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Background: Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) gains increasing popularity in the surgical management of prostate cancer (PCa) but is challenged by its prohibitive expense. A domestic robotic system has been developed to address this issue, but data comparing the self-developed robot with the widely used robot is lacking. We performed a randomized clinical trial to compare KD-SR-01 ® and DaVinci ® robots in terms of perioperative, short-term oncological and functional outcomes in RARP., Materials and Methods: We prospectively enrolled patients with clinically localized PCa. Patients were randomized to undergo either KD-SR-01 ® -RARP (K-RARP) or DaVinci ® -RARP (D-RARP) by the same surgical team. The baseline, perioperative, short-term oncologic and urinary functional data were collected and compared., Results: We enrolled 39 patients, including 20 patients undergoing K-RARP and 19 undergoing D-RARP. Demographic and tumor characteristics were comparable between groups. All surgeries were performed successfully with no conversion to open. The operative time was similar (P = 0.095) and K-RARP offered less volume of intraoperative bleeding (P < 0.001). Four patients in the K-RARP group and three in the D-RARP group developed postoperative complications (P = 0.732). Patients undergoing K-RARP had less volume of drainage (P = 0.022). Positive surgical margins were observed in three patients undergoing K-RARP and five undergoing D-RARP (P = 0.451). During the follow up, one patient receiving K-RARP group and two receiving D-RARP group had measurable prostate specific antigen (P = 0.605). Urine leakage, urinary control and pad usage were comparable between groups at six weeks post-surgery., Conclusions: The two surgical robots yielded similar results in feasibility, safety and short-term oncologic and functional efficacy for RARP., Trial Registration: The trial has been registered at www.chictr.org.cn with a registration number of ChiCTR2200057000 on 25th February 2022., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are immune-mediated gastrointestinal diseases with overlapped pathogenesis and are sometimes concurrently diagnosed, but their causal relationship remains unclear. We investigated the causal relationship between EoE and IBD and its subtypes via a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) approach., Methods: MR analyses were performed using summary data of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on individuals of European ancestry. Independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms correlated with EoE (from a GWAS meta-analysis containing 1,930 cases and 13,634 controls) and IBD (from FinnGen GWASs containing 9,083 IBD, 2,033 CD, and 5,931 UC cases, and GWASs of IBD genetic consortium containing 12,882 IBD, 6,968 UC, and 5,956 CD cases) were selected as instruments. We applied the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary analysis followed by several sensitivity analyses. For the forward MR study, estimates from IVW methods were subsequently meta-analyzed using a random-effect model., Results: Our results suggested a causal effect of EoE on IBD [pooled odds ratio (OR), 1.07; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02-1.13] and EoE on UC (pooled OR, 1.09, 95% CI, 1.04-1.14). No causal link between EoE and CD was observed (pooled OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.96-1.16). The reverse MR analyses revealed no causal effect of IBD (and its subtypes) on EoE. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of primary results., Conclusions: Our findings provided evidence of a suggestive causal effect of EoE on IBD (specifically on UC) in the European population. Increased awareness of concurrent or subsequent IBD in patients with EoE is called for. Still, the present evidence is not adequate enough and ought to be validated by further investigations., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Ji and Zhi.)

Background: Post-catheter removal sepsis (PCRS) is a notable complication of indwelling central venous catheters (CVCs) in neonates, which is postulated to be secondary to the disruption of biofilms formed along catheter tips up on CVCs removal. It remains controversial whether this could be prevented by antibiotic use upon CVCs removal. We aimed to evaluate the protective effect of antibiotic administration at the time of CVCs removal., Methods: We searched through PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane databases and reference lists of review articles for studies comparing the use of antibiotics versus no use within 12 h of CVCs removal. Risk of bias was assessed using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Cochrane risk-of-bias tool accordingly. Results of quantitative analyses were presented as mean differences (MD) or odds ratio (OR). Subgroup and univariate meta-regression analyses were performed to identify heterogeneity., Results: The review included 470 CVCs in the antibiotic group and 658 in the control group. Antibiotic use within 12 h of CVCs removal did not significantly reduce the incidence of PCRS (OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.08-1.53), but was associated with a lower incidence of post-catheter removal blood stream infection (OR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.11-0.86). Dosage of vancomycin and world region were major sources of heterogeneity., Conclusion: Antibiotic administration upon CVCs removal does not significantly reduce the incidence of PCRS but offers less post-catheter removal blood stream infection. Whether this will be converted to better clinical outcomes lacks evidential support. Further randomized controlled studies with longer follow-up are needed., Summary: Results of our meta-analysis suggest that antibiotic use at planned central line removal removal does not significantly reduce the incidence of PCRS but offers less blood stream infection, which might contribute to future management of central lines in neonates., Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/, PROSPERO (CRD42022359677)., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (© 2024 Ji, He, Zhou, Fang and Ge.)

Cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) combined with systemic therapy is commonly used to treat metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (mccRCC). However, prognostic models for these patients are limited. In the present study, the clinical data of 782 mccRCC patients who received both CN and systemic therapy were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (2010-2016), and patients were divided into training and internal test cohorts. A total of 144 patients who met the same criteria from our center (Peking Union Medical College Hospital) were placed in the external test cohort. The cancer-specific survival rate (CSS) at 1, 3, and 5 years was set as the research outcome. Then, four ML models, i.e., a gradient boosting machine (GBM), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and logistic regression (LR), were established. Fifteen potential independent features were included in this study.  Model performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC), calibration plots, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Seven clinical features, namely pathological grade, T stage, N stage, number of metastatic sites, brain or liver metastases, and metastasectomy were selected for subsequent analysis via the recursive feature elimination (RFE) algorithm. In conclusion, the GBM model performed best at 1-, 3- and 5-year CSS prediction (0.836, 0.819 and 0.808, respectively in the internal test cohort and 0.819, 0.805 and 0.786, respectively in the external cohort). Furthermore, we divided the patients into three strata (high-, intermediate- and low-risk) via X-tile analysis and concluded that clinically individualized treatment can be aided by these practical prognostic models.

Introduction: Chronic gastritis is a common disease worldwide. Studies have consistently shown that chronic gastritis is usually associated with gastric microbial dysbiosis, especially the infection of Helicobacter pylori . However, the interaction between H. pylori and non- H. pylori bacteria in patients with chronic gastritis has not been clearly identified yet. Consequently, we designed a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis, which focused on identifying the changes in gastrointestinal microbiota composition between patients with H. pylori -infective and non-infective chronic gastritis., Method and Analysis: We will search PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases to retrieve observational studies on humans. The eligible studies must include data about the relative abundance of the gastrointestinal microbiome in patients with H. pylori -infective or non-infective chronic gastritis. Only the data of adults aged over 18 years will be analysed. Two researchers will extract the data independently, and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale will be used to assess the risk of bias. Random-effects model will be performed in quantitative analyses. Correlation analysis, bioinformatics analysis and function analysis will be performed., Discussion: Currently, numerous studies have revealed the role of H. pylori in chronic gastritis. However, the alterations of non- H. pylori bacteria in patients with chronic gastritis remain an open question. The results of our study might provide new insights into future diagnosis and treatments., Ethics and Dissemination: This study is based on published documents, unrelated to personal data, so ethical approval is not in need. The results of this study are expected to be published in journals or conference proceedings., Prospero Registration Number: CRD42020205260; Pre-results., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of the newly developed KD-SR-01® robotic system for retroperitoneal partial adrenalectomy., Subjects and Methods: We prospectively enrolled patients with benign adrenal mass undergoing KD-SR-01® robot-assisted partial adrenalectomy in our institution from November 2020 to May 2022. Surgeries were performed via a retroperitoneal approach using the KD-SR-01® robotic system. The baseline, perioperative and short-term follow-up data were prospectively collected. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed., Results: A total of 23 patients were enrolled, including nine (39.1%) patients with hormone-active tumors. All patients received partial adrenalectomy via the retroperitoneal approach without conversions to other procedures. The median operative time was 86.5 min [interquartile range (IQR), 60.0-112.5] and the median estimated blood loss was 50 ml (range, 20-400). Three (13.0%) patients developed Clavien-Dindo grade I-II postoperative complications. The median postoperative stay was 4.0 days (IQR, 3.0-5.0). All surgical margins were negative. The short-term follow-up demonstrated complete or partial clinical and biochemical success as well as absence of imaging recurrence in all patients with hormone-active tumors., Conclusions: Initial results illustrate that the KD-SR-01® robotic system is safe, feasible and effective for the surgical management of benign adrenal tumors., Competing Interests: LC is the co-founder and stock owner of Suzhou KangDuo Robot Co., Ltd. He had had no involvement in the surgery, data collection, data analysis, or data interpretation. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (© 2023 Dong, Ji, Liu, Zhou, Wang, Xu, Ji, and Cui.)

Background: Robot-assisted nephroureterectomy (RANU) and laparoscopic nephroureterectomy (LNU) are two minimally invasive surgical management for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinomas (UTUC). Though more high-tech, it remains largely unclear whether RANU provides additional benefits over LNU. We aimed to quantitatively compare the perioperative and oncologic outcomes between RANU and LNU., Methods: The systematic review was performed based on a registered protocol (registration number CRD42022319086). We searched through PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases, as well as conference proceedings and references of review articles (May 2022) for comparative studies reporting perioperative and oncologic outcomes independently in RANU and LNU groups. Selection of studies and data extraction were performed independently by two researchers. Risk of bias was assessed using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results of random-effects meta-analyses were presented as mean differences (MD) or Odds ratio (OR), as appropriate. Subgroup and univariate meta-regression analyses were performed to identify interstudy heterogeneities., Results: The review included 8470 patients undergoing RANU and 19872 patients undergoing LNU from 12 comparative original studies. RANU was associated with fewer overall complications (OR=0.71, 95%CI: 0.62 to 0.81), longer operative time (MD=27.70, 95%CI: 0.83 to 54.60) and shorter length of stay (MD=-0.53, 95%CI: -0.98 to -0.07) compared to LNU. In addition, patients receiving RANU were more likely to have lymph node dissected (OR=2.61, 95%CI: 1.86 to 3.65). Recurrence and survival outcomes did not differ between two surgical procedures. Sample size, types of LNU and world region were major sources of heterogeneity., Conclusion: For UTUC patients, RANU offers fewer complications and shorter hospitalization. However, RANU requires longer operative time and shares similar oncologic outcomes compared to LNU. Further randomized designed studies are warranted., Systematic Review Registration: www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022319086., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Ji, He, Fang, Yang, Wei, Dong, Xu and Ji.)

Background: Oxaliplatin induces splenomegaly, which can cause blood sequestration and relevant cytopenia, leading to further dose reductions and schedule modifications of chemotherapy. Here, we aimed to explore the changes of spleen volume induced by oxaliplatin as well as its impact on blood parameters and anti-neoplastic treatment in patients with colon cancer., Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with resectable stage II-IV colon cancer who were treated with oxaliplatin and capecitabine at our institution from January 2016 to December 2017. Laboratory tests and computed tomographic (CT) data before, during and up to 18 months after the end of chemotherapy were extracted. Spleen volume was determined by volumetric measurements. Splenomegaly was defined as an over 30% increase in spleen volume from baseline., Results: Out of 144 patients, 102 patients (70.8%) developed splenomegaly, and 75 (73.5%) recovered at 18 months after the end of chemotherapy. Higher cumulative dose intensity of oxaliplatin (P=0.001) and higher baseline platelet count (P=0.045) were risk factors associated with splenomegaly. Compared to those without splenomegaly, splenomegaly patients experienced more severe reduction in platelet (P<0.001), erythrocyte (P=0.010), neutrophil (P=0.002) and lymphocyte (P=0.006) counts and were more likely to undergo dose reductions of oxaliplatin (21.6% vs. 7.1%, P=0.038) as well as interruptions of chemotherapy (18.6% vs. 4.8%, P=0.040) due to thrombocytopenia., Conclusions: Splenomegaly was a common and partly irreversible side effect of oxaliplatin-based therapy in patients with colon cancer. It is correlated with more severe pancytopenia and might exert a negative impact on the efficacy of anti-neoplastic treatment., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://tcr.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/tcr-22-83/coif). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2022 Translational Cancer Research. All rights reserved.)

Background: The gastric microbiota profile alters during gastric carcinogenesis. We aimed to identify the alterations in the alpha diversity and relative abundance of bacterial phyla and genera of gastric microbiota in the development of gastric cancer (GC). Methods: The systematic review was performed based on a published protocol with the registration number CRD42020206973. We searched through PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases, as well as conference proceedings and references of review articles (May 2021) for observational studies reporting either the relative abundance of bacterial phyla or genera, or alpha diversity indexes in both GC and non-cancer groups. Selection of studies and data extraction were performed independently by two researchers, with disagreements resolved through discussion. Risk of bias was assessed using the self-modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results of random-effects meta-analyses were presented as mean differences (MD). Results: Our systematic review included 751 GC patients and 792 non-cancer patients from 14 case-control studies. Gastric cancer group had fewer operational taxonomic units (OTUs) (MD = -68.52, 95%CI: -126.65 to -10.39) and a lower Simpson index (MD = -0.13, 95%CI: -0.20 to -0.07) compared with non-cancer group. At the phylum level, gastric cancer group had a higher abundance of Firmicutes (MD = 7.11, 95%CI: 1.76 to 12.46). At the genus level, Streptococcus (MD = 3.03, 95%CI: 0.07 to 6.00) and Lactobacillus (MD = 5.15, 95%CI: 1.27 to 9.04) were found to be enriched in GCgroup. The relative abundance of the rest bacterial phyla or genera analyzed in our study did not significantly differ between two groups. Subgroup analyses indicated that the source of samples was the major source of interstudy heterogeneity. Conclusion: This systematic review suggested that gastric microbiota dysbiosis occurred in gastric carcinogenesis, with alpha diversity declined and microbiota composition altered., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Yang, Ji, Zhao, Cao, Wang, Jiang, Zhang, Zheng, Wu and Yang.)

Backgrounds: Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is a chronic, granulomatous vasculitis correlated with tuberculosis (TB). The two diseases share similar pathological characteristics and clinical manifestations which increase the difficulty to diagnose. Active tuberculosis (ATB) has implications for treatment strategies in TAK patients. Therefore, the investigation of clinical features and potential risk factors of ATB in TAK patients is vital., Methods: The study reviewed hospitalized patients diagnosed with TAK in our hospital from 2008, to 2021. TAK patients with ATB were enrolled as the case group. The control group was randomly selected in a 3:1 ratio. The clinical characteristics of TAK patients with and without ATB were compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine risk factors for ATB in TAK patients., Results: We reviewed 1,789 patients and ultimately identified 30 (1.7%) ATB cases. TAK patients with ATB were more prone to develop symptoms including fever (p=0.001), fatigue (p=0.003), cough (p=0.037), expectoration (p<0.001), weight loss (p=0.003), and night sweating (p<0.001). Increased level of hypersensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP, p=0.001), decreased level of albumin (p=0.031), and higher positive rate of T-SPOT.TB test (p<0.001) were observed in the case group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that hsCRP >8 mg/L (OR 9.108; 95% CI, 1.096-75.711; p=0.041) and positive T-SPOT.TB result (OR 68.669; 95% CI, 7.291-646.738; p<0.001) were risk factors for ATB in TAK patients. The proportion of patients undergoing subsequent surgery for Takayasu arteritis was lower in patients with ATB (p<0.001)., Conclusion: Our study suggested that the diagnosis of ATB should be considered when TAK patients experienced symptoms including fever, fatigue, weight loss, etc. hsCRP >8 mg/L and positive T-SPOT.TB result were identified as independent risk factors for ATB in TAK patients., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Zhou, Ji, Zhu, Zhou, Li, Tian, Chen and Zheng.)

Introduction: The human stomach is a complex and diverse microbial ecosystem. Consecutive alternations of gastric microbiota occur in gastric carcinogenesis, while the changing pattern during this process remains controversial across studies. We aim to identify the changes in the diversity and composition of gastric mucosal microbiota in gastric tumorigenesis., Methods and Analysis: We will search through PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases, as well as conference proceedings and references of review articles for observational articles reporting either the relative abundance of bacteria at the phylum or genus level or at least one of the alpha diversity indexes respectively and clearly in both gastric cancer and non-cancer groups. Selection of studies and data extraction will be performed independently by two researchers. Disagreements will be resolved through discussion. Risk of bias will be assessed using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Quantitative analyses will be performed using a random effects model, where the effect measurement will be expressed as the MD., Ethics and Dissemination: Ethical approval for this systematic review is not required, as the study is based exclusively on published documents and will not include any individual data. Findings of this study are expected to be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals or conference proceedings., Prospero Registration Number: CRD42020206973., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

This prospective cohort study evaluated the associations of day and time of admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) with hospital mortality at a referral hospital in Malawi, a low-income country in sub-Saharan Africa. Patients admitted to the ICU during the day (08:00-16:00) were compared to those admitted at night (16:01-07:59); patients admitted on weekdays (Monday-Friday) were compared to admissions on weekends/holidays. The primary outcome was hospital mortality. Most patients were admitted during daytime (56%) and on weekdays (72%). There was no difference in mortality between night and day admissions (58% vs. 56%, P  = 0.8828; hazard ratio [HR] = 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI = 0.82-1.44, P  = 0.5614) or weekend/holiday versus weekday admissions (56% vs. 57%, P  = 0.9011; HR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.62-1.21, P  = 0.4133). No interaction between time and day was found. These results may be affected by high overall hospital mortality.