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Hepatitis B virus(HBV) is the pathogen causing hepatitis B, which is characterized by strong infectivity, high incidence, and widespread prevalence and has seriously threatened human health and affected their quality of life. Anti-HBV drugs in western medicine mainly include nucleosides(nucleic acids) and interferons, among which nucleosides(nucleic acids) are used more often. Due to the easy development of drug resistance, their therapeutic effects are not remarkable. Interferons can easily cause serious adverse reactions such as liver injury. Anti-HBV drugs in traditional Chinese medicine mainly include single Chinese herbs(Artemisiae Scopariae Herba, Artemisiae Annuae Herba, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, etc.) and Chinese herbal compounds(Yinchenhao Decoction, Xiaochaihu Decoction, Tiaogan Huaxian Pills, etc.), whose chemical compositions and action targets have not been fully identified. The combined medication is better than single medication, in that the former can improve drug resistance, make up each other's deficiencies, reduce adverse reactions, and prolong the action time. This study reviewed the anti-HBV activities and mechanisms of western drugs, Chinese herbs, and combined medications, in order to provide reference for the development and research of new anti-HBV drugs.

Background: Trauma is one of the leading causes of death in the pediatric population. Bronchial rupture is rare, but there are potentially severe complications. Establishing and maintaining a patent airway is the key issue in patients with bronchial rupture. Here we describe an innovative method for maintaining a patent airway., Case Summary: A 3-year-old boy fell from the seventh floor. Oxygenation worsened rapidly with pulse oxygen saturation decreasing below 60%, as his heart rate dropped. Persistent pneumothorax was observed with insertion of the chest tube. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed, which confirmed the diagnosis of bronchial rupture. A modified tracheal tube was inserted under the guidance of a fiberoptic bronchoscope. Pulse oxygen saturation improved from 60% to 90%. Twelve days after admission, right upper lobectomy was performed using bronchial stump suture by video-assisted thoracic surgery without complications. A follow-up chest radiograph showed good recovery. The child was discharged from hospital three months after admission., Conclusion: A modified tracheal tube could be selected to ensure a patent airway and adequate ventilation in patients with bronchial rupture., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

The present work is to analyze the HPLC fingerprints of mulberry-sourced materials(Mori Ramulus, Mori Folium, Muri Cortex, Mori Fructus) using the fingerprint division total statistical moment method and information entropy, and to study the diffe-rences of the chemical components and the overall characteristics of the imprinting template in different parts of mulberry-sourced medicinal materials, so as to provide the basis for finding the effective substances in response to "homologous and different effect" of mulberry(Morus alba). The fingerprints of 24 batches of mulberry-related materials, such as Mori Ramulus, Mori Folium, Muri Cortex, Mori Fructus, were established, and the similarities and differences of the fingerprints were analyzed by calculating the division total statistical moment parameters and information entropy. The AUC_T, MCRT_T, VCRT_T and H values of 24 batches of mulberry-sourced materials were less than 0.05, with significant difference. Among them, all samples showed absorption peaks within 3-11, and 20-24 min, indicating that the four types had the identical or similar chemical composition in the same time period. After 34 min, none of the four types showed absorption peaks. Greater VCRT_T value of the fingerprints of the four kinds was observed at the retention time ranges of 3-4, 16-18, 25-27, and 31-32 min, indicating that the components of the four kinds were significantly different in these time periods; and VCRT_T value of the mulberry was significantly higher than that of the other three kinds of medicinal materials at the retention time windows of 3-4 and 15-17 min; the VCRT_T value of the mulberry white skin was significantly higher at the time windows of 8-10 and 28-30 min; the VCRT_T value of all four kinds was significantly higher within 21-23 min, indicating that the four herbs contain the same or similar components in the chromatogram during this period, but there may be significant differences between the content and the proportion. In addition, the information entropy of mulberry branches is the largest at 7-12, 23-27 min, and that of mulberry fruits is the largest at 2-8 min, which indicates that the components of mulberry branches and mulberry fruits respond greatly in the corresponding period of time, which is also the main peak period of their chemical components. For the chemical components and corresponding efficacy here. The results showed that there are significant differences in the components and contents of mulberry-sourced medicinal materials. The division total statistical moment and information entropy of the total amount of segments can be used to analyze the differences in the components of "homology and different effects", which could provide a more comprehensive analysis method for the determination of quality markers.