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Purpose: This study aims to characterize the pharmacokinetics, safety, tolerability, and exploratory efficacy of upadacitinib, an oral Janus kinase inhibitor approved for treating moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (AD) in adults and adolescents, in children with severe AD., Methods: In an open-label, multiple-dose, Phase 1 study, pediatric patients with severe AD from two age groups (2 to <6 years and 6 to <12 years) received bodyweight-based dosing regimens of upadacitinib using either twice-daily immediate-release (IR) oral solution or once-daily extended-release (ER) tablets. A pharmacokinetic assessment was conducted on Day 7 of the study, which was followed by a long-term safety and exploratory efficacy evaluation for up to 108 weeks. The results reported here are based on an interim analysis when the study had completed enrollment and pharmacokinetic assessment., Findings: A total of 35 patients were enrolled and received upadacitinib. The maximum upadacitinib plasma concentration was attained within a median time of 0.5 to 2 hours and 2 to 2.5 hours for the IR oral solution and ER tablet formulations, respectively. Upadacitinib functional half-life was generally shorter with IR oral solution relative to ER tablets. Upadacitinib apparent oral clearance decreased with decreasing body weight in the pediatric patients enrolled in this study. Upadacitinib was generally safe and well tolerated. The most common (≥3 patients) adverse events were upper respiratory tract infection, COVID-19 infection, headache, abdominal discomfort, vomiting, asthma, and cough. No new safety risks were identified compared to the known safety profile for upadacitinib in adults and adolescents. In the 30 patients with available exploratory efficacy data at Week 12, 36.7% achieved validated Investigator's Global Assessment scale for AD score of 0 or 1 (Validated Investigator Global Assessment for AD 0/1), and 70.0% had Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) improvement of at least 75% (EASI 75)., Implications: The characterized pharmacokinetic profiles in this study, together with the observed safety and exploratory efficacy results, support further investigation of the current upadacitinib dosing regimen in future confirmatory Phase 3 clinical trials in children with AD., Clinical Trial Number: NCT03646604, registered 2018-08-23., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest AbbVie provided financial support for the study and participated in the design, study conduct, analysis, and interpretation of data, as well as the writing, review, and approval of the manuscript. ASP has been an investigator for AbbVie, Applied Pharma Research, Dermavant, Eli Lilly, Incyte, Janssen, Krystal, Regeneron, Timber, and UCB; a consultant for AbbVie, Abeona, Apogee, Arcutis, Aslan, BioCryst, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers-Squibb, Dermavant, Incyte, Johnson and Johnson, Krystal Biotech, LEO, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Nektar, Primus, Procter and Gamble, Regeneron, Sanofi, Seanergy, TWI Biotech, and UCB; on the data safety monitoring board for AbbVie, Abeona, and Galderma. ZAZ has been an investigator for AbbVie. YQ, EMR, SH, KU, GFL, HDT, ADC, WL, and MFM are employees of AbbVie and may hold stock or stock options., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Cedirogant is an inverse agonist of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma thymus developed for the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis. Cedirogant induces cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 while inhibiting P-glycoprotein (P-gp), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1, and OATP1B3 in vitro. Static drug-drug interactions (DDIs) predictions suggested possible clinical induction of CYP3A4, and inhibition of P-gp, BCRP, and OATP1B1, leading to challenges in interpreting DDI studies between cedirogant and substrates of CYP3A, P-gp, BCRP, and OATP1B1/3. Here the effects of cedirogant on the pharmacokinetics of two statin drugs were investigated in healthy participants. Coproporphyrin-I (CP-I), a selective endogenous OATP1B biomarker, was used to assess the impact of cedirogant on OATP1B. Cedirogant (375 mg once daily) increased rosuvastatin maximum plasma concentration (C max ) and area under the plasma concentration curve (AUC tau ) by 141% and 55%, respectively when co-administered, whereas atorvastatin C max increased by 40% with no effect on its AUC tau compared with administration of rosuvastatin/atorvastatin alone. Cedirogant did not increase CP-I exposures, indicating no clinical OATP1B inhibition. The increased rosuvastatin exposure and minimal change in atorvastatin exposure with co-administration of cedirogant is attributed to BCRP inhibition and interplay between P-gp/BCRP inhibition and CYP3A induction, respectively. Correlation analysis with data from two investigational drugs (glecaprevir and flubentylosin) demonstrated that OATP1B1 R-value of > 1.5 and [C max,u ]/[OATP1B1 IC 50 ] of > 0.1 are associated with > 1.25-fold increase in CP-I C max ratio. This demonstrates the utility of CP-I in disentangling mechanisms underlying a complex DDI involving multiple transporters and enzymes and proposes refined criteria for static OATP1B inhibition predictions., (© 2024 AbbVie Inc. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics.)

Creating a diverse dipolar microenvironment around the active site is of great significance for the targeted induction of intermediate behaviors to achieve complicated chemical transformations. Herein, an efficient and general strategy is reported to construct hypercross-linked polymers (HCPs) equipped with tunable dipolar microenvironments by knitting arene monomers together with dipolar functional groups into porous network skeletons. Benefiting from the electron beam irradiation modification technique, the catalytic sites are anchored in an efficient way in the vicinity of the microenvironment, which effectively facilitates the processing of the reactants delivered to the catalytic sites. By varying the composition of the microenvironment scaffold structure, the contact and interaction behavior with the reaction participants can be tuned, thereby affecting the catalytic activity and selectivity. As a result, the framework catalysts produced in this way exhibit excellent catalytic performance in the synthesis of glycinate esters and indole derivatives. This manipulation is reminiscent of enzymatic catalysis, which adjusts the internal polarity environment and controls the output of products by altering the scaffold structure., (© 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Background: Bisphenol-A (BPA) and parabens are common endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) that are used extensively in consumer products worldwide and are widely found in the environment., Objective: The purpose of this study was to comprehensively explore the correlations between urinary BPA/parabens levels and liver injury/function markers., Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2011 to 2016. The exposure variables were urinary BPA and four urinary parabens [methylparaben (MPB), ethylparaben (EPB), propylparaben (PPB), and butylparaben (BPB)], while the outcome variables were indicators of liver function/injury [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), AST/ ALT, albumin (ALB), total protein (TP), total bilirubin (TBIL), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and the fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4)]. Multiple linear regression and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression analyses were applied to explore the relationships between the individual/combined exposure variables and the liver injury/function indicators, respectively. Furthermore, stratified analysis was employed to detect the associations influenced by age and sex., Results: A total of 2,179 adults were eligible for the present analysis. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed positive associations of EPB with AST, ALT, TP, and FIB-4 scores and negative associations of BPA with TP and ALB. The effects of urinary parabens on adverse outcomes in the liver (AST and ALT) were significant in the female and middle-aged subgroups. In addition, the WQS analysis revealed that the mixture of four compounds was negatively associated with ALB. BPA had the greatest effect on the serum ALB concentration (weight = 0.688)., Impact: Our present study provided novel evidence of significant associations between BPA or certain parabens and numerous markers of liver injury/function indicators. We found that higher urinary BPA concentrations were associated with worse liver function. Exposure to high EPB/PPB ratios was significantly associated with biomarkers of liver injury., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.)

Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-ĸB) plays a crucial role in both innate and adaptive immune systems, significantly influencing various physiological processes such as cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, survival, and stemness. The function of NF-ĸB in cancer progression and response to chemotherapy has gained increasing attention. This review highlights the role of NF-ĸB in inflammation control, biological mechanisms, and therapeutic implications in cancer treatment. NF-ĸB is instrumental in altering the release of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, which are key in the regulation of carcinogenesis. Specifically, in conditions including colitis, NF-ĸB upregulation can intensify inflammation, potentially leading to the development of colorectal cancer. Its pivotal role extends to regulating the tumor microenvironment, impacting components such as macrophages, fibroblasts, T cells, and natural killer cells. This regulation influences tumorigenesis and can dampen anti-tumor immune responses. Additionally, NF-ĸB modulates cell death mechanisms, notably by inhibiting apoptosis and ferroptosis. It also has a dual role in stimulating or suppressing autophagy in various cancers. Beyond these functions, NF-ĸB plays a role in controlling cancer stem cells, fostering angiogenesis, increasing metastatic potential through EMT induction, and reducing tumor cell sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Given its oncogenic capabilities, research has focused on natural products and small molecule compounds that can suppress NF-ĸB, offering promising avenues for cancer therapy., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Cedirogant is an inverse agonist of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma, thymus (RORγt) developed for treatment of psoriasis. This study aimed to characterize pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, and tolerability of cedirogant following a single oral dose in Japanese participants and multiple oral doses in Japanese and Chinese participants. The single doses evaluated in healthy Japanese participants were 75, 225, and 395 mg. The multiple doses evaluated in both healthy Japanese and Chinese participants was 375 mg once daily for 14 days. Cedirogant plasma exposure increased dose proportionally with administration of single doses. Maximum cedirogant plasma concentration was reached within a median time of 4-5 hours after dosing. The harmonic mean elimination half-life ranged from 19 to 25 hours. Cedirogant pharmacokinetics were similar between Japanese and Chinese participants. Compared with healthy Western participants in a cross-study analysis, steady-state cedirogant plasma exposure was 38%-73% higher in Japanese or Chinese participants. Ex vivo interleukin-17 inhibition increased in a dose-dependent manner and was maximized by 375 mg once-daily doses. The cedirogant regimens tested were generally well tolerated, and no new safety issues were identified. The results supported enrollment of Japanese and Chinese subjects in subsequent clinical trials for cedirogant., (© 2024 AbbVie Inc. Clinical Pharmacology in Drug Development published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Clinical Pharmacology.)

Context: Sepsis can result in critical organ failure, and notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1) offers mitochondrial protection., Objective: To determine whether NGR1 improves organ function and prognosis after sepsis by protecting mitochondrial quality., Materials and Methods: A sepsis model was established in C57BL/6 mice using cecum ligation puncture (CLP) and an in vitro model with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 µg/mL)-stimulated primary intestinal microvascular endothelial cells (IMVECs) and then determine NGR1's safe dosage. Groups for each model were: in vivo -a control group, a CLP-induced sepsis group, and a CLP + NGR1 treatment group (30 mg/kg/d for 3 d); in vitro -a control group, a LPS-induced sepsis group, and a LPS + NGR1 treatment group (4 μM for 30 min). NGR1's effects on survival, intestinal function, mitochondrial quality, and mitochondrial dynamic-related protein (Drp1) were evaluated., Results: Sepsis resulted in approximately 60% mortality within 7 days post-CLP, with significant reductions in intestinal microvascular perfusion and increases in vascular leakage. Severe mitochondrial quality imbalance was observed in IMVECs. NGR1 (IC 50 is 854.1 μM at 30 min) targeted Drp1, inhibiting mitochondrial translocation, preventing mitochondrial fragmentation and restoring IMVEC morphology and function, thus protecting against intestinal barrier dysfunction, vascular permeability, microcirculatory flow, and improving sepsis prognosis., Discussion and Conclusions: Drp1-mediated mitochondrial quality imbalance is a potential therapeutic target for sepsis. Small molecule natural drugs like NGR1 targeting Drp1 may offer new directions for organ protection following sepsis. Future research should focus on clinical trials to evaluate NGR1's efficacy across various patient populations, potentially leading to novel treatments for sepsis.

Current challenges in visible and infrared image fusion include color information distortion, texture detail loss, and target edge blur. To address these issues, a fusion algorithm based on double-domain transform filter and nonlinear contrast transform feature extraction (DDCTFuse) is proposed. First, for the problem of incomplete detail extraction that exists in the traditional transform domain image decomposition, an adaptive high-pass filter is proposed to decompose images into high-frequency and low-frequency portions. Second, in order to address the issue of fuzzy fusion target caused by contrast loss during the fusion process, a novel feature extraction algorithm is devised based on a novel nonlinear transform function. Finally, the fusion results are optimized and color-corrected by our proposed spatial-domain logical filter, in order to solve the color loss and edge blur generated in the fusion process. To validate the benefits of the proposed algorithm, nine classical algorithms are compared on the LLVIP, MSRS, INO, and Roadscene datasets. The results of these experiments indicate that the proposed fusion algorithm exhibits distinct targets, provides comprehensive scene information, and offers significant image contrast.

According to the theory of five movements and six climates, the innate constitution plays a crucial role in determining the underlyingpa thological mechanisms of diseases later in life. Previous studies have demonstrated a close association between the constitution, as defined by the theory of five movements and six climates, and the development of various types of tumors. Furt hermore,the tumorsubtype determined by the constitution has prognostic implications. This highlights the potential of utilizing the fivemovements and six climates theory to guide the implementation of precision medicine strategies in thefield of oncology. However, no resear ch has yet been conducted to investigate the use of this theory in guiding the development of tumor molecular classification and precisi onmedicine strategies. The objective of this research is to uncover the biological characteristics of each constitution within a pancanc ercohort and identify potential anti-tumor drugs that are applicable to patients with different constitutional types. By doing so, we aimto c ontribute to the establishment of a precision medicine strategy for tumors derived from the original concepts of traditional Chi nesemedicine(TCM). In this study, we obtainedpan-cancer Bulk RNA-Seq data from UCSC Xena, GWAS cohort data from the UKBiobank, and cis-eQTLs data from eQ TLGen and GTEx V8. We employed machine learning methods to screen for hub genes associated with each constitution. Subsequently, we utilized informatics tools to explore the biological characteristics of each constitut iondefined by the theory of five movements and six bioclimates. Further, potential anti-tumor drugs suitable for patients with differen tconstitutional types were identified through mendelian randomization, molecular docking, and drug-like prediction techniques. Withinthe pan-cancer cohort, significant differences were observed among different constitutions in terms of progression-free interval, biological f unctions, immune cell abundance, tumor drug sensitivity, and immunotherapy response. These findings suggest that the five movements and six climates theory can guide tumor molecular classification and the development of precision medicine strategies. Moreover,the biological characteristics inherent to each constitution partially shed light on the scientific implications of Chinese medicinetheories, offering a fresh perspective towards clinical cancer treatment. Through molecular docking and drug-like prediction, several po tential anti-tumor drugs such as 17-beta-estradiol, serotonin, trans-resveratrol, and linoleic acid were identified. Overall, the util izationof multi-omics approaches pro vides a powerful tool to unravel the scientific foundations of TCM theories. The elucidation of themu lti-omics features associated witheach constitution in tumors serves as the basis for applying the five movements and six climates theoryto tumor molecular classification and the development of precision medicine strategies.

Skin, characterized by its distinctive gradient structure and interwoven fibers, possesses remarkable mechanical properties and highly sensitive attributes, enabling it to detect an extensive range of stimuli. Inspired by these inherent qualities, a pioneering approach involving the crosslinking of macromolecules through in situ electron beam irradiation (EBI) is proposed to fabricate gradient ionogels. Such a design offers remarkable mechanical properties, including excellent tensile properties (>1000%), exceptional toughness (100 MJ m -3 ), fatigue resistance, a broad temperature range (-65-200°C), and a distinctive gradient modulus change. Moreover, the ionogel sensor exhibits an ultra-fast response time (60 ms) comparable to skin, an incredibly low detection limit (1 kPa), and an exceptionally wide detection range (1 kPa-1 MPa). The exceptional gradient ionogel material holds tremendous promise for applications in the field of smart sensors, presenting a distinct strategy for fabricating flexible gradient materials., (© 2023 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Objective: The diagnosis of hidden hearing loss (HHL) in calm state has not yet been determined, while the nutritional status is not involved in its pathogenic risk factors. In utero iron deficiency (ID) may delay auditory neural maturation in infants. We evaluated the association between ID and HHL as well as the modification effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on this association in newborns., Study Design: We included 859 mother-newborns from the baseline of this observational northeast cohort. Data on exposure assessment included iron status [maternal hemoglobin (Hb) and neonatal heel prick serum ferritin (SF)] and SES (occupation, education and income). Auditory neural maturation was reflected by auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing and electrocochleography (ECochG)., Results: Iron status and SES were independently and jointly associated with the prediction of neonatal HHL by logistic and linear regression model. The mediation effects were performed by Process. ID increased absolute latency wave V, interpeak latency (IPL) III-V, and summting potentials (SP) /action potentials (AP), which were combined as HHL. Low SES showed the highest risk of HHL and the highest levels of related parameters in ID newborns. Moreover, after Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) were positive, preschool children who experience ID in neonatal period were more likely to suffer from otitis media with effusion (OME). High SES also showed similar risk effects., Conclusion: Both low and high SES may strengthen the risk of ID on neonatal HHL in Northeast China., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Septic cardiomyopathy (SCM) is associated with an imbalance in mitochondrial quality and high mortality rates, with no effective treatment developed to date. Curcumin provides antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular, and mitochondrial protection. However, curcumin has not been confirmed to improve cardiac dysfunction in sepsis. We hypothesized that curcumin can reduce abnormal inflammatory responses by improving mitochondrial function as a novel mechanism to improve SCM. To explore this hypothesis, we used an in vivo male C57BL/6 mouse sepsis model and an in vitro model of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated HL-1 cells. The effects of curcumin on sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction, inflammatory responses, and mitochondrial quality of cardiac cells were observed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, echocardiography, and transmission electron microscopy. Curcumin activated sirtuin 1 (SIRT1); increased expression of the mitochondrial biogenesis-related genes Pgc1α , Tfam , and Nrf2; reduced dynamin-related protein 1 translocation from the cytoplasm to mitochondria; and restored the mitochondrial morphology and function in cardiac cells. Accordingly, curcumin protected heart function after septic shock and alleviated the effects of SCM. SIRT1 knockdown reversed the protective effects of curcumin on mitochondria. Therefore, curcumin promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and inhibits mitochondrial fragmentation by activating SIRT1, thereby improving the mitochondrial quality and reducing oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes and sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction. These findings provide new evidence supporting the use of curcumin to treat SCM., Competing Interests: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Chenyang Duan reports financial support was provided by 10.13039/501100001809National Natural Science Foundation of China. Chenyang Duan reports financial support was provided by Chongqing Talents Program. Chenyang Duan reports was provided by The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Background: Oxidative stress is a significant contributor to the development of various diseases, and the oxidative balance score (OBS) is a valuable tool for assessing the impact of dietary and lifestyle factors on oxidative stress in humans. Nevertheless, the precise relationship between OBS and thyroid function in adults remains elusive., Methods: This cross-sectional study comprised 6222 adult participants drawn from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted from 2007 to 2012. Employing weighted multivariable linear regression modeling, the study estimated the connection between OBS quartiles and thyroid functions. The causal relationship between OBS components and thyroid function was analyzed by Mendelian randomization (MR)., Results: We found a significant negative correlation between OBS and free thyroxine (FT4) and total thyroxine (TT4). Univariate and multivariate MR Analyses showed a causal relationship between BMI and FT4. Copper, smoking, and riboflavin showed a causal relationship with FT4 after moderation., Conclusion: We found that a lifestyle high in antioxidant exposure reduced FT4 and TT4 levels in the population. We suggest that BMI, Copper, and Riboflavin are important factors in the regulation of FT4 levels., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Song et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

The consideration of biopolymers with natural products offers promising and effective materials with intrinsic and extrinsic properties that are utilized in several applications. Electrospinning is a method known for its unique and efficient performance in developing polymer-based nanofibers with tunable and diverse properties presented as good surface area, morphology, porosity, and fiber diameters during fabrication. In this work, we have developed an electrospun sodium alginate (SA) incorporated with pulverized Moringa oleifera seed powder (PMO) as a potential natural biosorbent material for water treatment applications. The developed fibers when observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), presented pure sodium alginate with smooth fiber (SAF) characteristics of an average diameter of about 515.09 nm (±114.33). Addition of pulverized Moringa oleifera at 0.5%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% (w/w) reduces the fiber diameter to an average of about 240 nm with a few spindle-like pulverized Moringa oleifera particles beads of 300 nm (±77.97) 0.5% particle size and 110 nm (±32.19) with the clear observation of rougher spindle-like pulverized Moringa oleifera particle beads of 680 nm (±131.77) at 8% of alginate/ Moringa oleifera fiber (AMF). The results from the rheology presented characteristic shear-thinning or pseudoplastic behaviour with a decline in viscosity, with characteristic behaviour as the shear rate increases, indicative of an ideal polymer solution suitable for the spinning process. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) shows the presence of amine and amide functional groups are prevalent on the alginate-impregnated moringa with water stability nanofibers and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) with change in degradation properties in a clear indication and successful incorporation of the Moringa oleifera in the electrospun fiber. The key findings from this study position nanofibers as sustainable composites fiber for potential applications in water treatment, especifically heavy metal adsorption., Competing Interests: There is no conflict of interest in this article., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Sepsis is a dysregulated response to infection that can result in life-threatening organ failure, and septic cardiomyopathy is a serious complication involving ferroptosis. Olaparib, a classic targeted drug used in oncology, has demonstrated potential protective effects against sepsis. However, the exact mechanisms underlying its action remain to be elucidated. In our study, we meticulously screened ferroptosis genes associated with sepsis, and conducted comprehensive functional enrichment analyses to delineate the relationship between ferroptosis and mitochondrial damage. Eight sepsis-characterized ferroptosis genes were identified in sepsis patients, including DPP4, LPIN1, PGD, HP, MAPK14, POR, GCLM, and SLC38A1, which were significantly correlated with mitochondrial quality imbalance. Utilizing DrugBank and molecular docking, we demonstrated a robust interaction of Olaparib with these genes. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated HL-1 cells and monocytes were used to establish an in vitro sepsis model. Additionally, an in vivo model was developed using mice subjected to cecal ligation and perforation (CLP). Intriguingly, low-dose Olaparib (5 mg/kg) effectively targeted and mitigated markers associated with ferroptosis, concurrently improving mitochondrial quality. This led to a marked enhancement in cardiac function and a significant increase in survival rates in septic mice (p < 0.05). The mechanism through which Olaparib ameliorates ferroptosis in cardiac and leukocyte cells post-sepsis is attributed to its facilitation of mitophagy, thus favoring mitochondrial integrity. In conclusion, our findings suggest that low-dose Olaparib can improve mitochondrial quality by accelerating mitophagy flux, consequently inhibiting ferroptosis and preserving cardiac function after sepsis., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Cedirogant is an inverse agonist of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma thymus (RORγt) developed for the treatment of moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis. Here, we report the results from two phase I studies in which the pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and efficacy of cedirogant in healthy participants and patients with moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis were evaluated. The studies consisted of single (20-750 mg) and multiple (75-375 mg once-daily [q.d.]) ascending dose designs, with effect of food and itraconazole on cedirogant exposure also evaluated. Safety and PK were evaluated for both healthy participants and psoriasis patients, and efficacy was assessed in psoriasis patients. Following single and multiple doses, cedirogant mean terminal half-life ranged from 16 to 28 h and median time to reach maximum plasma concentration ranged from 2 to 5 h across both populations. Cedirogant plasma exposures were dose-proportional after single doses and less than dose-proportional from 75 to 375 mg q.d. doses. Steady-state concentrations were achieved within 12 days. Accumulation ratios ranged from approximately 1.2 to 1.8 across tested doses. Food had minimal effect and itraconazole had limited impact on cedirogant exposure. No discontinuations or serious adverse events due to cedirogant were recorded. Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and Self-Assessment of Psoriasis Symptoms (SAPS) assessments demonstrated numerical improvement with treatment of cedirogant 375 mg q.d. compared with placebo. The PK, safety, and efficacy profiles of cedirogant supported advancing it to phase II clinical trial in psoriasis patients., (© 2023 AbbVie Inc and The Authors. Clinical and Translational Science published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics.)

Objectives: To evaluate the performance of automatic deep learning (DL) algorithm for size, mass, and volume measurements in predicting prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and compared with manual measurements., Methods: A total of 542 patients with clinical stage 0-I peripheral LUAD and with preoperative CT data of 1-mm slice thickness were included. Maximal solid size on axial image (MSSA) was evaluated by two chest radiologists. MSSA, volume of solid component (SV), and mass of solid component (SM) were evaluated by DL. Consolidation-to-tumor ratios (CTRs) were calculated. For ground glass nodules (GGNs), solid parts were extracted with different density level thresholds. The prognosis prediction efficacy of DL was compared with that of manual measurements. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to find independent risk factors., Results: The prognosis prediction efficacy of T-staging (TS) measured by radiologists was inferior to that of DL. For GGNs, MSSA-based CTR measured by radiologists ( R MSSA%) could not stratify RFS and OS risk, whereas measured by DL using 0HU ( 2D-AI MSSA 0HU %) could by using different cutoffs. SM and SV measured by DL using 0 HU ( AI SM 0HU % and AI SV 0HU %) could effectively stratify the survival risk regardless of different cutoffs and were superior to 2D-AI MSSA 0HU %. AI SM 0HU % and AI SV 0HU % were independent risk factors., Conclusion: DL algorithm can replace human for more accurate T-staging of LUAD. For GGNs, 2D-AI MSSA 0HU % could predict prognosis rather than R MSSA%. The prediction efficacy of AI SM 0HU % and AI SV 0HU % was more accurate than of 2D-AI MSSA 0HU % and both were independent risk factors., Clinical Relevance Statement: Deep learning algorithm could replace human for size measurements and could better stratify prognosis than manual measurements in patients with lung adenocarcinoma., Key Points: • Deep learning (DL) algorithm could replace human for size measurements and could better stratify prognosis than manual measurements in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). • For GGNs, maximal solid size on axial image (MSSA)-based consolidation-to-tumor ratio (CTR) measured by DL using 0 HU could stratify survival risk than that measured by radiologists. • The prediction efficacy of mass- and volume-based CTRs measured by DL using 0 HU was more accurate than of MSSA-based CTR and both were independent risk factors., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to European Society of Radiology.)

Hypothyroidism has been suggested to play a role in tumor progression. However, the causal association between hypothyroidism and lung cancer remains unknow. To elucidate the potential association between hypothyroidism and lung cancer risk, we employ a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. MR was performed to analyze pooled data from the International Lung Cancer Consortium (11,348 cases and 15,861 controls; European ancestry) to determine the causal relationship between hypothyroidism and lung cancer. We used 36, 83, and 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms as instrumental variables for hypothyroidism/myxoedema, hypothyroidism, and exercise, respectively. We further investigated the mechanisms involved in transcriptome analysis using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression database. We conducted an initial validation of intermediary factor using a two-step MR analysis. Genetically predicted hypothyroidism was significantly related to the risk of overall lung cancer, specifically the risk of lung squamous cell cancer (LSCC) but not with the risk of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) as assessed using the inverse-variance weighted (IVM) method. A similar causal association was found between hypothyroidism/myxoedema and the risk of lung cancer, LSCC, and LUAD. Transcriptome analysis showed that genes associated with hypothyroidism, lung cancer, and LSCC were enriched in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and oxidative stress response. However, genes related to hypothyroidism and LUAD did not exhibit enrichment in these pathways. Hypothyroidism was significantly associated with strenuous sports or other exercises. Moreover, genetically predicted exercise was significantly related to the risk of overall lung cancer, and LSCC, but not LUAD. We detected no horizontal pleiotropy using the MR-PRESSO and MR Egger regression intercept. Hypothyroidism was causally associated with a lower risk of lung cancer, and these effects might be mediated by the oxidative stress response and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Therefore, our study suggests that the potential factors and viable etiologies of hypothyroidism that contributed to lung cancer risk deserve further investigation., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors.)

Objective: To explore the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and postoperative outcomes in patients with chronic sinusitis (CRS) after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS)., Methods: We conducted an observational cohort study of 1,047 patients with CRS undergoing ESS. Discharged patients were followed up to 72 weeks for all-cause recurrence events. Baseline SES was established based on occupation, education level, and family income of the patients 1 year before the operation. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the recovery rate after ESS, and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between SES and prognosis., Results: Patients of middle SES had lower unadjusted all-cause recurrence than those of low or high SES; 24-week overall recovery rate was 90.4% [95 % confidence interval ( CI ): 89.6%-91.2%] in patients of middle SES, 13.5% (95 % CI : 12.8%-14.2%) in patients of low SES, and 31.7% (95 % CI : 30.7%-32.7%) in patients of high SES (both log-rank P < 0.001). After adjustment for covariates, hazard ratios ( HRs ) were 7.69 (95 % CI : 6.17-9.71, P trend < 0.001) for all-cause recurrence for low SES versus middle SES, and 6.19 (95 % CI : 4.78-7.93, P trend < 0.001) for middle SES versus high SES., Conclusion: Low SES and high SES were more associated with the worse prognosis of CRS patients after ESS than middle SES., (Copyright © 2023 The Editorial Board of Biomedical and Environmental Sciences. Published by China CDC. All rights reserved.)

Owing to the high energy density, ultrahigh-nickel (Ni > 0.9) layered oxides are used as promising cathode materials for next-generation Li-ion batteries. Unfortunately, the serious pulverization and rapid capacity fading during cycling limit the commercial viability of an ultrahigh-nickel oxide cathode. Herein, the introduction of Ga into LiNi 0.96 Co 0.04 O 2 brings a radially aligned microstructural change of oxide microspheres during the lithiation of the Ni 0.96 Co 0.04 (OH) 2 precursor. As expected, such radially aligned needle-like primary grains on microspheres have a positive influence to reduce the anisotropic volume change and suppress the formation of microcracks of Ga-induced Li(Ni 0.96 Co 0.04 ) 0.99 Ga 0.01 O 2 during cycling. Specifically, compared with irregular primary grains of LiNi 0.96 Co 0.04 O 2 , Ga-induced oxide presents a high initial discharge capacity of 227.9 mA h g -1 at 0.1C rate between 2.8 and 4.3 V. Especially, Ga-induced oxide delivers higher initial discharge capacities of 233.9 and 240.3 mA h g -1 with higher cutoff charge voltages of 4.4 and 4.5 V at 0.1C, respectively. Furthermore, a good capacity retention of 74.1% at 1 C rate is obtained after 300 cycles, which is almost 85% higher than that of the pristine sample, mainly due to the generation of microcracks of oxide microspheres during the long-term cycle. Therefore, the introduction of Ga into LiNi 0.96 Co 0.04 O 2 is a feasible approach for improving the microstructure and cycling stability of the ultrahigh-Ni layered oxides.

Background: Compared with blind technique, ultrasound (US) transducer-guided technique for radial artery puncture can improve the success rate. However, difficulty in handling US transducer-guided technology is a key limitation to its wider use. The aim of the study was to explore the effect of guide marks on the side of US transducer on the success rate of US transducer-guided radial artery puncture., Methods: In this parallel-group trial, 127 patients undergoing elective liver cancer resection and splenectomy under general anesthesia were randomly allocated to the traditional group or the Intervention group. The traditional group used the conventional US transducer-guided radial artery puncture technology, while the Intervention group used the US transducer-guided radial artery puncture technology with the guide marks on the side of the US transducer probe. The primary observation index was success rate of radial artery cannulation at the first attempt; the secondary observation indices were failure rate of cannulation, location time, and total time for successful cannulation., Results: The successful rate of cannulation in the Intervention group (59 out of 63, 93.6%) was greater than that in the traditional group (50 out of 64, 78.1%, p  = 0.01). The posterior wall puncture rate in the Intervention group was lower than that in the traditional group (11.1% vs 32.8%, p  = 0.005). The location time in the Intervention group was longer than that in the traditional group (20.1 ± 3.8 vs 16.6 ± 4.0 s, p  < .001), while the total cannulation time was significantly shorter (20.7 ± 4.3 vs 32.4 ± 7.4 s, p  < 0.001)., Conclusion: Using guide marks on the side of US transducer can help improve success rate of US transducer-guided radial artery puncture at the first attempt and reduce the risk of puncture-related complications., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Hypoxic-ischemic injury is a common pathological dysfunction in clinical settings. Mitochondria are sensitive organelles that are readily damaged following ischemia and hypoxia. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) regulates mitochondrial quality and cellular functions via its oligomeric changes and multiple modifications, which plays a role in mediating the induction of multiple organ damage during hypoxic-ischemic injury. However, there is active controversy and gaps in knowledge regarding the modification, protein interaction, and functions of Drp1, which both hinder and promote development of Drp1 as a novel therapeutic target. Here, we summarize recent findings on the oligomeric changes, modification types, and protein interactions of Drp1 in various hypoxic-ischemic diseases, as well as the Drp1-mediated regulation of mitochondrial quality and cell functions following ischemia and hypoxia. Additionally, potential clinical translation prospects for targeting Drp1 are discussed. This review provides new ideas and targets for proactive interventions on multiple organ damage induced by various hypoxic-ischemic diseases., (© 2023. People´s Military Medical Press.)

Background: This study aimed to identify the key genes involved in the development of multiple primary lung cancers., Methods: Differential expression analysis was performed, followed by comparing the infiltration levels of 22 immune cell types between multiple and single primary lung adenocarcinomas. Marker genes for epithelial cells with different proportions between the two types of lung adenocarcinomas were identified. The common genes between the marker genes and differentially expressed genes were identified. Finally, the effects of the key genes were tested on the in vitro proliferation, migration and morphology., Results: The infiltration levels of helper follicular T cells, resting NK cells, activated NK cells, M2 macrophages and resting mast cells were higher in the patients with multiple than in those with single primary lung adenocarcinomas. A total of 1553 differentially expressed genes and 4414 marker genes of epithelial cells were identified. Logistic regression analysis was performed on the 164 resulting genes. The macrophage migration inhibitory factor expression was positively associated with the occurrence of multiple primary lung adenocarcinomas. Moreover, its signalling pathway was the key pathway among the epithelial cells and multiple and single primary lung adenocarcinoma cells, and it was upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma cells. It also increased the expression of lung cancer markers, including NES and CA125, induced morphological changes in alveolar epithelial type II cells, and promoted their proliferation, migration and invasion., Conclusions: Multiple and single primary lung adenocarcinomas have different tumour immune microenvironments, and migration inhibitory factor may be a key factor in the occurrence of multiple primary lung adenocarcinomas., (© 2023 The Authors. Clinical and Translational Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics.)

Objective: SARS-CoV-2 infection increases the risk of diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in both adults and children. We investigated the clinical course of new-onset type 2 diabetes in youth presenting with DKA during the COVID-19 pandemic., Methods: This single-center retrospective cohort study included 148 subjects with obesity aged 10 to 21 years, admitted with DKA from January 2018 to January 2022. Groups were defined by the presence of DKA precipitant: any infection (n = 38, 26%), which included the SARS-CoV-2 (n = 10, 7%) and other infection (n = 28, 19%) groups, and no infection (n = 110, 74%). The primary outcome was insulin discontinuation within a 12-month follow-up., Results: The mean age was 14.9 years (IQR, 13.8-16.5), and age-adjusted body mass index (%) was 99.1 (IQR, 98.0-99.5) with 85.8% identifying as Black or Hispanic. There were no differences in DKA severity among groups. The incidence of DKA was higher during the pandemic (March 2020-January 2022, n = 117) than in the prepandemic period (January 2018-February 2020, n = 31). Within the first year after the acute DKA episode, 46 patients discontinued all insulin within 9 months (IQR, 4-14). Sixteen subjects restarted insulin 10 months (IQR, 6.5-11.0) after insulin discontinuation. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 at diagnosis was not associated with the likelihood (P =.57) or timing (P =.27) of discontinuing all insulin within 1 year, nor was having any infection., Conclusion: The incidence of DKA at the onset of type 2 diabetes was higher during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic than in the prepandemic period. SARS-CoV-2 infection was not associated with DKA severity or insulin discontinuation within the first year of diagnosis in youth with new-onset type 2 diabetes and DKA., Competing Interests: Disclosure G.E.U. has received research support (to Emory University) from Bayer, Abbott and Dexcom. He served on an advisory board for Dexcom. PV has served on an advisory board for the Mitre Corporation and Eli Lilly. The other authors have no multiplicity of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2023 AACE. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Cycling stability and safety are two of the main challenges facing lithium metal batteries with metallic lithium as anodes. Quasi-solid-state lithium metal batteries based on gel polymer electrolytes are one of the important development directions for lithium metal batteries addressing those challenges. Herein, we prepare lithiated phosphoryl cellulose nanocrystals (PCNC-Li) as a modification material for poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) gel polymer electrolyte to improve cycling stability and safety of quasi-solid-state lithium metal batteries. The synthesized PCNC-Li tends to form a uniform network structure on the surface of the PVDF membrane, in which the phosphoryl groups grafted regularly on celluloses can regulate the transport of lithium ions. As a result, a more uniform ion flux and more stable lithium anode interface support an obviously improved cycling stability for lithium metal batteries. Moreover, the introduction of the PCNC-Li coating layer makes the modified PVDF membranes have a better thermal stability and an enhanced mechanical strength, which is beneficial for improvement of safety of lithium metal batteries. This work provides a new alternative to fabricating a better composite gel polymer electrolyte for lithium metal batteries.

The distribution and fractionation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in different matrices refer to how these pollutants are dispersed and separated within various environmental compartments. This is a significant study area as it helps us understand the transport efficiencies and long-range transport potentials of POPs to enter remote areas, particularly polar regions. This study provides a comprehensive review of the progress in understanding the distribution and fractionation of POPs. We focus on the contributions of four intermedia processes (dry and wet depositions for gaseous and particulate POPs) and determine their transfer between air and soil. These processes are controlled by their partitioning between gaseous and particulate phases in the atmosphere. The distribution patterns and fractionations can be categorized into primary and secondary types. Equations are developed to quantificationally study the primary and secondary distributions and fractionations of POPs. The analysis results suggest that the transfer of low molecular weight (LMW) POPs from air to soil is mainly through gas diffusion and particle deposition, whereas high molecular weight (HMW) POPs are mainly via particle deposition. HMW-POPs tend to be trapped near the source, whereas LMW-POPs are more prone to undergo long-range atmospheric transport. This crucial distinction elucidates the primary reason behind their temperature-independent primary fractionation. However, the secondary distribution and fractionation can only be observed along a temperature gradient, such as latitudinal or altitudinal transects. An animation is produced by a one-dimensional transport model to simulate conceptively the transport of CB-28 and CB-180, revealing the similarities and differences between the primary and secondary distributions and fractionations. We suggest that the decreasing temperature trend along latitudes is not the major reason for POPs to be fractionated into the polar ecosystems, but drives the longer-term accumulation of POPs in cold climates or polar cold trapping., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Author(s).)

Large quantities of solutions containing oxalic acid and nitric acid are produced from nuclear fuel reprocessing, but oxalic acid must be removed before nitric acid and plutonium ions can be recovered in these solutions. The degradation of oxalic acid with Pt/SiO 2 as a catalyst in nitric acid solutions has the characteristics of a fast and stable reaction, recyclable catalyst, and no introduction of impurity ions into the system. This method is one of the preferred alternatives to the currently used reaction of KMnO 4 with oxalic acid but lacks theoretical support. Therefore, this study attempts to clarify the reaction mechanism of the method. First, there was no induction period for this catalytic reaction, and no evidence was found that the nitrous acid produced in the solution could have an effect on oxalic acid degradation. Furthermore, oxidation intermediates (structures of Pt-O) were formed through this reaction between NO 3 - adsorbed on the active sites and Pt on the catalyst surface, but H + greatly promoted the reaction. Additionally, oxalic acid degradation through the oxidative dehydrogenation reaction occurred between oxalic acid molecules (HOOC-COOH) and Pt-O, with ·OOC-COOH, which is easily self-decomposable especially in acidic solution, generated simultaneously, and finally CO 2 was produced., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Background: Colon cancer (CC) is a highly heterogeneous malignancy associated with high morbidity and mortality. Pyroptosis is a type of programmed cell death characterized by an inflammatory response that can affect the tumor immune microenvironment and has potential prognostic and therapeutic value. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between pyroptosis-related gene (PRG) expression and CC., Methods: Based on the expression profiles of PRGs, we classified CC samples from The Cancer Gene Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases into different clusters by unsupervised clustering analysis. The best prognostic signature was screened and established using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate COX regression analyses. Subsequently, a nomogram was established based on multivariate COX regression analysis. Next, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and gene set variation analysis (GSVA) were performed to explore the potential molecular mechanisms between the high- and low-risk groups and to explore the differences in clinicopathological characteristics, gene mutation characteristics, abundance of infiltrating immune cells, and immune microenvironment between the two groups. We also evaluated the association between common immune checkpoints and drug sensitivity using risk scores. The immunohistochemistry staining was utilized to confirm the expression of the selected genes in the prognostic model in CC., Results: The 1163 CC samples were divided into two clusters (clusters A and B) based on the expression profiles of the 33 PRGs. Genes with prognostic value were screened from the DEGs between the two clusters, and an eight PRGs prognostic model was constructed. GSEA and GSVA of the high- and low-risk groups revealed that they were mainly enriched in inflammatory response-related pathways. Compared to those in the low-risk group, patients in the high-risk group had worse overall survival, an immunosuppressive microenvironment, and worse sensitivity to immunotherapy and drug treatment., Conclusion: Our findings provide a foundation for future research targeting pyroptosis and new insights into prognosis and immunotherapy from the perspective of pyroptosis in CC., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Wu, Hao, Wang, Su, Du, Zhou, Yang and Du.)

Although organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the Stockholm Convention List were banned for a period of time, the residue of OCPs in environment was still detected recently. Therefore, the continuous environmental monitoring was necessary and important for the deep understanding on the temporal trend of environmental fate of OCPs. In this study, the national scale surface soil samples in 26 provinces of China in 2012 were collected, and 28 OCPs were analyzed. The mean concentrations (ng/g dw) of Σhexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), Σdichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDTs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD) were 2.47 ± 5.4, 4.29 ± 8.28, 3.33 ± 7.68, and 0.041 ± 0.097, respectively. The correlations between OCPs concentrations with temperature, latitude, and longitude were conducted for the deep study of the spatial distribution pattern of OCPs. It was found that HCHs, HCB, and HCBD are positively correlated with latitude and longitude; however, the correlations were not significant. HCHs followed the secondary distribution pattern, and DDTs followed both the primary and/or secondary distribution patterns. Except for HCB, other OCPs showed a gradual downward trend from 2005 to 2012, indicating the effectiveness of the phase-out of OCPs. In summary, the results of the study provided new insight into the related studies, which will help us to better understand the long-term environmental fate of OCPs on large scales., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Owing to the complex pathophysiological features and heterogeneity of sepsis, current diagnostic methods are not sufficiently precise or timely, causing a delay in treatment. It has been suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in sepsis. However, the role and mechanism of mitochondria-related genes in the diagnostic and immune microenvironment of sepsis have not been sufficiently investigated., Methods: Mitochondria-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between human sepsis and normal samples from GSE65682 dataset. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and the Support Vector Machine (SVM) analyses were carried out to locate potential diagnostic biomarkers. Gene ontology and gene set enrichment analyses were conducted to identify the key signaling pathways associated with these biomarker genes. Furthermore, correlation of these genes with the proportion of infiltrating immune cells was estimated using CIBERSORT. The expression and diagnostic value of the diagnostic genes were evaluated using GSE9960 and GSE134347 datasets and septic patients. Furthermore, we established an in vitro sepsis model using lipopolysaccharide (1 µg/mL)-stimulated CP-M191 cells. Mitochondrial morphology and function were evaluated in PBMCs from septic patients and CP-M191 cells, respectively., Results: In this study, 647 mitochondrion-related DEGs were obtained. Machine learning confirmed six critical mitochondrion-related DEGs, including PID1 , CS , CYP1B1 , FLVCR1 , IFIT2 , and MAPK14 . We then developed a diagnostic model using the six genes, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves indicated that the novel diagnostic model based on the above six critical genes screened sepsis samples from normal samples with area under the curve (AUC) = 1.000, which was further demonstrated in the GSE9960 and GSE134347 datasets and our cohort. Importantly, we also found that the expression of these genes was associated with different kinds of immune cells. In addition, mitochondrial dysfunction was mainly manifested by the promotion of mitochondrial fragmentation (p<0.05), impaired mitochondrial respiration (p<0.05), decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (p<0.05), and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation (p<0.05) in human sepsis and LPS-simulated in vitro sepsis models., Conclusion: We constructed a novel diagnostic model containing six MRGs, which has the potential to be an innovative tool for the early diagnosis of sepsis., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The handling editor CD declared a shared affiliation with the author MH at the time of the review., (Copyright © 2023 Hao, Huang, Xu, Wang, Song, Jiang, Huo and Gu.)

Objective: To construct a survival prediction model for patients with TNM stage III hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to guide the clinical diagnosis and treatment of HCC patients and improve prognosis., Methods: Based on data from patients with stage III (AJCC 7th TNM stage) recorded by the American Institute of Cancer Research from 2010 to 2013, risk factors affecting the prognosis were screened by Cox univariate and multivariate regression, line plots was constructed, and the credibility of the model was verified by Boostrap method. ROC operating curves, calibration curves and DCA clinical decision curves were used to evaluate the model, and Kaplan-Meier was used for survival analysis was used to evaluate the efficacy of the model. External survival data from patients newly diagnosed with stage III hepatocellular carcinoma during 2014-2015 were used to validate and fit the model and to optimize the model., Results: Age > 75 years vs.18-53 years [HR = 1.502; 95%CI(1.134-1.990)], stage IIIC vs. Stage IIIA [HR = 1.930; 95%CI(1.509-2.470)], lobotomy vs. non-surgery [HR = 0.295; 95%CI(0.228-0.383)], radiotherapy vs. non-radiotherapy [HR = 0.481; 95%CI(0.373-0.619)], chemotherapy vs. Non-chemotherapy [HR = 0.443; 95%CI(0.381-0.515)], positive serum AFP before treatment vs. negative [HR = 1.667; 95%CI(1.356-2.049)], the above indicators are independent prognostic factors for patients with stage III hepatocellular carcinoma, and the P values for the above results were less than 0.05. A joint prediction model was constructed based on age, TNM stage, whether and how to operate, whether to receive radiotherapy, whether to receive chemotherapy, pre-treatment serum AFP status and liver fibrosis score. The consistency index of the improved prognosis model was 0.725., Conclusions: The traditional TNM staging has limitations for clinical diagnosis and treatment, while the Nomogram model modified by TNM staging has good predictive efficacy and clinical significance., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Aim: To assess whether the beta-cell function of inpatients undergoing antidiabetic treatment influences achieving time in range (TIR) and time above range (TAR) targets., Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 180 inpatients with type 2 diabetes. TIR and TAR were assessed by a continuous glucose monitoring system, with target achievement defined as TIR more than 70% and TAR less than 25%. Beta-cell function was assessed by the insulin secretion-sensitivity index-2 (ISSI2)., Results: Following antidiabetic treatment, logistic regression analysis showed that lower ISSI2 was associated with a decreased number of inpatients achieving TIR (OR = 3.10, 95% CI: 1.19-8.06) and TAR (OR = 3.40, 95% CI: 1.35-8.55) targets after adjusting for potential confounders. Similar associations still existed in those participants treated with insulin secretagogues (TIR: OR = 2.91, 95% CI: 0.90-9.36, P = .07; TAR, OR = 3.14, 95% CI: 1.01-9.80) or adequate insulin therapy (TIR: OR = 2.84, 95% CI: 0.91-8.81, P = .07; TAR, OR = 3.24, 95% CI: 1.08-9.67). Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic curves showed that the diagnostic value of the ISSI2 for achieving TIR and TAR targets was 0.73 (95% CI: 0.66-0.80) and 0.71 (95% CI: 0.63-0.79), respectively., Conclusions: Beta-cell function was associated with achieving TIR and TAR targets. Stimulating insulin secretion or exogenous insulin treatment could not overcome the disadvantage of lower beta-cell function on glycaemic control., (© 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: To study the role of computed tomography (CT)-derived radiomics features and clinical characteristics on the prognosis of "driver gene-negative" lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and to explore the potential molecular biological which may be helpful for patients' individual postoperative care., Methods: A total of 180 patients with stage I-III "driver gene-negative" LUAD in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from September 2003 to June 2015 were retrospectively collected. The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) Cox regression model was used to screen radiomics features and calculated the Rad-score. The prediction performance of the nomogram model based on radiomics features and clinical characteristics was validated and then assessed with respect to calibration. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to explore the relevant biological pathways., Results: The radiomics and the clinicopathological characteristics were combined to construct a nomogram resulted in better performance for the estimation of OS (C-index: 0.815; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.756-0.874) than the clinicopathological nomogram (C-index: 0.765; 95% CI: 0.692-0.837). Decision curve analysis demonstrated that in terms of clinical usefulness, the radiomics nomogram outperformed the traditional staging system and the clinicopathological nomogram. The clinical prognostic risk score of each patient was calculated based on the radiomics nomogram and divided by X-tile into high-risk (> 65.28) and low-risk (≤ 65.28) groups. GSEA results showed that the low-risk score group was directly related to amino acid metabolism, and the high-risk score group was related to immune and metabolism pathways., Conclusions: The radiomics nomogram was promising to predict the prognosis of patients with "driver gene-negative" LUAD. The metabolism and immune-related pathways may provide new treatment orientation for this genetically unique subset of patients, which may serve as a potential tool to guide individual postoperative care for those patients., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Traditional luminescent ionogels often suffer from poor mechanical properties and a lack of recyclability and regeneration, which limits their further application and sustainable development. Herein, a luminescent ionogel with strong mechanical properties and good recyclability has been designed and fabricated by introducing dynamic coordination bonds via in situ one-step crosslinking of acrylic acid in ionic liquid of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium diethylphosphate by zinc dimethacrylate. Due to the special crosslinking of dynamic coordination bonds along with the hydrogen bond interaction, the as-prepared ionogel displays excellent stretchability and toughness, good self-adhesiveness, fast self-healability, and recyclability. Interestingly, the obtained ionogels exhibit tunable photoluminescence caused by the crosslink-enhanced emission (CEE) effect from the coordination bonds. Importantly, ionogels can be applied in information storage, information encryption, anti-counterfeiting due to their simple and in situ preparation method, and their special fluorescence performances. Moreover, an ionogel-based wearable sensor has rapid response time and a high gauge factor of 3.22 within a wide strain range from 1 to 700%, which can monitor various human movements accurately from subtle to large-scale motions. This paper offers a promising way to fabricate sustainable functional ionic liquid-based composites with CEE characteristics via an in situ one-step polymerization method.

Objective: To evaluate the adverse effects and particularly the anesthetic effect of low-dose etomidate combined with oxycodone and midazolam in endoscopic injection sclerotherapy., Materials and Methods: We herein report a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. It included patients with liver cirrhosis (age, 18 - 65 years; BMI, 18 - 25 kg/m 2 ) who were treated with endoscopic injection sclerotherapy, and the patients were randomly assigned to the propofol group or the etomidate group. The incidence of respiratory depression was the primary outcome measure. The occurrence of various adverse effects and endoscopist satisfaction score were the secondary outcome measures., Results: In this study, we enrolled a total of 96 patients. The incidence of respiratory depression in the propofol group was 19%, while that in the etomidate group was only 4% (9/47 vs. 2/49; p = 0.026). Regarding the secondary outcome measures, the incidence of hypoxia in the propofol group was 15%, while that in the etomidate group was only 2% (7/47 vs. 1/49; p = 0.029). Injection-site pain occurred in 0% and 23% of the patients in the etomidate group and propofol group, respectively (p < 0.001). Endoscopist satisfaction scores were classified as "poor", "fair", "good", and "very good". The scores were 17% higher (46/49 vs. 36/47; p = 0.026) for the "very good" level and 15% lower (3/49 vs. 10/47; p = 0.038) for the "good" level in the etomidate group than in the propofol group., Conclusion: Low-dose etomidate combined with oxycodone and midazolam for endoscopic injection sclerotherapy could reduce the incidence of hypoxia without increasing the incidence of complications.

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by progressive decline in pancreatic β-cell function. Studies in adult subjects with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes have reported that intensive insulin therapy followed by various antihyperglycemic medications can delay β-cell decline. However, this improvement is lost after cessation of therapy. In contrast, youth with type 2 diabetes experience a more rapid loss in β-cell function compared with adults and have loss of β-cell function despite being on insulin and other antihyperglycemic medications. In part one of this two-part review, we discuss studies aiming to achieve diabetes remission with insulin and oral antidiabetic medications., Competing Interests: Disclosure S. Hao and P. Vellanki have no disclosures. G.E. Umpierrez has received unrestricted support for research studies to Emory University from AstraZeneca and Dexcom. T. Daley has support from Dexcom for research studies., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by progressive decline in pancreatic β-cell function. Newer agents, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) and dual incretin agonists, can augment β-cell function and delay the need for additional antihyperglycemics. However, the effect on β-cell function ceases after stopping the medications. When combined with intensive lifestyle modifications, higher doses of GLP-1RA than those used for diabetes treatment can be used to induce weight loss. More research is needed on whether the weight loss achieved with GLP1-RA can be sustained after stopping medication and in turn can sustain diabetes remission., Competing Interests: Disclosure S. Hao and P. Vellanki have no disclosures. G.E. Umpierrez has received unrestricted support for research studies (to Emory University) from AstraZeneca and Dexcom., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The improvement of treatment for patients with 'driver-gene-negative' lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains a critical problem to be solved. We aimed to explore the role of methylation of N6 adenosine (m6A)-related long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in stratifying 'driver-gene-negative' LUAD risk. Patients negative for mutations in EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, HER2, MET, ALK, RET, and ROS1 were identified as 'driver-gene-negative' cases. RNA sequencing was performed in 46 paired tumors and adjacent normal tissues from patients with 'driver-gene-negative' LUAD. Twenty-three m6A regulators and relevant lncRNAs were identified using Pearson's correlation analysis. K-means cluster analysis was used to stratify patients, and a prognostic nomogram was developed. The CIBERSORT and pRRophetic algorithms were employed to quantify the immune microenvironment and chemosensitivity. We identified two clusters highly consistent with the prognosis based on their unique expression profiles for 46 m6AlncRNAs. A risk model constructed from nine m6A lncRNAs could stratify patients into high- and low-risk groups with promising predictive power (C-index = 0.824), and the risk score was an independent prognostic factor. The clusters and risk models were closely related to immune characteristics and chemosensitivity. Additional pan-cancer analysis using the nine m6AlncRNAs showed that the expression of DIO3 opposite strand upstream RNA (DIO3OS) is closely related to the immune/stromal score and tumor stemness in a variety of cancers. Our results show that m6AlncRNAs are a reliable prognostic tool and can aid treatment decision-making in 'driver-gene-negative' LUAD. DIO3OS is associated with the development of various cancers and has potential clinical applications., (© 2022 The Authors. Molecular Oncology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Federation of European Biochemical Societies.)

In this paper, via a facile wet coating method, the LaPO 4 coating layer has been introduced onto the LiNi 0.87 Co 0.09 Al 0.04 O 2 (NCA) surface while a small part of La 3+ has also been doped on the surface to realize the dual functions modification of coating and doping. The morphology and structure of the samples were investigated by XRD, SEM and TEM measurements. The chemical compositions of the samples were analyzed via EDS and XPS data. The results showed that the coating of LaPO 4 and the doping of La 3+ were successfully achieved on the surface of NCA. Electrochemical tests indicate that the sample modified with 2 wt% LaPO 4 (L2-NCA) possesses the best electrochemical performance. After 100 cycles, compared with the capacity retention rate of pristine NCA of 87.1%/74.2% at 0.5 C at 25 °C/60 °C, L2-NCA showed better cycling stability, and the capacity retention rate increased to 96.0%/85.1%, respectively. Besides, the rate performance of the modified samples at 1 C, 2 C and 5 C were also significantly improved. These satisfactory results reveal that the surface modification of LaPO 4 provides a feasible scheme to uprate the performance of Ni-rich cathode materials., (© 2022 IOP Publishing Ltd.)

As technology advances, Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) is boosting overall system efficiency and productivity. However, allowing robots to be present closely with humans will inevitably put higher demands on precise human motion tracking and prediction. Datasets that contain both humans and robots operating in the shared space are receiving growing attention as they may facilitate a variety of robotics and human-systems research. Datasets that track HRI with rich information other than video images during daily activities are rarely seen. In this paper, we introduce a novel dataset that focuses on social navigation between humans and robots in a future-oriented Wholesale and Retail Trade (WRT) environment ( https://uf-retail-cobot-dataset.github.io/ ). Eight participants performed the tasks that are commonly undertaken by consumers and retail workers. More than 260 minutes of data were collected, including robot and human trajectories, human full-body motion capture, eye gaze directions, and other contextual information. Comprehensive descriptions of each category of data stream, as well as potential use cases are included. Furthermore, analysis with multiple data sources and future directions are discussed., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Background: Antibodies and derivative drugs targeting immune checkpoints have been approved for the treatment of several malignancies, but there are fewer responses in patients with pancreatic cancer. Here, we designed a nanobody molecule with bi-targeting on PD-L1 and CXCR4, as both targets are overexpressed in many cancer cells and play important roles in tumorigenesis. We characterized the biochemical and anti-tumour activities of the bispecific nanobodies in vitro and in vivo., Methods: A nanobody molecule was designed and constructed. The nanobody sequences targeting PD-L1 and CXCR4 were linked by the (G 4 S) 3 flexible peptide to construct the anti-PD-L1/CXCR4 bispecific nanobody. The bispecific nanobody was expressed in E. coli cells and purified by affinity chromatography. The purified nanobody was biochemically characterized by mass spectrometry, Western blotting and flow cytometry to confirm the molecule and its association with both PD-L1 and CXCR4. The biological function of the nanobody and its anti-tumour effects were examined by an in vitro tumour cell-killing assay and in vivo tumour inhibition in mouse xenograft models., Results: A novel anti-PD-L1/CXCR4 bispecific nanobody was designed, constructed and characterized. The molecule specifically bound to two targets on the surface of human cancer cells and inhibited CXCL12-induced Jurkat cell migration. The bispecific nanobody increased the level of IFN-γ secreted by T-cell activation. The cytotoxicity of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) against pancreatic cancer cells was enhanced by the molecule in combination with IL-2. In a human pancreatic cancer xenograft model, the anti-PD-L1/CXCR4 nanobody markedly inhibited tumour growth and was superior to the combo-treatment by anti-PD-L1 nanobody and anti-CXCR4 nanobody or treatment with atezolizumab as a positive control. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining of xenograft tumours showed that the anti-tumour effects were associated with the inhibition of angiogenesis and the infiltration of immune cells., Conclusion: These results clearly revealed that the anti-PD-L1/CXCR4 bispecific nanobody exerted anti-tumour efficacy in vitro and inhibited tumour growth in vivo. This agent can be further developed as a therapeutic reagent to treat human pancreatic cancer by simultaneously blocking two critical targets., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Phycocyanin is a type of marine natural product and functional food additive. Studies have demonstrated that phycocyanin has potential regulatory effects on glycometabolism, while its function and mechanism, especially in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the antidiabetic roles and underlying mechanism of phycocyanin in a high glucose high fat diet induced model of T2MD in C57BL/6N mice and a high-insulin-induced insulin-resistant model of SMMC-7721 cells. The results indicated that phycocyanin reduced high glucose high fat diet induced hyperglycemia as well as ameliorated glucose tolerance and histological changes in the liver and pancreas. Meanwhile, phycocyanin also significantly decreased the diabetes-induced abnormal serum biomarker variations, including triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), aspartate transaminase (AST), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT), and increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) content. Furthermore, the antidiabetic function of phycocyanin was exerted through activating the AKT and AMPK signaling pathway in the mouse liver, which was also verified in the insulin-resistant SMMC-7721 cells due to increased glucose uptake and activated AKT and AMPKα expression. Thus, the present study is the first to indicate that phycocyanin mediates antidiabetic function via activating the AKT and AMPK pathway in high glucose high fat diet induced T2DM mice and insulin-resistant SMMC-7721 cells, which lays a scientific theoretical basis for the potential treatment of diabetes and the utilization of marine natural products.

The sudden spread of COVID-19 infections in a region can catch its healthcare system by surprise. Can one anticipate such a spread and allow healthcare administrators to prepare for a surge a priori? We posit that the answer lies in distinguishing between two types of waves in epidemic dynamics. The first kind resembles a spatio-temporal diffusion pattern. Its gradual spread allows administrators to marshal resources to combat the epidemic. The second kind is caused by super-spreader events, which provide shocks to the disease propagation dynamics. Such shocks simultaneously affect a large geographical region and leave little time for the healthcare system to respond. We use time-series analysis and epidemiological model estimation to detect and react to such simultaneous waves using COVID-19 data from the time when the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus dominated the spread. We first analyze India's second wave from April to May 2021 that overwhelmed the Indian healthcare system. Then, we analyze data of COVID-19 infections in the United States (US) and countries with a high and low Indian diaspora. We identify the Kumbh Mela festival as the likely super-spreader event, the exogenous shock, behind India's second wave. We show that a multi-area compartmental epidemiological model does not fit such shock-induced disease dynamics well, in contrast to its performance with diffusion-type spread. The insufficient fit to infection data can be detected in the early stages of a shock-wave propagation and can be used as an early warning sign, providing valuable time for a planned healthcare response. Our analysis of COVID-19 infections in the US reveals that simultaneous waves due to super-spreader events in one country (India) can lead to simultaneous waves in other places. The US wave in the summer of 2021 does not fit a diffusion pattern either. We postulate that international travels from India may have caused this wave. To support that hypothesis, we demonstrate that countries with a high Indian diaspora exhibit infection growth soon after India's second wave, compared to countries with a low Indian diaspora. Based on our data analysis, we provide concrete policy recommendations at various stages of a simultaneous wave, including how to avoid it, how to detect it quickly after a potential super-spreader event occurs, and how to proactively contain its spread., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Background: Oxidative stress plays an important role in the progression of various types of tumors. However, its role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has seldom been explored. This study aimed to discover prognostic markers associated with oxidative stress in ESCC to improve the prediction of prognosis and help in the selection of effective immunotherapy for patients., Results: A consensus cluster was constructed using 14 prognostic differentially expressed oxidative stress-related genes (DEOSGs) that were remarkably related to the prognosis of patients with ESCC. The infiltration levels of neutrophils, plasma cells, and activated mast cells, along with immune score, stromal score, and estimated score, were higher in cluster 1 than in cluster 2. A prognostic signature based on 10 prognostic DEOSGs was devised that could evaluate the prognosis of patients with ESCC. Calculated risk score proved to be an independent clinical prognostic factor in the training, testing, and entire sets. P53 signaling pathway was highly enriched in the high-risk group. The calculated risk score was positively related to the infiltration levels of resting mast cells, memory B cells, and activated natural killer (NK) cells and negatively associated with the infiltration levels of M1 and M2 macrophages. The relationship between clinical characteristics and risk score has not been certified. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for sorafenib and gefitinib were lower for patients in the low-risk group., Conclusion: Our prognostic signature based on 10 prognostic DEOSGs could predict the disease outcomes of patients with ESCC and had strong clinical value. Our study improves the understanding of oxidative stress in tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and provides insights for developing improved and efficient immunotherapy strategies., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Background: General transcription factor IIi (GTF2I) mutations are very common in thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) and are related to a more favorable prognosis in TET patients. However, limited research has been conducted on the role of GTF2I in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Further, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been associated with the survival of patients with TETs. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the relationship between GTF2I mutations and TIME and build a new potential signature for predicting tumor recurrence in the TETs. Research data was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and the CIBERSORT algorithm was used to evaluate TIME differences between GTF2I mutant and wild-type TETs. Relevant differentially expressed lncRNAs based on differentially expressed immune-related genes were identified to establish lncRNA pairs. We constructed a signature using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses., Results: GTF2I is the most commonly mutated gene in TETs, and is associated with an increased number of early-stage pathological types, as well as no history of myasthenia gravis or radiotherapy treatment. In the GTF2I wild-type group, immune score and immune cell infiltrations with M2 macrophages, activated mast cells, neutrophils, plasma, T helper follicular cells, and activated memory CD4 T cells were higher than the GTF2I mutant group. A risk model was built using five lncRNA pairs, and the 1-, 3-, and 5-year area under the curves were 0.782, 0.873, and 0.895, respectively. A higher risk score was related to more advanced histologic type., Conclusion: We can define the GTF2I mutant-type TET as an immune stable type and the GTF2I wild-type as an immune stressed type. A signature based on lncRNA pairs was also constructed to effectively predict tumor recurrence., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Introduction and Objectives: It is well known that the quality of life (QoL) of patients with chronic hepatitis C (HCV) is lower than that of the general population and that therapy with direct-acting antivirals (DAA) for HCV is safe and effective. However, data on the QoL of patients are scanty. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of DAA drugs on patients' QoL., Methods: The literature included in this meta-analysis was due in March 2021. The random effect model of heterogeneous data and the fixed effect model of homogeneous data were used to analyze the data. QoL had to be evaluated using the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire with at least one measure at baseline (T0) and one measure at 12 weeks (T12) or 24 weeks (T24) after the end of therapy. The meta-analysis included eight studies, which involved 1,619 patients., Results: At T12, the meta-analysis showed all items of the SF-36 questionnaire improved from the pretreatment to post-treatment period and reached statistical significance (p < 0.05) except for the bodily pain (mean difference: 1.16, 95%CI -0.43-2.74) and role limitations-emotional (mean difference: 4.10, 95%CI -1.32-9.52). However, after subgroup analysis (whether ribavirin was being used or not), the bodily pain domain (mean difference: 3.34, 95%CI 1.03-5.65) became statistically significant again. At T24, the results indicated that all items of the SF-36 questionnaire improved from the pretreatment to the post-treatment period and reached statistical significance (p < 0.05) except for the role limitations-emotional domain (mean difference: 4.50, 95%CI -2.66-11.66)., Conclusions: There is evidence indicating that DAA therapy is accompanied by an improvement in QoL. Patients receiving DAA medication have a clinically relevant improvement in most domains of the SF-36 questionnaire at T12 or T24, except for a few aspects including role limitations-emotional., (Copyright © 2022 Fundación Clínica Médica Sur, A.C. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Here, we report a simple method for preparing muscle-mimetic highly tough, conductive, and stretchable liquid crystalline ionogels which contains only one poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) in an ionic liquid via in situ free radical photohomopolymerization by using nitrogen gas instead of air atmosphere. Due to eliminating the inhibition caused by dissolved oxygen, the polymerization under nitrogen gas has much higher molecular weight, lower critical sol-gel concentration, and stronger mechanical properties. More importantly, benefiting from the unique loofah-like microstructures along with the strong internal ionic interactions, entanglements of long PIL chains and liquid crystalline domains, the ionogels show special optical anisotropic, superstretchability (>8000%), high fracture strength (up to 16.52 MPa), high toughness (up to 39.22 MJ/m 3 ), and have ultrafast self-healing, ultrastrong adhesive, and excellent shape memory properties. Due to its excellent stretchability and good conductive-strain responsiveness, the as-prepared ionogel can be easily applied for high-performance flexible and wearable sensors for motion detecting. Therefore, this paper provides an effective route and developed method to generate highly stretchable conductive liquid crystalline ionogels/elastomers that can be used in widespread flexible and wearable electronics.

Due to the assets such as adequate discharge capacity and rational cost, LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 (NCA), a high-nickel ternary layered oxide, is regarded to be a favorable cathode contender for lithium-ion batteries. However, the superior commercial application is restricted by the surface residual alkaline lithium salt (LiOH or/and Li 2 CO 3 ) of nickel-rich cathode materials, which will expedite the disintegration of the structure and the engendering of gas (CO 2 ). Therefore, in this paper, we devise and fabricate a Y(PO 3 ) 3 modified LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 (NCA), intending to optimize the surface residual alkaline lithium salt (antecedent deportation of H 2 O and CO 2 ) while forming an in situ triple composite Li-ion conductor coating (Y(PO 3 ) 3 -Li 3 PO 4 -YPO 4 ) to enhance the electrochemical behavior. Under this method, the 2 mol% Y(PO 3 ) 3 modified NCA electrode reveals exceptional rate capability (5 C/156.3 mAh g -1 ) and extraordinary cycle stability after 200 cycles (2 C/88.3%), whereas the original sample is only 5 C/123.1 mAh g -1 and 2 C/71.2% after 200 cycles. Conspicuously, even under the draconian circumstances of the high temperature and the high rate at 55 °C/1 C, the 2 mol% Y(PO 3 ) 3 modified NCA electrode sustains a high reversible capacity, with an admirable capacity retention rate of 89.4% after 100 cycles. These contented results signify that the surface remodeling tactic presents a viable scheme for ameliorating high-nickel materials' performance and appropriateness., (© 2022 IOP Publishing Ltd.)