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A Cu 2 O-derived catalyst selectively and durably electroreduces CO 2 to formate with a maximum faradaic efficiency of 74% in S 2- -containing electrolyte and exhibits a high formate partial current density of up to 110 mA cm -2 in a flow cell.

Segmenting the irregular pancreas and inconspicuous tumor simultaneously is an essential but challenging step in diagnosing pancreatic cancer. Current deep-learning (DL) methods usually segment the pancreas or tumor independently using mixed image features, which are disrupted by surrounding complex and low-contrast background tissues. Here, we proposed a deep causal learning framework named CausegNet for pancreas and tumor co-segmentation in 3D CT sequences. Specifically, a causality-aware module and a counterfactual loss are employed to enhance the DL network's comprehension of the anatomical causal relationship between the foreground elements (pancreas and tumor) and the background. By integrating causality into CausegNet, the network focuses solely on extracting intrinsic foreground causal features while effectively learning the potential causality between the pancreas and the tumor. Then based on the extracted causal features, CausegNet applies a counterfactual inference to significantly reduce the background interference and sequentially search for pancreas and tumor from the foreground. Consequently, our approach can handle deformable pancreas and obscure tumors, resulting in superior co-segmentation performance in both public and real clinical datasets, achieving the highest pancreas/tumor Dice coefficients of 86.67%/84.28%. The visualized features and anti-noise experiments further demonstrate the causal interpretability and stability of our method. Furthermore, our approach improves the accuracy and sensitivity of downstream pancreatic cancer risk assessment task by 12.50% and 50.00%, respectively, compared to experienced clinicians, indicating promising clinical applications., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no competing interests in this work., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

A growing number of clinical and animal studies suggest that the nucleus accumbens (NAc), especially the shell, is involved in the pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). However, the role of parvalbumin (PV) GABAergic neurons in the NAc shell involved in TLE is still unclear. In this study, we induced a spontaneous TLE model by intrahippocampal administration of kainic acid (KA), which generally induce acute seizures in first 2 h (acute phase) and then lead to spontaneous recurrent seizures after two months (chronic phase). We found that chemogenetic activation of NAc shell PV neurons could alleviate TLE seizures by reducing the number and period of focal seizures (FSs) and secondary generalized seizures (sGSs), while selective inhibition of PV exacerbated seizure activity. Ruby-virus mapping results identified that the hippocampus (ventral and dorsal) is one of the projection targets of NAc shell PV neurons. Chemogenetic activation of the NAc-Hip PV projection fibers can mitigate seizures while inhibition has no effect on seizure ictogenesis. In summary, our findings reveal that PV neurons in the NAc shell could modulate the seizures in TLE via a long-range NAc-Hip circuit. All of these results enriched the investigation between NAc and epilepsy, offering new targets for future epileptogenesis research and precision therapy., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None of the author has any potential conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Scientific research activity in hospitals is important for promoting the development of clinical medicine, and the scientific literacy of medical staff plays an important role in improving the quality and competitiveness of hospital research. To date, no index system applicable to the scientific literacy of medical staff in China has been developed that can effectively evaluate and guide scientific literacy. This study aimed to establish an index system for the scientific literacy of medical staff in China and provide a reference for improving the evaluation of this system., Methods: In this study, a preliminary indicator pool for the scientific literacy of medical staff was constructed through the nominal group technique (n = 16) with medical staff. Then, two rounds of Delphi expert consultation surveys (n = 20) were conducted with clinicians, and the indicators were screened, revised and supplemented using the boundary value method and expert opinions. Next, the hierarchical analysis method was utilized to determine the weights of the indicators and ultimately establish a scientific literacy indicator system for medical staff., Results: Following expert opinion, the index system for the scientific literacy of medical staff featuring 2 first-level indicators, 9 second-level indicators, and 38 third-level indicators was ultimately established, and the weights of the indicators were calculated. The two first-level indicators were research literacy and research ability, and the second-level indicators were research attitude (0.375), ability to identify problems (0.2038), basic literacy (0.1250), ability to implement projects (0.0843), research output capacity (0.0747), professional capacity (0.0735), data-processing capacity (0.0239), thesis-writing skills (0.0217), and ability to use literature (0.0181)., Conclusions: This study constructed a comprehensive scientific literacy index system that can assess medical staff's scientific literacy and serve as a reference for evaluating and improving their scientific literacy., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Investigating correlations between radiomic and genomic profiling in breast cancer (BC) molecular subtypes is crucial for understanding disease mechanisms and providing personalized treatment. We present a well-designed radiogenomic framework image-gene-gene set (IMAGGS), which detects multi-way associations in BC subtypes by integrating radiomic and genomic features. Our dataset consists of 721 patients, each of whom has 12 ultrasound (US) images captured from different angles and gene mutation data. To better characterize tumor traits, 12 multi-angle US images are fused using two distinct strategies. Then, we analyze complex many-to-many associations between phenotypic and genotypic features using a machine learning algorithm, deviating from the prevalent one-to-one relationship pattern observed in previous studies. Key radiomic and genomic features are screened using these associations. In addition, gene set enrichment analysis is performed to investigate the joint effects of gene sets and delve deeper into the biological functions of BC subtypes. We further validate the feasibility of IMAGGS in a glioblastoma multiforme dataset to demonstrate the scalability of IMAGGS across different modalities and diseases. Taken together, IMAGGS provides a comprehensive characterization for diseases by associating imaging, genes, and gene sets, paving the way for biological interpretation of radiomics and development of targeted therapy., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest The authors declare no potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Genetics Society of China. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The applications of silica-based glass have evolved alongside human civilization for thousands of years. High-precision manufacturing of three-dimensional (3D) fused silica glass objects is required in various industries, ranging from everyday life to cutting-edge fields. Advanced 3D printing technologies have emerged as a potent tool for fabricating arbitrary glass objects with ultimate freedom and precision. Stereolithography and femtosecond laser direct writing respectively achieved their resolutions of ~50 μm and ~100 nm. However, fabricating glass structures with centimeter dimensions and sub-micron features remains challenging. Presented here, our study effectively bridges the gap through engineering suitable materials and utilizing one-photon micro-stereolithography (OμSL)-based 3D printing, which flexibly creates transparent and high-performance fused silica glass components with complex, 3D sub-micron architectures. Comprehensive characterizations confirm that the final material is stoichiometrically pure silica with high quality, defect-free morphology, and excellent optical properties. Homogeneous volumetric shrinkage further facilitates the smallest voxel, reducing the size from 2.0 × 2.0 × 1.0 μm 3 to 0.8 × 0.8 × 0.5 μm 3 . This approach can be used to produce fused silica glass components with various 3D geometries featuring sub-micron details and millimetric dimensions. This showcases promising prospects in diverse fields, including micro-optics, microfluidics, mechanical metamaterials, and engineered surfaces., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Electrochemical CO 2 reduction to value-added chemicals or fuels offers a promising approach to reduce carbon emissions and alleviate energy shortage. Cu-based electrocatalysts have been widely reported as capable of reducing CO 2 to produce a variety of multicarbon products (e.g., ethylene and ethanol). In this work, we develop sulfur-doped Cu 2 O electrocatalysts, which instead can electrochemically reduce CO 2 to almost exclusively formate. We show that a dynamic equilibrium of S exists at the Cu 2 O-electrolyte interface, and S-doped Cu 2 O undergoes in situ surface reconstruction to generate active S-adsorbed metallic Cu sites during the CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations together with in situ infrared absorption spectroscopy measurements show that the S-adsorbed metallic Cu surface can not only promote the formation of the *OCHO intermediate but also greatly suppress *H and *COOH adsorption, thus facilitating CO 2 -to-formate conversion during the electrochemical CO 2 RR., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Purpose: The emergence of genomic targeted therapy has improved the prospects of treatment for breast cancer (BC). However, genetic testing relies on invasive and sophisticated procedures., Patients and Methods: Here, we performed ultrasound (US) and target sequencing to unravel the possible association between US radiomics features and somatic mutations in TNBC (n=83) and non-TNBC (n=83) patients. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) were utilized to perform radiomic feature selection. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis was utilized to identify the signaling pathways associated with radiomic features., Results: Thirteen differently represented radiomic features were identified in TNBC and non-TNBC, including tumor shape, textual, and intensity features. The US radiomic-gene pairs were differently exhibited between TNBC and non-TNBC. Further investigation with KEGG verified radiomic-pathway (ie, JAK-STAT, MAPK, Ras, Wnt, microRNAs in cancer, PI3K-Akt) associations in TNBC and non-TNBC., Conclusion: The pivotal network provided the connections of US radiogenomic signature and target sequencing for non-invasive genetic assessment of precise BC treatment., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work., (© 2023 Huang et al.)

Proximity labeling has emerged as a powerful strategy for interrogating cell-cell interactions. However, the nanometer-scale labeling radius impedes the use of current methods for indirect cell communications and makes recording cell spatial organization in tissue samples difficult. Here, we develop quinone methide-assisted identification of cell spatial organization (QMID), a chemical strategy with the labeling radius matching the cell dimension. The activating enzyme is installed on the surface of bait cells, which produces QM electrophiles that can diffuse across micrometers and label proximal prey cells independent of cell-cell contacts. In cell coculture, QMID reveals gene expression of macrophages that are regulated by spatial proximity to tumor cells. Furthermore, QMID enables labeling and isolation of proximal cells of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in the mouse spleen, and subsequent single-cell RNA sequencing uncovers distinctive cell populations and gene expression patterns within the immune niches of specific T cell subtypes. QMID should facilitate dissecting cell spatial organization in various tissues.

Self-renewal and differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are influenced by protein O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification, but the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. Herein, we report the identification of 979 O-GlcNAcylated proteins and 1340 modification sites in mouse ESCs (mESCs) by using a chemoproteomics method. In addition to OCT4 and SOX2, the third core pluripotency transcription factor (PTF) NANOG was found to be modified and functionally regulated by O-GlcNAc. Upon differentiation along the neuronal lineage, the O-GlcNAc stoichiometry at 123 sites of 83 proteins-several of which were PTFs-was found to decline. Transcriptomic profiling reveals 2456 differentially expressed genes responsive to OGT inhibition during differentiation, of which 901 are target genes of core PTFs. By acting on the core PTF network, suppression of O-GlcNAcylation upregulates neuron-related genes, thus contributing to mESC fate determination., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

As an essential micronutrient element in organisms, copper controls a host of fundamental cellular functions. Recently, copper-dependent cell growth and proliferation have been defined as "cuproplasia". Conversely, "cuproptosis" represents copper-dependent cell death, in a nonapoptotic manner. So far, a series of copper ionophores have been developed to kill cancer cells. However, the biological response mechanism of copper uptake has not been systematically analyzed. Based on quantitative proteomics, we revealed the crosstalk between copper stress and cuproptosis in cancer cells, and also explored the feasibility of curcumin as anticancer copper ionophore. Copper stress not only couples with cuproptosis, but also leads to reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress, oxidative damage and cell cycle arrest. In cancer cells, a feedback cytoprotection mechanism involving cuproptosis mediators was discovered. During copper treatment, the activation of glutamine transporters and the loss of Fe-S cluster proteins are the facilitators and results of cuproptosis, respectively. Through copper depletion, glutathione (GSH) blocks the cuproptosis process, rescues the activation of glutamine transporters, and prevents the loss of Fe-S cluster proteins, except for protecting cancer cells from apoptosis, protein degradation and oxidative damage. In addition, the copper ionophore curcumin can control the metabolisms of lipids, RNA, NADH and NADPH in colorectal cancer cells, and also up-regulates positive cuproptosis mediators. This work not only established the crosstalk between copper stress and cuproptosis, but also discolored the suppression and acceleration of cuproptosis by GSH and curcumin, respectively. Our results are significant for understanding cuproptosis process and developing novel anticancer reagents based on cuproptosis., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest There are no conflicts of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Conductive polymers have attracted a great deal of attention due to their remarkable electrical conductivity. However, the low solubility and inability to meet the limit for the flexible patterning fabrication ability of conductive polymers hinders their applications in miniaturized and integrated electronic devices. Here, femtosecond laser direct writing (FsLDW) is employed to achieve the in situ fabrication of polypyrrole (PPy) with flexibility. Notably, high-precision flexible patterning with a minimum feature size of 5.2 µm and spatial control over the polymerization of PPy is achieved. Moreover, PPy microwires are constructed into a photodetector that exhibits a responsivity of 644 A/W at 0.1-V bias under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Ultimately, an image sensor is fabricated by integrating multiple photodetectors, demonstrating the application potential of FsLDW technology for developing miniaturized and integrated electronic devices based on conductive polymers.

With the ever-increasing sophistication of integration of electronic devices, the problem of heat accumulation has become ever more serious. Here, a miniaturized photodetector with thermal stability was fabricated by combining the excellent characteristics of femtosecond laser direct writing (FsLDW) and silicon (Si). The sensing part of the photodetector is a Si microwire composed of Si nanoparticles and the sensing area is only 300 μm 2 . As a result, the photodetector can work stably at a temperature as high as 100°C and the response speed of the photodetector becomes notably faster at high temperatures. Furthermore, an image sensor was successfully fabricated by integrating 16 photodetectors and the image sensor can also work stably at high temperatures. This work demonstrates the potential for application of photodetectors based on Si microwires prepared by FsLDW under harsh conditions.

Electrochemical CO 2 reduction to value-added chemicals/fuels provides a promising way to mitigate CO 2 emission and alleviate energy shortage. CO 2 -to-CO conversion involves only two-electron/proton transfer and thus is kinetically fast. Among the various developed CO 2 -to-CO reduction electrocatalysts, transition metal/N-doped carbon (M-N-C) catalysts are attractive due to their low cost and high activity. In this work, recent progress on the development of M-N-C catalysts for electrochemical CO 2 -to-CO conversion is reviewed in detail. The regulation of the active sites in M-N-C catalysts and their related adjustable electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction performance is discussed. A visual performance comparison of M-N-C catalysts for CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) reported over the recent years is given, which suggests that Ni and Fe-N-C catalysts are the most promising candidates for large-scale reduction of CO 2 to produce CO. Finally, outlooks and challenges are proposed for future research of CO 2 -to-CO conversion., (© 2021 The Authors. Advanced Science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

As a typical class of excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) molecules, 3-hydroxyflavone derivatives (3HF, also known as flavonols) have received much attention recently. Thereinto, the role of hydrophobic microenvironment is significant importance in promoting the process and effects of ESIPT, which can be regulated by the solvents, the existence of metal ions and proteins rich with α-helix structures or the advanced DNA structures. Considering that plenty of biological macromolecules offer cellular hydrophobic microenvironment, enhancing the ESIPT effects and resulting in dual emission, 3HF could be a promising scaffold for the development of fluorescent imaging in cells. Furthermore, as the widespread occurance of compounds with biological activity in plants, 3HF derivatives are much more secure to be cellular diagnosis and treatment integrated fluorescent probes. In this review, multiple regulatory strategies for the fluorescence emission of 3HF derivatives have been collectively and comprehensively analyzed, including the solvent effects, metal chelation, interaction with proteins or DNAs, which would be beneficial for ESIPT-promoting or ESIPT-blocking processes and then enhance or control the fluorescence emission of 3HF effectively. We expect that this review would provide a new perspective to develop novel 3HF-based fluorescent sensors for imaging in cells and plants., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Digital manufacturing technology meets the needs of today's technological development. However, the post-processing is essential for some digital fabrication methods, such as annealing and ultraviolet (UV) exposure. Femtosecond laser direct writing (FsLDW) has gained considerable attention, because it is a non-photolithographic, non-vacuum, and no heat fabrication method. The photodetectors based on a semiconductor microwire were fabricated via FsLDW. Finally, the responsivity of the fabricated photodetectors based on zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium dioxide ( T i O 2 ), and tin oxide ( S n O 2 ) can reach 14.27, 1.3, and 81 A/W, respectively. The enhanced performance is attributed to the rough and porous surface of ZnO, T i O 2 , and S n O 2 microwires. The whole preparation process is realized by the programmed control femtosecond laser scanning path. This Letter demonstrates that the fabrication method has potential in the digital manufacturing of high-performance UV photodetectors.

Dramatically increased CO 2 concentration from several point sources is perceived to cause severe greenhouse effect towards the serious ongoing global warming with associated climate destabilization, inducing undesirable natural calamities, melting of glaciers, and extreme weather patterns. CO 2 capture and utilization (CCU) has received tremendous attention due to its significant role in intensifying global warming. Considering the lack of a timely review on the state-of-the-art progress of promising CCU techniques, developing an appropriate and prompt summary of such advanced techniques with a comprehensive understanding is necessary. Thus, it is imperative to provide a timely review, given the fast growth of sophisticated CO 2 capture and utilization materials and their implementation. In this work, we critically summarized and comprehensively reviewed the characteristics and performance of both liquid and solid CO 2 adsorbents with possible schemes for the improvement of their CO 2 capture ability and advances in CO 2 utilization. Their industrial applications in pre- and post-combustion CO 2 capture as well as utilization were systematically discussed and compared. With our great effort, this review would be of significant importance for academic researchers for obtaining an overall understanding of the current developments and future trends of CCU. This work is bound to benefit researchers in fields relating to CCU and facilitate the progress of significant breakthroughs in both fundamental research and commercial applications to deliver perspective views for future scientific and industrial advances in CCU.

Flexible ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors (PDs) have gained increasing demand because of their widespread applications in wearable devices. However, difficulties associated with complicated fabrication technologies significantly limit their scope of application. Herein, via the development of a femtosecond laser direct writing (FsLDW) strategy, silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles are found to be assembled in a single microwire within 30 s. The surface of the deposited SiC microwire presents a three-dimensional porous structure, which is conducive to improving the responsivity of the device. The responsivity of a SiC-based microwire PD to UV light at 365 nm is found to be 55.89 A W-1 at a 1 V bias. The as-fabricated SiC microwire PDs on a glass substrate exhibit thermal stability at 350 °C, and the response speed of the PDs becomes notably faster at high temperatures, suggesting their promising applications in harsh conditions. Due to the low-temperature processing characteristics of this process, they can be prepared not only on glass substrates, but also on thermosensitive polymer substrates without an extra transfer process. Moreover, the SiC microwires prepared via FsLDW are directly deposited on the flexible substrate, and the prepared flexible SiC-based PDs can still work stably after being bent 2000 times. This research unveils a feasible way to fabricate a PD with excellent thermal stability and mechanical flexibility.

Reactive species, such as . PO 2 and HOPO, are considered of upmost importance in flame inhibition and catalytic combustion processes of fuels. However, the underlying chemistry of their formation remains speculative due to the unavailability of suitable analytical techniques that can be used to identify the transient species which lead to their formation. This study elucidates the reaction mechanisms of the formation of phosphoryl species from dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) and dimethyl methyl phosphoramidate (DMPR) under well-defined oxidative conditions. Photoelectron photoion coincidence techniques that utilized vacuum ultraviolet synchrotron radiation were applied to isomer-selectively detect the elusive key intermediates and stable products. With the help of in situ recorded spectral fingerprints, different transient species, such as PO 2 and triplet O radicals, have been exclusively identified from their isomeric components, which has helped to piece together the formation mechanisms of phosphoryl species under various conditions. It was found that . PO 2 formation required oxidative conditions above 1070 K. The combined presence of O 2 and H 2 led to significant changes in the decomposition chemistry of both model phosphorus compounds, leading to the formation of . PO 2 . The reaction . PO+O 2 → . PO 2 +O: was identified as the key step in the formation of . PO 2 . Interestingly, the presence of O 2 in DMPR thermolysis suppresses the formation of PN-containing species. In a previous study, PN species were identified as the major species formed during the pyrolysis of DMPR. Thus, the findings of this study has shed light onto the decomposition pathways of organophosphorus compounds, which are beneficial for their fuel additive and fire suppressant applications., (© 2020 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

Macrophage polarization serves an important role in immune regulation that is regulated by T‑cell immunoglobulin‑mucin‑3 (Tim‑3). The objective of the present study was to explore the role of 1,25‑dihydroxy‑vitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] in macrophage polarization. Plasmid transfection techniques were applied to prepare RAW264.7 cells with silenced or overexpressed Tim‑3 gene. ELISAs were used to examine the level of inflammatory factors secreted by macrophages. Proteins levels were determined by western blot analysis. mRNAs expression levels were assessed using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. It was identified that 1,25(OH)2D3 upregulated Tim‑3 levels and promoted the secretion of interleukin (IL)‑10. 1,25(OH)2D3 was also observed to increase the level of transforming growth factor‑β and to inhibit tumor necrosis factor‑α and IL‑6. The results also suggested that Tim‑3 gene silencing induced macrophages polarization to classically activated macrophages (M1), and that overexpression of the Tim‑3 gene induced macrophage polarization to alternatively activated macrophages (M2). 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment upregulated the expression level of Tim‑3 in macrophages, which promoted cell polarization to M2 and inhibited polarization to M1. The data from the present study indicated that Tim‑3 may induce macrophage polarization to M2, and that 1,25(OH)2D3 produced immunosuppressive effects by upregulating Tim‑3.

The thermal behavior of organophosphorus compounds is intricate and poorly understood but crucial for understanding gas-phase flame inhibition, syntheses of thermally active phosphorus-based reactive precursors, catalytic combustion, incineration of toxic nerve gases, and astrochemistry. In this work, the pyrolysis of dimethyl phosphoramidate was investigated using photoion photoelectron coincidence spectroscopy in combination with vacuum ultraviolet synchrotron radiation. This technique enables isomer-selective detection of reactive intermediates, which are crucial in the understanding of the decomposition process. Combined with quantum chemical calculations, the experimental results permit the formulation of a comprehensive pyrolysis reaction pathway for dimethyl phosphoramidate, consisting of several reactive phosphorus species on four possible decomposition pathways. Compared to the decomposition of dimethyl methyl phosphonate, which leads exclusively to the formation of PO radicals, substitution of the methyl with an amino group most notably yields phosphorus nitride (P≡N). This mostly favored reaction pathway involves the subsequent loss of methanol and formaldehyde to yield three PONH 2 tautomers, which eliminate water to generate P≡N. The thermally induced production of PN species and its possible role in flame inhibition has not previously been reported. In addition, the adiabatic ionization energy of O=P(OCH 3 ) 2 NH 2 was determined to be 9.79±0.02 eV., (© 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

The production of phosphoryl species (PO, PO2, HOPO) is believed to be of great importance for efficient flame-retardant action in the gas phase. We present a detailed investigation of the thermal decomposition of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) probed by vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) synchrotron radiation and imaging photoelectron photoion coincidence (iPEPICO) spectroscopy. This technique provides a snapshot of the thermolysis process and direct evidence of how the reactive phosphoryl species are generated during heat exposure. One of the key findings of this work is that only PO is formed in high concentration upon DMMP decomposition, whereas PO2 is absent. It can be concluded that the formation of PO2 needs an oxidative environment, which is typically the case in a real flame. Based on the identification of products such as methanol, formaldehyde, and PO, as well as the intermediates O=P-CH3, H2C=P-OH, and H2C=P(=O)H, supported by quantum chemical calculations, we were able to describe the predominant pathways that lead to active phosphoryl species during the thermal decomposition of DMMP., (© 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)