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Background: Emerging cancer trends suggest an increase in pancreatic cancer incidence in individuals younger than its typical age of onset, potentially reflecting changes in population exposures and lifestyles., Patients and Methods: We conducted a PRISMA-standard systematic literature review to identify non-heritable risk factors for early-onset pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) (PROSPERO number: CRD42022299397). Systematic searches of MEDLINE and Embase bibliographic databases were performed (January 2022), and publications were screened against predetermined eligibility criteria; data were extracted using standardised data fields. The STROBE checklist was used to assess the completeness of reporting as a proxy for publication quality. Data were categorised by risk factor and analysed descriptively., Results: In total, 24 publications were included. All publications reported observational study data; thresholds for age group comparisons ranged between 40 and 65 years. Lifestyle factors investigated included smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, physical inactivity, meat intake, socioeconomic status and geographical residence. Clinical factors investigated included pancreatitis, diabetes/insulin resistance, prior cancer and cancer stage at diagnosis, hepatitis B infection, metabolic syndrome and long-term proton pump inhibitor exposure. Publication STROBE scores were 6-21 (maximum, 22). Eight studies reported results adjusted for confounders. Potential non-heritable risk factors for early-onset PDAC that warrant further investigation included smoking, alcohol consumption, pancreatitis and hepatitis B infection., Conclusion: Evidence for non-heritable risk factors for early-onset PDAC is heterogeneous, but four factors were identified that might aid the identification of at-risk individuals who may benefit from screening and risk reduction strategies., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest SR Chandana has received research support for conducting clinical trials at their institution from Ipsen. L Woods has no conflicts of interest. F Maxwell is an employee of Ipsen. R Gandolfo is employed by Oxford PharmaGenesis, Oxford, UK, which received funding from Ipsen in accordance with Good Publication Practice guidelines (GPP). T Bekaii-Saab reports research funding to his institution from Abgenomics, Agios, Arcus, Arys, Atreca, Bayer, BMS, Boston Biomedical, Celgene, Clovis, Genentech, Eisai, Incyte, Ipsen, Lilly, Merus, Mirati, Novartis, Pfizer, Seattle Genetics; consulting fees to his institution from Arcus, Bayer, Eisai, Genentech, Incyte, Ipsen, Merck KgaA, Merck Servier, Merus, Pfizer, Seattle Genetics; and personal consulting fees from AbbVie, Aptitude Health, Astra Zeneca, Beigene, Blueprint Medicines, Boehringer Ingelheim, Caladrius Biosciences, Celularity, Daiichi Sankyo, Deciphera, Exact Science, Exelixis, Foundation Medicine, Glaxo SmithKline, Illumina, Janssen, Kanaph, MJH Life Sciences, Natera, Sanofi, Sobi, Stemline, TreosBio, Zai Labs. He has served on data monitoring committees for 1Globe, Fibrogen, Astra Zeneca, Exelixis, Merck/Eisai, PanCan, The Valley Hospital, Suzhou Kintor, and on scientific advisory boards for Artiva, Imugene, Immuneering, Replimune, Sun Biopharma, Xilis. He has received royalties from Uptodate. He holds patent WO/2018/183488 'Human PD1 peptide vaccines and uses thereof', licensed to Imugene, and patent WO/2019/055687 'Methods and compositions for the treatment of cancer cachexia', licensed to Recursion., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Background: Uterine fibroids (UFs) are the most common neoplasm affecting women that can cause significant morbidity and may adversely impact fertility., Objectives: To examine UF epidemiology and to evaluate the relative strengths of putative risk factors., Search Strategy: MEDLINE and Embase were searched for studies published in English between January 1995 and April 2015., Selection Criteria: Publications reporting relevant data from registries and other observational studies with over 1000 patients and single-centre studies with over 100 patients were selected., Data Collection and Analysis: Data on UF incidence, prevalence and associated risk factors were extracted from 60 publications., Main Results: Wide ranges were reported in both UF incidence (217-3745 cases per 100 000 women-years) and prevalence (4.5-68.6%), depending on study populations and diagnostic methods. Black race was the only factor that was recurrently reported to increase UF risk, by two-threefold compared with white race. Eleven other factors affected UF risk to a magnitude similar to or greater than race. Age, premenopausal state, hypertension, family history, time since last birth, and food additive and soybean milk consumption increased UF risk; use of oral contraceptives or the injectable contraceptive depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, smoking in women with low body mass index and parity reduced UF risk., Conclusions: We identified 12 risk factors that play an important role in UF epidemiology. The UF risk factor with the strongest evidence is black race. High-quality prospective observational data are needed to improve our understanding of UF epidemiology, and thus its aetiology and optimal management., Tweetable Abstract: Uterine fibroids occur in about 70% of women. Black race and 11 other factors affect uterine fibroid risk., (© 2017 IPAS. BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.)

This study intended to differentiate among worker's compensation claimants with psychological problems who presented with work-related harassment and non-harassment complaints on the basis of their MMPI-2 profiles. Analysis of MMPI-2 mean scores revealed that the Harassment group scored significantly higher than the Non-harassment group on scale 6 of the MMPI-2. This was interpreted to mean that the Harassment group was more oversensitive, suspicious, and angry than the other group. There was no evidence that the Harassment group was more likely to exaggerate or malinger than the Non-harassment group. The profile pattern for both groups was otherwise very similar to those found in previous studies that have used MMPI worker's compensation claimants who present with psychological problems.

The purpose of the present research was to interrelate dimensions of anxiety in a psychiatric population, based primarily on the conceptual formulation of Templer, Corgiat, and Brooner (1984). Two hundred twenty outpatients served as subjects. The Fear Survey Schedule, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, and a Likert-formated criterial symptom checklist for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) were employed to derive measures of Severity, Stimulus Specificity, Subjective Component (Cognitive vs. Somatic), Chronicity, and Temporal Constancy (Sometimes vs. Always present). Principal components factor analysis yielded three distinct dimensions of anxiety: Morbidity, Subjective Component, and Chronicity. Clinical and theoretical relevance of these findings are discussed specific to construction of a working model of anxiety, clinical assessment of anxiety response systems, and the feasibility of a dimensional approach to understanding psychopathology.

This study intended to differentiate among borderline personality disorder (BPD), schizophrenic, and depressed patients on the basis of their MMPI profiles. MMPI profiles of 237 psychiatric inpatients were selected on the basis of their primary DSM-III admission diagnoses. Analysis of MMPI mean scores and discriminant function analysis supports previous literature in describing borderline patients as having a broad spectrum of psychopathology typified by an attitude of alienation and rebelliousness, atypical thought content and/or process, and eccentric behavior. Schizophrenic patients are differentiated from BPD patients by the presence of thought disorder and psychotic-like manifestations. The depressed patients did not show the aforementioned extreme characteristics of the other two groups.