors demonstrated a strong correlation with glenohumeral joint pain and an even stronger correlation with rotator cuff tendinopathy. Results suggest a potentially modifiable disease mechanism.

Objective: The aim of the study was to ascertain if cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors are carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) risk factors., Methods: Analysis of pooled baseline data from two large prospective cohort studies (n = 1824) assessed the relationships between a modified Framingham Heart Study CVD risk score both CTS and abnormal nerve conduction study prevalence. Quantified job exposures, personal and psychosocial confounders were statistically controlled. Odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for individual risk scores., Results: There was a strong relationship between CVD risk score and both CTS and abnormal nerve conduction study after adjustment for confounders, with odds ratios as high as 4.16 and 7.35, respectively. Dose responses were also observed., Conclusions: In this workplace population, there is a strong association between CVD risk scores and both CTS and abnormal nerve conduction study that persisted after controlling for confounders. These data suggest a potentially modifiable disease mechanism.