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Objective: We aimed to analyze the aneurysm wall enhancement (AWE) characteristics of a single unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA) and observe the relationship between the symptoms of a single UIA and the aneurysm wall., Methods: In our hospital, 85 patients diagnosed with a single UIA using computed tomography angiography (CTA) were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into symptomatic and asymptomatic groups, including 46 asymptomatic and 39 symptomatic aneurysms. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of the vascular wall (HR-MR-VWI) was utilized to ascertain the presence, degree, and extent of AWE and thick-wall enhancement. In addition to AWE characteristics, morphological parameters of aneurysms, such as maximal size, shape, height, neck width, aspect ratio (AR), and size ratio (SR), were scanned using CTA. The differences in the parameters of a single UIA between the two groups were compared. An investigation explored the correlation between the symptom status of a single UIA and AWE., Results: We observed a correlation between symptom status and maximal size, height, and neck width for a single UIA, the presence or absence of AWE, and the levels and boundaries of AWE and thick-wall reinforcement. This study found that the AWE range was independently correlated with symptom status in the multivariate regression analysis., Conclusion: A larger AWE range was an independent risk factor for the onset of symptoms in a single UIA., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of water extracted fraction from Oldenlandia diffusa., Methods: The compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography on macroporous resin,silica gel,MCI gel,Sephadex LH-20,ODS medium pressure liquid chromatography and RP-semi-preparative HPLC. The structures of compounds were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical and spectral analysis., Results: 16 compounds were isolated from the water extract of Oldenlandia diffusa,and their structures were identified as asperuloside( 1),deacetyl asperuloside( 2),geniposide( 3),10-dehydrogeniposide( 4),daphylloside( 5),diffusoside A( 6),diffusoside B( 7),coniferin( 8),scandoside methyl ester( 9),acetyl scandoside methyl ester( 10),deacetylasperulosidic acid methyl ester( 11),gardenoside( 12),galioside( 13),galioside 10-acetate( 14),loliolide( 15) and( +)-neo-olivil( 16),respectively., Conclusion: Compounds 3,8 and 14 ~ 16 are obtained from Oldenlandia diffusa for the first time.

Aim: To explore the mechanism of action of gypenosides (GPs) on type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (T2DM-NAFLD) in rats., Methods: Sixty rats were randomly divided into a healthy group, an untreated disease model group and GP-treatment groups. The study involved the evaluation of biochemical parameters, including serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transferase (ALT), blood glucose (BG), triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC). Additionally, the protective effect of the treatments were confirmed histopathologically and the expression of TNF-α and NF-κB in the rat liver was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. The expression of proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and cytochrome P450 (CYP450) 1A1 mRNA was determined by quantitative RT-PCR., Results: GP treatments at oral doses of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg per day significantly decreased the levels of serum AST and ALT (P<0.05, P<0.01), especially at the dose of 800 mg/kg per day. To a similar extent, GP at 800 mg/kg per day reduced the levels of BG (4.19±0.47, P<0.01), TG (80.08±10.05, P<0.01), TC (134.38±16.39, P<0.01) and serum insulin (42.01±5.04, P<0.01). The expression of TNF-α and NF-κB measured by immunohistochemistry was significantly reduced by GPs in a dose-dependent manner, and the expression of PPARγ and CYP4501A1 mRNA, as measured using quantitative real-time PCR, were significantly down-regulated by GPs. Moreover, GPs decreased the infiltration of liver fats and reversed the histopathological changes in a dose-dependent manner., Conclusion: This study suggests that GPs have a protective effect against T2DM-NAFLD by down-regulating the expression of TNF-α and NF-κB proteins, and PPARγ and CYP4501A1 mRNAs.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of hearing impairment and ear diseases in old people and provide scientific data for drawing up the prevention and treatment strategies., Methods: Using the probability proportion to size (PPS) method, 1261 people over 60 years were investigated in 40 clusters in Jiangsu Province with the WHO protocol., Results: The prevalence of hearing impairment was 58.1% (the standardized rate: 59.5% in the whole country, 60.9% in Jiangsu province). Degrees of hearing impairment were mild (33.1%), moderate (17.8%), severe (5.9%) and profound (1.3%). The prevalence of hearing disability was 25.0% (the standardized rate: 26.6% in the whole country, 28.1% in Jiangsu province). There were significant difference of the prevalence between male and female, as well as urban and rural, and different ages. The prevalence of the ear diseases was auricle malformation (0.2%), wax (1.7%), otitis externa (0.1%), fungi (0.5%), serous otitis media (1.2%), chronic suppurative otitis media (1.6%), dry perforation of tympanic membrance (2.3%). The causes of hearing impairment were ear diseases (2.9%), non-infectious condition (92.6%), genetic condition (0.3%) and undetermined causes (4.2%). Of which, 31.1% of persons needed hearing aids while 2.3% of persons needed medicine treatment, but 0.9% of persons needed non-urgent surgery and 1.0% of persons needed other treatment., Conclusions: The prevalence of hearing impairment and disability in the old rised obviously than the last investigation in 1987. It was a heavy burden for social development in China. The government and the whole society should take more concern about the problem. The scientific strategies of prevention and treatment were urgently needed and implemented.