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In the field of modern dentistry, ideal three-dimensional positioning of dental implant with optimal prosthetic fit offers successful long-term outcomes. To achieve such accurate implant placement, presurgical evaluation of hard and soft tissue matters the most. Their efforts can be attained using various application programs such as digital imaging, implant planning software, laboratory- or computer-assisted surgical guides, and dynamic navigation approach. To overcome different opinions and choices regarding guided surgery, this article explains an evidence-based literature review to assess its various outcomes and allowing informed choices before using various guided surgical techniques based on its expectation and reality outcomes. This highlights a clinician's choice to guide his successful implant surgery without causing distress in the midway of treatment. An online search was done on PubMed/Medline database to bring in accuracy to the expertise. This review includes reference of publications from 2000 to 2019, which is related to promising outcomes using computer-assisted static or dynamic navigation system for the placement of implant. Out of these, 809 were related to the computer-guided implant placement. Relevant papers were chosen in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. This review article contemplates to reflect the fact that computer-guided approach is considered to offer more predictable, safer, and faster implant placement with the predetermined final prosthetic outfit. Thus, digital planning and placing of dental implants in the correct position keep escalating to a higher achievement levels than a classical freehand approach. Nevertheless, this guided surgical approach also holds some errors and risks, which must be identified and rectified., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2020 Indian Society of Periodontology.)

Development of an effective sensor for sensing glucose in commercially available "sugar free" food products is important as people are becoming diabetic health conscious. Although multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) possess interesting electrical properties, their hydrophobic nature limits their applications. Their hydrophilicity can be improved through modification. In the present study, Inulin, that was isolated from Allium sativum L. using hot water diffusion and incorporated with titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), was used for the modification of MWCNTs. The as-synthesized MWCNT-Inulin-TiO 2 bio-nanocomposite immobilized with glucose oxidase (GOx) was incorporated into the carbon paste matrix and was utilized for the sensing of glucose in food products. Differential pulse voltammetric studies revealed that the fabricated electrode demonstrated good linear range (1.6 nM to 1 μM) and was sensitive to nanomolar concentrations of glucose with a very low limit of detection up to 0.82 nM and exhibited a long term stability of 150 days., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Microperoxidase-11 (MP-11), a heme undecapeptide obtained by proteolytic digestion of cytochrome c, resembles peroxidase enzyme when its heme center is 5-coordinated with a vacant sixth coordination site. However, MP-11 always tends to aggregate in both solution and on surface and eventually forms the 6-coordinated heme. Thus, the present study investigates the immobilization strategy of MP-11 on nanoparticle surface in order to generate monomeric 5-coordinated MP-11 and make them as an efficient biocatalyst. The powerful surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) technique is being employed to attain the detailed structural information of the catalytic site i.e., the heme center. The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) tuned and 6-mercaptohexanoic acid (MHA) functionalized silver nanoparticles (Ag@MHA NPs) are used as Raman signal amplifier. The outcome of the SERRS study unambiguously portrays the existence of monomeric 5-coordinated MP-11 on Ag@MHA NPs surface. Here, Ag@MHA NPs plays a dual role of providing a platform to create monomeric 5-coordinated MP-11 and to load large number of MP-11 due to its high surface to volume ratio. Further, the electrostatic interaction between Ag@MHA NPs and MP-11 leads to instantaneous SERRS signal enhancement with a Raman enhancement factor (EFSERS) of 2.36×10(6). Langmuir adsorption isotherm has been employed for the adsorption of MP-11 on Ag@MHA NPs surface, which provides the real surface coverage (ΓS(*)) and equilibrium constant (K) value of 1.54nm and 5×10(11)M(-1). Furthermore, the peroxidase activity of MP-11 has been demonstrated through electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Inulin, a water soluble carbohydrate polymer, was extracted from Allium sativum L. by hot water diffusion method. A novel bio-nanocomposite was prepared by embedding TiO2 (rutile) onto the inulin matrix. The extracted inulin and the prepared bio-nanocomposite were characterized using UV-vis, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TEM and TGA techniques. The photocatalytic activity of the bio-nanocomposite for the degradation of methylene blue was studied under UV illumination in batch mode experiment and was found to be twice as high as that of pristine TiO2. The kapp for inulin-TiO2 (0.0449 min(-1)) was higher than that for TiO2 (0.0325 min(-1)) which may be due to the synergistic action of inulin and TiO2. The stabilization of photo excited electron suppressed the electron-hole pair recombination thereby inducing the electrons and the holes to participate in the photo reduction and oxidation processes, respectively and enhancing the photocatalytic activity., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

This paper demonstrates a renewed procedure for the quantification of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enhancement factors with improved precision. The principle of this method relies on deducting the resonance Raman scattering (RRS) contribution from surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) to end up with the surface enhancement (SERS) effect alone. We employed 1,8,15,22-tetraaminophthalocyanato-cobalt(II) (4α-Co(II)TAPc), a resonance Raman- and electrochemically redox-active chromophore, as a probe molecule for RRS and SERRS experiments. The number of 4α-Co(II)TAPc molecules contributing to RRS and SERRS phenomena on plasmon inactive glassy carbon (GC) and plasmon active GC/Au surfaces, respectively, has been precisely estimated by cyclic voltammetry experiments. Furthermore, the SERS substrate enhancement factor (SSEF) quantified by our approach is compared with the traditionally employed methods. We also demonstrate that the present approach of SSEF quantification can be applied for any kind of different SERS substrates by choosing an appropriate laser line and probe molecule.

Optically tuned silver nanoparticles (AgNP's) functionalized with ω-mercaptoalkanoic acids are synthesized and used as a signal amplifier for the surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) study of heme cofactor in methemoglobin (metHb). Even though both mercaptopropionic acid (MPA)- and mercaptononanoic acid (MNA)-functionalized AgNP's exemplify vastly enhanced SERRS signal of metHb, MNA-AgNP's amplify the SERRS signal amid preservation of the nativity of the heme pocket, unlike MPA-AgNP's. The electrostatic interaction between MNA-AgNP's and metHb leads to instant signal enhancement with a Raman enhancement factor (EF(SERS)) of 4.2 × 10(3). Additionally, a Langmuir adsorption isotherm has been employed for the adsorption of metHb on the MNA-AgNP surface, which provides the real surface coverage and equilibrium constant (K) of metHb as 139 nM and 3.6 × 10(8) M(-1), respectively. The lowest detection limit of 10 nM for metHb has been demonstrated using MNA-AgNP's besides retaining the nativity of the heme pocket.

Silver nanoparticles with identical plasmonic properties but different surface functionalities are synthesized and tested as chemically selective surface-enhanced resonance Raman (SERR) amplifiers in a two-component protein solution. The surface plasmon resonances of the particles are tuned to 413 nm to match the molecular resonance of protein heme cofactors. Biocompatible functionalization of the nanoparticles with a thin film of chitosan yields selective SERR enhancement of the anionic protein cytochrome b(5), whereas functionalization with SiO(2) amplifies only the spectra of the cationic protein cytochrome c. As a result, subsequent addition of the two differently functionalized particles yields complementary information on the same mixed protein sample solution. Finally, the applicability of chitosan-coated Ag nanoparticles for protein separation was tested by in situ resonance Raman spectroscopy.