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Background: By increasing fluidity and conversion, pre-heated composites enhance adaptability and strength, while soft-start polymerization decreases internal stresses., Aim: Over a period of a year, this split-mouth design, randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) compared pre-heated composites with soft-start polymerization to conventional composites in class-I lesions, with the goal of improving restoration outcomes., Methods: and Findings: Immediately following ethical approval and registration with CTRI, 37 patients with in-formed permission who met specified inclusion and exclusion criteria for class-I lesions were chosen for enrollment. Using a 1:1 ratio, teeth were randomly assigned to Group-A (pre-heated composite with soft-start polymerization) or Group-B (traditional composite restoration). At three-time intervals, the evaluation was blinded and calibrated using Modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria: baseline, six-month, and one-year marks. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 21.0 and the Mann-Whitney U test for inter-group comparisons and the Friedman test for intra-group comparisons., Interpretation: Pre-heated composites with soft-start polymerization performed better in terms of marginal adaptation with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.019) and in terms of color match they performed better clinically (p = 0.062) at 12 months. Other variables like marginal discolouration, sec-ondary caries, anatomic form, post-operative sensitivity, surface texture and retention showed no statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). Pre-heated composites with soft-start mode performed marginally better than nanofilled composites. However, both techniques can be used to successfully restore simple class-I carious lesions., Competing Interests: The financial support was provided by College of Dentistry, 10.13039/501100007446King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia with Grant Number RGP.2/198/44 and Faculty of Dental Medicine. Universitas Airlangga. Indonesia that collaborate in this project. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

The aim of endodontic therapy is to use various antimicrobial medications for proper cleaning and shaping to create an environment free of microorganisms by eradicating as many as possible from the root canal space. Even although it is a gold standard irrigant, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is known for its cytotoxic effects on vital periapical tissues, making its higher concentrations inappropriate for use in conditions such as wide, underdeveloped, or damaged apices and in cases of perforations. Consequently, if it is ascertained that a gel form of sodium hypochlorite has equivalent antibacterial activity to the aqueous solution form, it could be employed in such situations. The aim of this study was the microbiologic evaluation of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite gel and aqueous solution as root canal disinfectants in multirooted teeth with primary endodontic lesions. Following ethical approval and CTRI registration, 42 patients who gave their consent and had multirooted teeth with pulpal necrosis and asymptomatic apical periodontitis were considered for the study. Following the opening of the access, pre-endodontic build up in case of class-II cavities and working length determination, a pre-operative sample (S1), which was regarded as the pre-operative microbial load of that canal, was acquired from the largest canal using a sterile paper point while maintaining strict isolation and disinfection. The computer randomization approach was used to divide the teeth into two groups at random just before beginning of chemo-mechanical preparation: Group A ( n = 21)-canal disinfection with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite gel; Group B ( n = 21)-canal disinfection with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution. Following the canal disinfection, a post-operative (S2) sample which was regarded as the postoperative microbial load of that canal was collected from the same canal using a sterile paper point. The Colony-Forming Units (CFUs) for the S1 and S2 samples were determined after 48 h aerobic incubation on Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) agar plates. The patients and the microbiologist were blinded throughout the procedure. Using SPSS 20.0 software (USA), the Shapiro-Wilk test and the Lilliefors Significance Correction were used for normality, followed by the Mann-Whitney U test which was used to compare the CFU difference (×10 5 ) between the two groups. A p value of <0.05 was perceived as statistically significant. The mean colony-forming units count difference between the 5.25% sodium hypochlorite gel and aqueous solution groups did not differ in a manner that was statistically significant ( p = 0.744). In multirooted teeth with primary endodontic lesions, the 5.25% sodium hypochlorite gel and the aqueous solution demonstrated comparable antimicrobial effectiveness when implemented as root canal disinfectants.

Context: Retention of the rubber dam is done with metallic or nonmetallic clamps for isolation. The two types of metallic clamps most frequently used are winged and wingless. The clinical efficacy of both clamps is needed to be compared., Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the postoperative pain and clinical efficacy of winged clamps and wingless metallic clamps in rubber dam isolation of permanent molars in class I restoration., Materials and Methods: After obtaining ethical approval and CTRI registration, a total of 60 patients with mild-to-moderate deep class I caries were included after obtaining informed consent and randomly allocated into two assigned groups: Group A - winged clamp and Group B - wingless clamp, with n = 30 per group. Local anesthesia was administered and the tooth was isolated using a rubber dam as per the standardized protocol. The postoperative evaluation was done for pain using the Verbal Rating Scale (VRS) at 6 and 12 h; trauma to the gingival tissues, sealing ability of the clamp, and slippage of the clamp were evaluated using criteria for clinical evaluation of rubber dam isolation., Statistical Analysis Used: Independent t -test and Chi-square test were used to compare VRS and clinical parameters, respectively, with P < 0.05., Results: Gingival trauma ( P = 0.006) and postoperative pain were statistically significantly more in the wingless group at 6 h ( P = 0.016) and 12 h (0.01). Statistically significant lower seepage of fluid ( P = 0.017) was observed in the wingless group. Slippage was observed more with the winged group but was statistically insignificant., Conclusion: Both clamps showed acceptable clinical performance. Their use should be planned as per the requisite of the case and the position of the tooth., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2023 Journal of Conservative Dentistry.)