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Taenia pisiformis is a parasite that causes cysticercosis pisiformis, which has acquired economic relevance because of its effects on animal welfare and production. A useful assay for the detection of T. pisiformis is needed for the prevention of cysticercosis pisiformis and control of the parasite. The 18-kDa oncosphere antigen is expressed in the oncosphere of several cysticerci in species of the genus Taenia, including T. pisiformis. This protein plays an important role in tissue invasion and has extensive applications in diagnosis. In this study, the T. pisiformis 18-kDa oncosphere antigen (TPO18) was expressed in soluble form and successfully purified for use in the production of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against TPO18. Twenty hybridomas were obtained using ELISA, and the subcloning process identified three positive hybridoma cell lines, which were designated as 4E8, 5G5, and 7E8. MAb 7E8 exhibited the highest titer and had an IgG2b heavy chain and a kappa light chain. Western blot analysis demonstrated that MAb 7E8 reacted with GST-TPO18. Immunohistochemistry showed that TPO18 was widely distributed in the drape and wall of uteri in adults of T. pisiformis adults and in the fibrous layer of the sucker and cyst cavity of T. pisiformis cysticerci. This research will provide a foundation for the development of diagnostic tools and will contribute to a better understanding of the functions of TPO18., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To explore whether acupuncture and moxibustion can prevent disease progression of advanced gastric cancer patients completing second-line chemotherapy and, if so, the related mechanism., Method: Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were main outcome measures. The real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of genes including T-bet, IFN- γ , GATA3, and IL-4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). IL-4, IL-6, Ca199, CRP, and IFN- γ in plasma levels were checked., Results: 170 patients were randomly assigned in a 3 : 2 ratio to receive either acupuncture and moxibustion or sham acupuncture until progression. 135 patients were included in the primary analysis. Both PFS and OS in treatment group were proven to be better than control group. Acupuncture and moxibustion promoted typical Th1 cells drifting, as confirmed by increased T-bet/IFN- γ and decreased GATA3/IL-4 in mRNA levels from PBMCs, as well as upregulating IFN- γ and downregulating IL-4 in plasma levels. IL-6, Ca199, and CRP in plasma levels were also reduced by acupuncture and moxibustion., Conclusions: Acupuncture and moxibustion can prolong PFS and OS of advanced gastric cancer patients completing second-line chemotherapy by reversing Th1/Th2 shift and attenuating inflammatory responses., Competing Interests: All authors have no conflicts of interest with respect to the manuscript., (Copyright © 2020 Yong-jie Zhang et al.)