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In the context of abuse cases in boarding schools, stress among children and adolescents in boarding schools in Germany was discussed for the first time. So far, however, there is a lack of studies dealing with post-traumatic stress disorders of adolescents in boarding schools.The aim was to analyze the extent of trauma experiences and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorders as well as psychopathological abnormalities in adolescents in boarding schools on the basis of self-reports using a secondary analysis of theMAYSI-2 and UCLA PTSD Reaction Index for DSM-IV screening questionnaires and to derive implications for research and care concepts. Data was available from155 adolescents, 70%of whomweremale.The adolescents had been in boarding schools for an average of 3.26 years (SD = 2.48). A traumatic experience was evident in 69.7%(n = 108) of the adolescents, and 51.6%(n = 80) of the adolescentswere "conspicuous" in at least one of the six scales of theMAYSI-2. Taken together, 33.5%(n = 52) of the adolescents met the criteria for a suspected post-traumatic stress disorder according to ICD-10. Screening procedures should be established in boarding schools to identify traumatic experiences and psychopathological abnormalities in a timely manner. Concepts from youth welfare institutions can be used to deal with trauma experiences.There is a need for further research on traumatic experiences directly related to the boarding school placement situation.

Children or adolescents living in foster or institutional care received so far insufficient consideration in therapy intervention research. At the same time, they are a high-risk group for developing mental illness. The aim of this systematic review is to record evidence-based psychotherapeutic interventions of the past 15 years on a national and international level that address children and young people living in foster care and youth welfare institutions and their mental health. Through a systematic literature research, interventions for the target group described were identified and analyzed about their specificity and evidence. From 170 publications, ten interventions with sufficient evidence could be included in the present analysis. The result of the current literature research shows that further specialized psychiatric-psychotherapeutic interventions for children in foster care and youth welfare institutions are necessary. Regarding the transferability to the German youth welfare and health system, cross-system and interdisciplinary cooperation is needed. Hereafter further research is required to establish specific and evidence-based intervention approaches.

Rejection of closed placement in youth welfare: Two case reports and a discussion of needs and effectiveness Abstract. Locked-door residential care in the custody of adolescents with severe behavioral problems has been a controversial subject in Germany for many decades. Sometimes the debate is held on an ideological level, sometimes it concerns the legal and ethical legitimacy of such actions, but it always is about providing the best care possible for severely disturbed adolescents with attachment disorder, severe conduct disorder, and psychosocial disintegration. Because of differing viewpoints on this issue, some German federal states have set up locked-door youth welfare institutions, whereas as others do not. Here, we present two stereotypical case constellations from the state of Saxony, where the absence of such locked-door residential institutions has served to shift the problem to clinics for child and adolescent psychiatry. Based on these case constellations, we discuss the present knowledge concerning the necessity and efficacy of these institutions. The discussion is followed by a critical reflection on constraint and autonomy in youth welfare.

Gender-specific Differences in the Degree of Burden on Children and Adolescents Taken into Custody Children and adolescents who were taken into care are a high-risk group for mental disorders such as externalizing problems or conduct disorders. 95 children and adolescents who were taken into care were tested with the Screening Child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and the Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument 2 (MAYSI-2). In a large proportion of those children and adolescents emotional and physical neglect and abuse was identified. There were sex differences in suicidal thoughts, somatoform disorders, and emotional abuse. The knowledge of mental disorders as well as the gender-specific characteristics is important for specialists of inhospital institutions, in order to optimize their quality of care.

Resilient or Risk Group? Psychological Burden at Unaccompanied Refugee Minors (URM) in Germany Unaccompanied minors (umA in German) are considered as a risk group for psychological disorders. In international studies a high prevalence for trauma, anxiety, and depression were reported. A sample of N = 52 unaccompanied minors living in Germany was questioned on symptom severity as well as stress experience with the Refugee Health Screening-15. More than each second unaccompanied minor shows clinically relevant symptom severity and stress experience. In age-specific analyses the highest stress levels were found among the youngest unaccompanied minors. Therefore, specifically adapted settings for care should be applied for this high-risk group.

Multi-Family-Groups are an intervention setting, that is mainly applied in the context of systemic therapy and counselling. In this article we introduce some basics of that setting and sketch some specifics and two examples of use for the application in the context of youth welfare.

Objective: Cooperation between health and youth welfare services plays a prominent role in the psychosocial healthcare of children and adolescents with mental disorders. The need analysis presented here measured how many children and adolescents engaged youth welfare services before and after inpatient or daycare treatment., Method: The number of completed treatments from 36 Bavarian daycare and inpatient child and adolescent psychiatric clinics were recorded over a period of 6 months. Besides sociodemographic and diagnostic data, information was collected about indicated and subsequently realized measures of youth welfare following clinical and day care treatment., Results: 33 %of the clinically treated children and adolescents participated in a youth-welfare measure after psychiatric treatment. In the run-up to clinical treatment, 38 % of the treated children and adolescents had engaged services of youth welfare. Half of the children and adolescents contacted both youth welfare services as well as child and adolescent psychiatric services. The residential setting of youth care is of major importance to the cooperative treatment., Conclusions: The provision of both youth welfare services and child and adolescent psychiatry treatment is usually not a matter of going from one system to another, but rather consists of different constellations of complex processes of mutual assistance. The goal is to carry out a structured survey of the common clientele and to develop a crossover system and common care structures in order to improve the overall cooperation.

Objective: This study analyzes important variables of settings of children taken into state custody and records trauma exposure., Method: 52 children and adolescents with e~periences of removal and custody were questioned online in the social network Facebook. Traumatic stressors before removal and custody were assessed as well as the reasons that lead .to removal and custody and the subsequent burdens., Results: In more than every other case the children and adolescents reported that they were not involved in important decisions during removal and custody. After termination of the removal and custody process, 50% did not want to return to their parents. Compared to children wanting to return to their parents, children who did not want to return home display signs of severe physical and emotional neglect as well as extreme physical abuse. Even though they have no desire to return, they are often sent back to their parents against their will., Conclusions: Children who are removed and put in state custody should be included when deciding important questions. Whether or not they wish to return to their parents should be taken into consideration more strongly. Children who are sent back to theirparents against their will suffer from on going traumatization.