Search

Pleomorphic adenomas (PA) are the most common benign salivary gland tumors. They arise from the major salivary glands, as well as the minor salivary glands. They may arise rarely from the palate, oral cavity, neck, and nasal cavity also. Yet, the fourth, fifth, and sixth decades of life are the most common for them to manifest. Forty percent of them occur in males and 60% in females. It is a benign mixed tumor, which has three components: an epithelial component, a myoepithelial cell component, and a mesenchymal component. A fibrous capsule separates these cells from the surrounding tissues. It generally presents as a slowly progressing painless swelling, which is well-delineated, nonsymptomatic, and not involving the facial nerve. Salivary gland tumors can be accurately diagnosed before surgery using fine-needle aspiration (FNA), ultrasonography (USG), and computed tomography (CT) scan. Calponin, cluster of differentiation 9 (CD9), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Mcl-2, metastasis suppressor gene (NM23), p63, S-100, smooth muscle actin (SMA), and SRY-box transcription factor 10 (SOX10) exhibit the majority of the positive reactions in pleomorphic adenomas. The diagnostic marker pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) is frequently employed since it is specific for pleomorphic adenoma. Although benign, these epithelial tumors have a propensity to recur and undergo malignant transformation if incompletely excised, leading to increased morbidity in these patients. A review of the consensus guidelines and literature was conducted, and the online literature on the subject from 2002 was included. This article is not a complete review of all the available literature; rather, it is a comprehensive review of the topic., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Kalwaniya et al.)

Introduction Inguinal hernia is a common surgical problem throughout the world. Currently, the management options available are open mesh hernioplasty and laparoscopic mesh repair. Laparoscopic mesh repair can be performed by either transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) repair or totally extraperitoneal (TEP) repair. Many studies comparing the two procedures have been unable to establish the superiority of one procedure over the other and have yielded conflicting results. Thus, we performed this study to compare TAPP and TEP. Aim The aim of this study is to compare the clinical outcomes and safety of laparoscopic TEP and laparoscopic TAPP for inguinal hernia repair. Materials and methods Patients were randomly divided into two groups on the basis of surgical procedures. The first group of patients underwent laparoscopic TAPP mesh repair, and the second group of patients underwent laparoscopic TEP mesh repair. Their intraoperative and postoperative findings were noted. Patients were followed up at regular intervals for up to six months. Results The mean age and mean weight distribution between the two groups were not significant. The duration of surgery needed (in minutes) for TAPP was found to be significantly less compared to TEP. In the TEP group, conversion to open occurred for three subjects (6.7%) while there was no conversion in the TAPP group. Postoperative pain at 24 hrs was found to be higher in TAPP subjects compared to that in TEP subjects, but the difference was statistically insignificant. Tolerance to a liquid diet started few hours after surgery was found to be the same in both groups. Association of the duration of hospital stays with the type of surgery was not significant. Six subjects (13.2%) showed hematoma in the TEP group while five subjects (11%) in the TAPP group showed hematoma after one week of surgery. Eight subjects (17.6%) showed seroma in the TEP group while three subjects (15.4%) in the TAPP group showed seroma after one week of surgery. Two subjects (4.4%) showed superficial wound infection in both the TEP group and TAPP group after one week of surgery. Four subjects each (8.9%) showed scrotal edema in the TEP group as well as the TAPP group after one week of surgery. No subject showed port site hernia without closure of the sheath at one-week, one-month, and six-month follow-up visits. Two subjects (4.4%) each showed groin pain in the TEP group as well as the TAPP group after one week of surgery. There were no instances of bowel obstruction or mesh infection. Conclusion TEP is a more skill-demanding procedure as compared to TAPP and thus takes more time to perform. However, it is superior on account of not breaching the peritoneum. TAPP is favorable for larger hernias. The choice of procedure should be individualized according to the patient's characteristics and surgeon's preference., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Jaiswal et al.)

Background and Aims: Recovery from surgery and anaesthesia is usually observed through conventional indicators. The Quality of Recovery (QoR-15) score was specially designed to measure psychometric and functional recovery from the patient's perspective. This study aimed to evaluate QoR-15 following the administration of intravenous (IV) lignocaine or IV fentanyl in patients undergoing septoplasty surgery., Methods: This randomised, controlled trial was conducted on 64 patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I and II, of either sex, of ages between 18 and 60 years, and who were scheduled for septoplasty. The primary end point was to compare the quality of recovery following the administration of IV lignocaine(group L) and IV fentanyl (group F) using the QoR-15 score in patients undergoing septoplasty. Secondary end points were to compare postoperative analgesia, recovery characteristics, and adverse effects in both groups. Statistical analysis was done using the Shapiro-Wilk test, paired t test/ Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and unpaired t test/Mann-Whitney U test. A P -value <0.05 was considered statistically significant., Results: There was a significant improvement in the postoperative QoR-15 score than in the preoperative score in both groups ( P < 0.000). However, the postoperative QoR-15 score was significantly higher in group L compared to group F ( P < 0.001). Total consumption of analgesic doses were reduced in group L ( P =0.000). Time taken to achieve an Aldrete score >9 and gastrointestinal recovery was shorter in group L compared to group F., Conclusion: Both IV lignocaine and IV fentanyl improved postoperative QoR-15 score; however, lignocaine had a higher postoperative QoR-15 score than fentanyl, in addition to showing early discharge readiness, better analgesia, and better recovery profile in patients following septoplasty surgery., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2023 Indian Journal of Anaesthesia.)