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Ruthenium oxide (RuO 2 ) is considered one of the most promising catalysts for replacing iridium oxide (IrO 2 ) in the acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Nevertheless, the performance of RuO 2 remains unacceptable due to the dissolution of Ru and the lack of *OH in acidic environments. This paper reports a grain boundary (GB)-rich porous RuO 2 electrocatalyst for the efficient and stable acidic OER. The involvement of GB regulates the valence state of Ru and weakens the interaction between Ru and O, effectively facilitating *OH adsorption and *OOH formation. Notably, achieved a record-high catalytic activity (145 mV at 10 mA cm -2 ) with a low Tafel slope (40.9 mV dec -1 ) and a remarkable mass activity of 332 mA mg -1 Ru at 1.5 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode is achieved. Additionally, the porous RuO 2 exhibits superb stability with an ultra-low degradation rate of 26 µV h -1 over a 50-day durability test. This study opens a viable pathway for the development of efficient and robust Ru-based acidic OER electrocatalysts., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Replacing the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in water splitting with 5-hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation reaction (HMFOR) can not only reduce the energy required for hydrogen production but also yield the valuable chemical 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). Co-based catalysts are known to be efficient for HMFOR, with high-valent Co being recognized as the main active component. However, efficiently promoting the oxidation of Co 2+ to produce high-valent reactive species remains a challenge. In this study, Ni-doped CoTe (CoNiTe) nanorods were prepared as efficient catalysts for HMFOR, achieving a high HMFOR current density of 65.3 mA cm -2 at 1.50 V. Even after undergoing five successive electrolysis processes, the Faradaic efficiency (FE) remained at approximately 90.7 %, showing robust electrochemical durability. Mechanistic studies indicated that Ni doping changes the electronic configuration of Co, enhancing its charge transfer rate and facilitating the oxidation of Co 2+ to high-valent CoO 2 species. This work reveals the effect of Ni doping on the reconfiguration of the active phase during HMFOR., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as promising electrocatalysts have been widely studied, but their performance is limited by conductivity and coordinating saturation. This study proposes a cationic (V) modification strategy and evaluates its effect on the electrocatalytic performance of CoFe-MOF nanosheet arrays. The optimal V-CoFe-MOF/NF electrocatalyst exhibits excellent oxygen-evolution reaction (OER)/hydrogen-evolution reaction (HER) performance (231 mV at 100 mA cm -2 /86 mV at 10 mA cm -2 ) in alkaline conditions, with its OER durability exceeding 400 h without evident degradation. Furthermore, as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for water splitting, a small cell voltage is achieved (1.60 V at 10 mA cm -2 ). The practicability of the catalyst is further evaluated by membrane electrode assembly (MEA), showing outstanding activity (1.53 V at 10 mA cm -2 ) and long-term stability (at 300 mA cm -2 ). Moreover, our results reveal the apparent reconstruction properties of V-CoFe-MOF/NF in alkaline electrolytes, where the partially dissolved V promotes the formation of more active β-MOOH. The mechanism study shows the OER mechanism shifts to a lattice oxygen oxidation mechanism (LOM) after V doping, which directly avoids complex multistep adsorption mechanism and reduces reaction energy. This study provides a cation mediated strategy for designing efficient electrocatalysts.

Herein, we report an easily oxidized Co-Fe perovskite fluoride as an efficient catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In situ Raman spectroscopy showed that the presence of F promotes reconstruction to form highly active (Co 3+ Fe 3+ )OOH, and the current density of 10 mA cm -2 can be achieved at the overpotential of only 118 mV in 1 M KOH aqueous solution. This work helps to understand the role of fluoride during the OER.

Developing highly efficient OER catalysts is essential for producing hydrogen from water electrolysis to compensate for conventional fossil fuel shortages. Here, the oxygen-vacancy-rich heterostructure grown on the Ni foam (NF) (Co 3 O 4 @Fe-B-O/NF) is fabricated. The synergistic effect between Co 3 O 4 and Fe-B-O has been proven effectively modulate the electronic structure and produce highly active interface sites, ultimately leading to enhanced electrocatalytic activity. Co 3 O 4 @Fe-B-O/NFrequiresan overpotential of 237 mV to drive 20 mA cm -2 in 1 M KOH, and 384 mV to drive 10 mA cm -2 in 0.1 M PBS, superior to most catalysts currently used. Moreover, Co 3 O 4 @Fe-B-O/NF as an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrode shows great potential in overall water splitting and CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR). This work may provide effective ideas for designing efficient oxide catalysts., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Designing efficient electrocatalysts to improve the overall water splitting and urea electrolysis efficiency for hydrogen generation can greatly solve the dilemma of energy shortage and environmental pollution. In this work, Co 8 FeS 8 @CoFe-MOF/NF heterojunction arrays were fabricated by embedding sulfides into the surface of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) nanosheets as multifunctional electrocatalyst. The introduction of sulfide on CoFe-MOF/NF can not only adjust the electronic structure (electron-rich state) and change the surface properties (more hydrophilic), but also increase the active area to enhance the catalytic activity. The in situ Raman shows Co 8 FeS 8 @CoFe-MOF/NF is more easily to generate active species at low potentials and generates a higher content of active β-MOOH phase than CoFe-MOF/NF. Therefore, the Co 8 FeS 8 @CoFe-MOF/NF exhibits excellent oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance with an overpotential of 213 mV at 10 mA cm -2 . Furthermore, when used as a urea oxidation reaction (UOR), only an ultralow potential of 1.311 V at 10 mA cm -2 . More importantly, the assembled two-electrode drives overall water splitting and urea electrolysis with cell voltages of 1.62 V and 1.55 V at 10 mA cm -2 , respectively. This work provides insights into the preparation of electrocatalysts with multifunctional heterostructure arrays for hydrogen production., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Electrochemical reduction of CO 2 to produce valuable multi-carbon products is a promising avenue for promoting CO 2 conversion and achieving renewable energy storage, and it has also attracted considerable attention recently. However, the synthesis of Cu electrode with a controllable electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) to understand its role in CO 2 reduction to C 2 H 4 remains challenging. Herein, a series of Cu electrodes with different ECSA is synthesized through a simple oxidation-reduction approach. We reveal that the improved selectivity of C 2 H 4 is proportional to the ECSA of Cu in the low ECSA range, and a further increase in ECSA has a negligible effect on its selectivity. The enlarged surface area could strengthen the local pH effect near the surface of Cu electrode and suppress the generation of C 1 products as well as H 2 . The study provides a feasible strategy to rationally design electrocatalysts with high electrochemical CO 2 reduction performances., (© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial for hydrogen production. However, OER with four-electron transfer requires electrocatalysts to speed up its sluggish kinetics in alkaline solutions. Herein, amorphous CoV phosphate (denoted as CoV-Pi) nanosheets synthesized by a straightforward one-step hydrothermal approach is reported, which provide a low overpotential of 320 mV at 10 mA cm -2 , a small Tafel slope down to 48.8 mV dec -1 and long-term durability over 80 h. The efficient activity is ascribed to the amorphous nanosheets structure, high electrochemically active surface area, enhanced surface wettability and the synergistic effect of the active metal atoms. This study significantly indicates that CoV-Pi is a promising alternative to replace expensive noble metal-based catalysts for electrochemical water splitting., (© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The development of available dual-function electrocatalysts is of great significance to the effective storage of excess electricity. Here, we obtained a three-dimensional Co(OH) 2 nanosheet with high surface area on nickel foam (Co(OH) 2 /NF) via conventional hydrothermal. NiFe-coated Co(OH) 2 nanosheet array (NiFe@Co(OH) 2 NSAs/NF) was further constructed by electrodeposition for water splitting. By optimizing and regulating the deposition time, NiFe@Co(OH) 2 NSAs/NF with a deposition time of 500 s (NiFe-500@Co(OH) 2 NSAs/NF) only needs 98 mV of overpotential and can be stabilized for 100 h for hydrogen evolution at 10 mA cm -2 due to the rich density active components for NiFe alloy/oxyhydroxide layer and interaction with Co(OH) 2 nanosheets. Thanks to the excellent 3D nanosheet array structure and the close integration between Co(OH) 2 and the upper layer NiFe, NiFe@Co(OH) 2 NSAs/NF with a deposition time of 200 s (NiFe-200@Co(OH) 2 NSAs/NF) can provide 10 mA cm -2 with only 204 mV and maintain constant catalysis within 100 h. Therefore, the constructed NiFe@Co(OH) 2 NSAs/NF (500||200) double-electrode cell for water splitting requires only 1.58 V drive potential and can maintain 24 h durability at 10 mA cm -2 . The design of the catalyst opens up new ideas for the large-scale application of transition metals in water splitting., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Although metal-organic frameworks have proven to be excellent electrocatalytic materials, their application as electrode materials remains limited. The preparation of heterostructures is considered an effective method to improve catalytic activity. Herein, we describe the design and assembly of a dual-MOF heterostructure (CoNi-ZIF-67@Fe-MIL-100, denoted ZIF@MIL). Specifically, we grew a layer of MIL-100 in situ on a bimetallic ZIF-67 surface using a solvothermal method. We demonstrate that the ZIF@MIL has remarkable OER electrocatalytic performance, requiring a low overpotential and showing a small Tafel slope, compared to pure ZIF-67 and MIL-100 in 1.0 m KOH. More importantly, it has excellent operational durability for 50 h at 100 mA cm -2 . The high catalytic activity of ZIF@MIL can be attributed to the heterostructure that can expose more active sites, the synergistic effect between ZIF-67 and MIL-100, and improvement of electron transfer ability. Our work provides a new way to design and prepare dual-MOF crystals with different structures as electrocatalysts., (© 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Sustainable production of hydrogen by water splitting requires the exploration of highly efficient electrocatalysts from abundant non-precious metals on Earth. Ni(OH)2 hollow nanorod arrays were obtained on Ni foam by simple alkali etching, and FeOOH was electrodeposited on the walls of hollow nanorods to construct FeOOH@Ni(OH)2 sandwich hollow nanorod arrays, which help overcome the drawbacks of the poor conductivity and poor stability of FeOOH and boost the catalytic performance of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in comparison with the individual components. A fully contacted three-dimensional nanorod array structure provides many exposed catalytically active sites and promotes charge transfer during the electrochemical OER process. The presence of FeOOH can promote the formation of a more conductive catalytically active component, NiOOH, which improves the catalytic performance of Ni(OH)2. The electronic interaction and synergistic catalysis between nickel and iron enhances the electrochemical performance of the catalyst significantly. The optimized FeOOH@Ni(OH)2 sandwich hollow nanorod arrays show an outstanding OER activity with a small overpotential of 245 mV at 50 mA cm-2 and a low Tafel slope of 45 mV dec-1. The catalyst can maintain a substantially constant voltage over 40 h in 1.0 M KOH solution. Our work provides a new strategy to prepare Ni-Fe bimetallic materials as OER electrocatalysts.