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In this work, an analytical approach was developed for Pb, Sr, and Fe isotopic analysis of archaeological samples recovered from an iron work site by using multi-collector inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). The sample types include slag, coal, clay and hammer scales, all obtained from an archaeological site at Hoeke (Belgium). Despite the wide concentration range of the target elements present in the samples and some sample manipulations necessarily performed outside of a clean laboratory facility, the analytical procedure yielded accurate and precise results for QA/QC standards while blank levels were negligible. Preliminary results concerning Pb, Sr and Fe isotope ratio variations in archaeological materials associated with iron working processes are provided. The samples revealed high variability in metal isotopic compositions, with the 208 Pb/ 207 Pb ratio ranging from 2.4261 to 2.4824, the 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratio from 0.7100 to 0.7220, and δ 56 Fe values from -0.34 to +0.08‰, which was tentatively attributed to the mixing of materials during the iron production process or variability within the source material. Also, contamination introduced by coal and furnace/hearth lining material could have contributed to the wide range of isotopic compositions observed. Because of the absence of information and data for primary ore samples to compare with, the provenance of the materials could not be established. The present study highlights the challenges in interpreting archaeological data, particularly in terms of the isotopic variability observed. It underscores the necessity of integrating analysis data with historical and archaeological knowledge. Further research, involving detailed analysis of these source materials combined with robust historical evidence, is essential to validate hypotheses concerning the origin of iron., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Lithosphere of cratons and orogens generally reacts differently to tectonic events. Although these differences are mostly clear during the orogenic phases, understanding how they respond to tectonic reactivation is still challenging. Here, we report the first detailed apatite fission-track (AFT) study pinpointing the gradual transition between cratonic and orogenic lithosphere, using the case study of the São Francisco craton (SFC) and the adjacent Araçuaí-West Congo Orogen (AWCO), eastern Brazil. The collision that built the AWCO partially affected the inherited rift structures of the Paramirim Aulacogen, embedded in the São Francisco-Congo paleocontinent. Our data reveal a differential Phanerozoic exhumation between closely interspaced areas affected and not affected by the AWCO deformation. Samples from the SFC present slow and protracted basement cooling during the Phanerozoic, while samples from the orogen display rapid exhumation since the Eocene. An intermediate ~ N-S zone of c.40 km shows lower magnitude basement cooling during the Cenozoic, possibly because the propagation of AWCO deformation decreases towards the craton interior. Within the orogen, the Rio Pardo salient is the main reactive structure and probably results from the deformation of a master fault, inherited from its precursor rift. Here, we show how the magnitude of Phanerozoic denudation may be deeply associated with previous events of lithosphere weakening., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Background: Waiting times are an important barrier to timely obtaining appropriate mental health care in Flanders, but structural data is limited., Aim: To describe the waiting time problem in Flanders and propose some causal hypotheses and possible interventions., Method: An exploration of the available waiting time data, supplemented with literature and insights based on the results of some Flemish Centers for Mental Healthcare., Results: Waiting times are especially problematic for subsidized outpatient care and care for children and youth, although the current data provide an incomplete picture. Besides capacity, important factors are the organization of the intake (e.g. assessment) and flow parameters (e.g. mean treatment duration - and intensity)., Conclusion: Eliminating waiting lists is one of the greatest challenges for Flemish mental health care. There is a need to expand capacity as well as the smarter use of existing capacity and resources. A joint multi-level approach is required.

The interpretive utility of environmental magnetic proxies for investigating airborne particulate matter (PM) pollution impact is restricted by differences in soil composition, land cover and land use. For soil magnetic applications, land use strongly influences magnetic particle distribution down the soil profile, even in homogeneous soil environments. Here, an adaptive approach is engineered to provide accurate magnetic proxy information for pollution monitoring across different land use types. In an 81-km 2 area between two industrial harbours, the irregular distribution of forests, arable lands, pasture and residential areas prevented robustly relating topsoil magnetic susceptibility data to known pollution impacts. Although normalized topsoil susceptibility values showed improved potential for deriving airborne pollution impacts, optimal results were obtained by depth-integrating magnetic susceptibility logs, revealing long-term impacts of both active and decommissioned industrial facilities. Complementing soil magnetic observations, active and passive (bio)magnetic monitoring allowed discriminating short-term pollution patterns and evaluating changes in PM impact across the study area. Hereby, active PM receptors (strawberry leaves and plastic coated cardboards (PCCs)) provided promising results, yet passive receptors allowed estimating pollution impacts more efficiently. For the latter, species-independent grass leaf sampling reflected airborne PM depositional patterns most accurately, whereas wiped anthropogenic surfaces proved too sensitive to wash-off., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Metastable states created by electron or hole capture in crystal defects are widely used in dosimetry and photonic applications. Feldspar, the most abundant mineral in the Earth's crust (> 50%), generates metastable states with lifetimes of millions of years upon exposure to ionizing radiation. Although feldspar is widely used in dosimetry and geochronometry, the creation of metastable states and charge transfer across them is poorly understood. Understanding such phenomena requires next-generation methods based on high-resolution, site-selective probing of the metastable states. Recent studies using site-selective techniques such as photoluminescence (PL), and radioluminescence (RL) at 7 K have revealed that feldspar exhibits two near-infrared (NIR) emission bands peaking at 880 nm and 955 nm, which are believed to arise from the principal electron-trapping states. Here, we map for the first time the electron-trapping states in potassium-rich feldspar using spectrally-resolved cathodoluminescence microscopy at a spatial resolution of ~ 6 to 22 µm. Each pixel probed by a scanning electron microscope provides us a cathodoluminescence spectrum (SEM-CL) in the range 600-1000 nm, and elemental data from energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. We conclude that the two NIR emissions are spatially variable and, therefore, originate from different sites. This conclusion contradicts the existing model that the two emissions arise from two different excited states of a principal trap. Moreover, we are able to link the individual NIR emission peaks with the geochemical variations (K, Na and Fe concentration), and propose a model that explains the quenching of the NIR emission by Fe 4+ . Our study contributes to an improved understanding of charge storage in feldspathic minerals, with implications for developing sub-single grain (micrometer scale) measurement techniques in radiation dosimetry.

This data article provides zircon U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotopic information along with whole-rock Sm-Nd, Sr and Pb isotopic geochemistry from granitoids in Thailand. The U-Pb ages are described and the classification of crystallisation and inherited ages are explained. The petrography of the granitoid samples is detailed. The data presented in this article are interpreted and discussed in the research article entitled "Probing into Thailand's basement: New insights from U-Pb geochronology, Sr, Sm-Nd, Pb and Lu-Hf isotopic systems from granitoids" (Dew et al., 2018).