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The biological process of RNA translation is fundamental to cellular life and has wide-ranging implications for human disease. Yet, accurately delineating the variation in RNA translation represents a significant challenge. Here, we develop RiboTIE, a transformer model-based approach to map global RNA translation. We find that RiboTIE offers unparalleled precision and sensitivity for ribosome profiling data. Application of RiboTIE to normal brain and medulloblastoma cancer samples enables high-resolution insights into disease regulation of RNA translation., Competing Interests: Declaraon of Interests G.M. is an employee of OHMX Bio. Z.M. and R.G. are employees of Novo Nordisk Ltd. J.R.P. reports receiving honoraria from Novartis Biosciences.