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Pancreatic cancer exhibits a high degree of malignancy with a poor prognosis, lacking effective prognostic targets. Utilizing histopathological methodologies, this study endeavors to predict the expression of pathological features in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PAAD) and investigate their underlying molecular mechanisms. Pathological images, transcriptomic, and clinical data from TCGA-PAAD were collected for survival analysis. Image segmentation using unsupervised machine learning was employed to extract features, perform clustering, and establish models. The prognostic value of pathological features and associated clinical risk factors were evaluated; the correlation between pathological features and molecular mechanisms, gene mutations, and immune infiltration was analyzed. By clustering 45 effective pathological features, we divided PAAD patients into two groups: cluster 1 and cluster 2. Significant associations with poor prognosis were found for cluster 2 in both the training group (n = 113) and validation group (n = 75) (p = 0.006), with pathological stages II-IV identified as potential synergistic risk factors (HR = 2.421, 95% CI = 1.263-4.639, p = 0.008). Subsequently, through multi-omics correlation analysis, we further revealed a close association between cluster 2 and the oxidative phosphorylation mechanism. Within the cluster 2 group, 28 oxidative phosphorylation genes exhibited reduced expression, CDKN2A gene mutations were upregulated, and there was significant downregulation of Tregs infiltration and related immune gene expression. The pathomic model constructed using machine learning serves as a valuable prognostic target for PAAD. The histopathological features cluster 2 are closely associated with the downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation levels and Tregs immune infiltration., Competing Interests: Declarations Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, with China reporting over half of global cases. While traditional open liver resection is effective, it often results in large incisions and significant complications. Laparoscopic hepatectomy, particularly for right hemi-hepatectomy, features smaller incisions and quicker recovery, but its widespread adoption is hindered by its procedural complexity and a steep learning curve. This study compares the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic versus open right hemi-hepatectomy with an anterior approach in 57 patients with HCC. MATERIAL AND METHODS The data of patients with HCC who underwent treatment at our center from January 2016 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS We included a total of 57 patients with histopathologically-confirmed HCC - 23 in the laparoscopic group and 34 in the open group. Operation time was significantly shorter in the open group than in the laparoscopic group (234.5±66.9 vs 297.0±74.9, P=0.002). Intraoperative bleeding was significantly less in the laparoscopic group (P=0.042). There were no statistically significant differences in postoperative complications between the 2 groups. Postoperative hospital stay was significantly shorter in the laparoscopic group (12 days vs 15 days, P=0.044). There was no significant difference in postoperative overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) between the 2 groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS In patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, the laparoscopic right hemi-hepatectomy with the anterior approach technique has the same safety and comparable short-term outcomes as open surgery.

Background: The occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is caused by a variety of factors and associated with increased risks of several adverse outcomes for both mothers and infants. However, the effects of epidural labor analgesia in parturients with GDM on maternal and infant outcomes have not been characterized., Methods: According to parturients' choice, they were divided into the epidural group ( n  = 133) and no epidural (control) group ( n  = 135). Data for relative variables in the perinatal period were collected, and the potential associations of epidural labor analgesia with infant outcomes were analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analyses., Results: The rate of neonatal admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for hypoglycemia was higher in the epidural group (7.52%) than in the control group (1.48%; P  < 0.05). Epidural labor analgesia and drug-based diabetes control were independent predictors of the rate of neonate transfer to the NICU for hypoglycemia., Conclusion: Epidural labor analgesia was associated with an increased risk of neonatal transfer to the NICU for hypoglycemia. Thus, monitoring of neonatal blood glucose levels after administration of epidural labor analgesia in parturients with GDM may be beneficial. Trial registration: The study was registered in the China Clinical Registration Center (Registration No. ChiCTR-OOC-17013164, Registered on 30 October 2017)., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (© 2022 Li, Qi, Tan, Wu, Wang, Wen, Huang and Li.)

Background: To study the incidence and risk factors of shivering in pregnant women during cesarean section., Methods: We performed a prospective nested case-control study involving parturients scheduled for cesarean sections between July 2018 and May 2021. The overall incidence of intraoperative shivering and its potential risk factors were investigated. The potential risk factors evaluated were pain, anxiety, emergency surgery, transfer from the delivery room, epidural labor analgesia, membrane rupture, labor, and the timing of the surgery. Shivering and body temperature at different time points during the cesarean section were also recorded. The selected seven time points were: entering the operating room, post-anesthesia, post-disinfection, post-delivery, post-oxytocin, post additional hysterotonics, and before leaving the operating room., Results: We analyzed 212 cesarean section parturients. The overall incidence of shivering was 89 (42.0%). Multivariate logistic regression showed that anxiety, emergency delivery, and transfer from the delivery room to the operating room increased the overall shivering incidence (odds ratio = 1.77, 2.90, and 3.83, respectively). The peak shivering incidence occurred after skin disinfection (63, 29.7%), and the lowest body temperature occurred after oxytocin treatment (36.24 ± 0.30 °C). Stratified analysis of surgery origin showed that emergency delivery was a risk factor for shivering (odds ratio = 2.99) in women transferred from the obstetric ward to the operating room., Conclusion: Shivering occurred frequently during cesarean sections, with the peak incidence occurring after skin disinfection. Anxiety, emergency delivery, and transfer from the delivery room to the operating room increased the risk of shivering development during cesarean sections., Trial Registration: The study protocol was registered online at China Clinical Registration Center (registration number: ChiCTR-ROC-17010532, Registered on 29 January 2017)., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Previous studies have shown that microRNAs (miRs), such as miR-146a play an important role in the pathogenesis of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced injury; however, the role of miR-146a in intestinal I/R-induced acute lung injury has not been elucidated. An intestinal I/R-induced injury mouse model was established in the present study by clamping the superior mesenteric artery and expression levels of miR-146a in intestinal and lung tissue samples were evaluated using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Intestinal and lung histopathological characteristics in mice with intestinal I/R-induced injury were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and mRNA and protein expression levels in intestinal and lung tissue samples were evaluated using RT-qPCR and western blotting, respectively. miR-146a expression was significantly downregulated in the intestinal and lung tissue samples of mice with intestinal I/R-induced injury. Intestinal I/R injury-induced histopathological changes in the lung and intestines, and pulmonary edema in mice transduced with an adenoviral miR-146a-overexpression vector (the miR-146a overexpression group) were alleviated. mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ and TGF-β1, and protein expression levels of TNF receptor-associated factor 6, phosphorylated-p65 NF-κB, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 in lung and intestinal tissue samples were downregulated in I/R-miR-146a-overexpressing mice, compared with those from the I/R-negative control group. Thus, the present study identified that pre-treatment with the miR-146a overexpression vector alleviated intestinal I/R-induced acute lung injury in mice., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright: © Li et al.)

Objective: α2‑agonists and opioids have been used as intrathecal adjuvants to local anesthetics for several years, but the effect of intrathecal dexmedetomidine (Dex) or sufentanil combined with epidural ropivacaine in labor analgesia is not fully understood., Methods: A total of 108 parturient women receiving combined spinal-epidural labor analgesia were randomly divided into three groups. Group C received l mL saline (0.9%) intrathecally, Group D received 5 µg Dex intrathecally, and Group S received 5 µg sufentanil intrathecally. All parturient women then received 0.1% epidural ropivacaine and 0.2 µg/mL sufentanil for patient-controlled epidural analgesia with standard settings. The visual analog scale score, onset time, duration of intrathecal injection, local anesthetic requirements, and side effects were recorded., Results: The labor analgesia effects in Groups D and S were better than those in Group C. Groups D and S displayed significantly shorter onset times, longer durations of intrathecal injection, and reduced local anesthetic requirements compared with Group C. The incidence of shivering and pruritus in Group D was lower than that in Group S., Conclusion: Intrathecal administration of 5 µg Dex could improve epidural labor analgesia effects.This randomized controlled clinical trial was registered with the Chinese Clinical Registry Center (ChiCTR-1800014943, http://www.chictr.org.cn/).

Autophagy dysfunction has been directly linked with the onset and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD), but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. High-mobility group A1 (HMGA1), well-known chromatin remodeling proteins, play pivotal roles in diverse biological processes and diseases. Their function in neural cell death in PD, however, have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we report that HMGA1 is highly induced during dopaminergic cell death in vitro and mice models of PD in vivo . Functional studies using genetic knockdown of endogenous HMGA1 show that HMGA1 signaling inhibition accelerates neural cell death, at least partially through aggravating MPP + -induced autophagic flux reduction resulting from partial block in autophagic flux at the terminal stages, indicating a novel potential neuroprotective role for HMGA1 in dopaminergic neurons death. MicroRNA-103/107 (miR-103/107) family, which is highly expressed in neuron, coordinately ensures proper end-stage autophagy. We further illustrate that MPP + /1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced HMGA1 elevation counterparts the effect of miR-103/107 downregulation by directly binding to their promoters, respectively, sustaining their expression in MPP + -damaged MN9D cells and modulates autophagy through CDK5R1/CDK5 signaling pathway. We also find that HMGA1 is a direct target of miR-103/107 family. Thus, our results suggest that HMGA1 forms a negative feedback loop with miR-103/107-CDK5R1/CDK5 signaling to regulate the MPP + /MPTP-induced autophagy impairment and neural cell death. Collectively, we identify a paradigm for compensatory neuroprotective HMGA1 signaling in dopaminergic neurons that could have important therapeutic implications for PD., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Li, Luo, Wang, Qian, Ye, Li and Zhang.)

Opioids and α2-agonists have been used as epidural adjuvants in local anesthetics for a long time, but the effect of the combination of opioids and α2-agonists as epidural adjuvants is not completely understood. In the present study, the combination of dexmedetomidine (Dex) and sufentanil as adjuvants to ropivacaine for epidural labor analgesia was investigated. A total of 108 parturient women receiving labor epidural analgesia were randomly divided into three groups: i) Group RD received 0.1% ropivacaine + 0.5 µg/ml Dex; ii) Group RS received 0.1% ropivacaine + 0.5 µg/ml sufentanil; and iv) Group RDS received 0.1% ropivacaine + 0.25 µg/ml Dex + 0.25 µg/ml sufentanil. Patients received a 10 ml loading dose followed by a maintenance by patient controlled epidural analgesia. The visual analog scale scores, onset time, local anesthetic requirements, motor blockage and adverse effects were recorded. Group RDS displayed an improved labor analgesia effect compared with Groups RD and RS. Group RDS displayed a shorter onset time compared with Groups RD and RS, and a reduced local anesthetic requirement compared with Group RS. The motor blockage in Groups RDS and RS was significantly lower compared with Group RD, and the incidence of pruritus in Groups RDS and RD was lower compared with Group RS. In conclusion, the combined use of 0.25 µg/ml Dex and 0.25 µg/ml sufentanil as adjuvants to 0.1% ropivacaine for epidural labor analgesia displayed an improved analgesia effect compared with the use of either 0.5 µg/ml sufentanil or 0.5 µg/ml Dex alone. The present study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Center on 23 February, 2018 (registration no. ChiCTR-IOR-1800014943)., (Copyright: © Li et al.)

To compare the effects of intrathecal dexmedetomidine and intrathecal morphine as supplements to bupivacaine in cesarean sections under spinal anesthesia. Full-term parturients (n=120) undergoing elective cesarean sections under spinal anesthesia were randomly allocated into three groups: Group B received 10 mg bupivacaine, Group BD received 10 mg bupivacaine plus 5 µg dexmedetomidine, and Group BM received 10 mg bupivacaine plus 100 µg morphine. The onset and regression time of sensory and motor blockade, postoperative analgesia, and side effects were recorded. Group BD showed quicker onset time and a longer sensory and motor blockade than other groups (BD vs. B and BD vs. BM, p<0.05). The mean time of sensory regression to the S1 segment was 253.21±42.79 min in group BD, 192.50±40.62 min in group BM and 188.33±37.62 min in group B (p<0.001). Group BD showed an analgesia duration (time to requirement of first rescue analgesic) (17.59±6.23 h) similar to that of group BM (16.78±5.90 h) but longer than that of group B (3.53±1.68 h) (p<0.001). The incidence of pruritus was significantly higher in group BM compared with groups BD and B (p<0.001). Less shivering was observed in group BD than in groups BM and B (p=0.009). So intrathecal dexmedetomidine (5 µg) prolonged the motor and sensory blockade, provided a similar analgesic effect and reduced pruritus and shivering compared with morphine (100 µg) in cesarean sections.