1. Anxiety and depression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients and network analysis to identify central symptoms: A cross-sectional study from a high-incidence area.
- Author
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Zhan ZJ, Huang HY, Xiao YH, Zhao YP, Cao X, Cai ZC, Huang YY, Chen X, Deng Y, Zhou JY, Zhang LL, Luo ZY, Qiu WZ, Yuan TZ, Hu W, Fan YY, Mai HQ, Yang Y, Guo X, and Lv X
- Subjects
- Humans, Cross-Sectional Studies, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Incidence, China epidemiology, Adult, Aged, Prevalence, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders epidemiology, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders etiology, Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma psychology, Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma epidemiology, Depression epidemiology, Depression etiology, Anxiety epidemiology, Anxiety etiology, Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms psychology, Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms radiotherapy, Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms epidemiology, Quality of Life
- Abstract
Purpose: To determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and to identify central symptoms and bridge symptoms among psychiatric disorders., Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited patients with NPC in Guangzhou, China from May 2022, to October 2022. The General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used for screening anxiety and depression, respectively. Network analysis was conducted to evaluate the centrality and connectivity of the symptoms of anxiety, depression, quality of life (QoL) and insomnia., Results: A total of 2806 respondents with complete GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores out of 3828 were enrolled. The incidence of anxiety in the whole population was 26.5% (depression, 28.5%; either anxiety or depression, 34.8%). Anxiety was highest at caner diagnosis (34.2%), while depression reached a peak at late-stage radiotherapy (48.5%). Both moderate and severe anxiety and depression were exacerbated during radiotherapy. Coexisting anxiety and depression occurred in 58.3% of those with either anxiety or depression. The generated network showed that anxiety and depression symptoms were closely connected; insomnia was strongly connected with QoL. "Sad mood", "Lack of energy", and "Trouble relaxing" were the most important items in the network. Insomnia was the most significant bridge item that connected symptom groups., Conclusion: Patients with NPC are facing alarming disturbances of psychiatric disorders; tailored strategies should be implemented for high-risk patients. Besides, central symptoms (sad mood, lack of energy, and trouble relaxing) and bridge symptoms (insomnia) may be potential interventional targets in future clinical practice., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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