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Phases with spontaneous time-reversal ( T ) symmetry breaking are sought after for their anomalous physical properties, low-dissipation electronic and spin responses, and information-technology applications. Recently predicted altermagnetic phase features an unconventional and attractive combination of a strong T -symmetry breaking in the electronic structure and a zero or only weak-relativistic magnetization. In this work, we experimentally observe the anomalous Hall effect, a prominent representative of the T -symmetry breaking responses, in the absence of an external magnetic field in epitaxial thin-film Mn 5 Si 3 with a vanishingly small net magnetic moment. By symmetry analysis and first-principles calculations we demonstrate that the unconventional d-wave altermagnetic phase is consistent with the experimental structural and magnetic characterization of the Mn 5 Si 3 epilayers, and that the theoretical anomalous Hall conductivity generated by the phase is sizable, in agreement with experiment. An analogy with unconventional d-wave superconductivity suggests that our identification of a candidate of unconventional d-wave altermagnetism points towards a new chapter of research and applications of magnetic phases., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

We demonstrate the kinetically controlled growth of one-dimensional Co nanomagnets with a high lateral order on a nanopatterned Ag(110) surface. First, self-organized Si nanoribbons are formed upon submonolayer condensation of Si on the anisotropic Ag(110) surface. Depending on the growth temperature, individual or regular arrays (with a pitch of 2 nm) of Si nanoribbons can be grown. Next, the Si/Ag(110) system is used as a novel one-dimensional Si template to guide the growth of Co dimer nanolines on top of the Si nanoribbons, taking advantage of the fact that the thermally activated process of Co diffusion into the Si layer is efficiently hindered at 220 K. Magnetic characterization of the Co nanolines using X-ray magnetic circular dichroism reveals that the first atomic Co layer directly adsorbed onto the Si nanoribbons presents a weak magnetic response. However, the second Co layer exhibits an enhanced magnetization, strongly suggesting a ferromagnetic ordering with an in-plane easy axis of magnetization, which is perpendicular to the Co nanolines.

Heteroepitaxial growth of Ge nanowires was carried out on Si(111) substrates by MBE. Au seeds were used as precursor for the VLS growth of the nanowires. Even if the Au droplets do not act as catalyst for the dissociation of gas, they are local preferential areas where the energetic barrier of Ge nucleation is lowered compare to the remaining non activated surface. Two sets of Au seeds were used as precursors for the VLS process. The first set have an average diameter of 125 nm and the second of 25 nm. In-situ RHEED monitoring showed a Au wetting layer between these seeds before the nanowires growth as well as at the end of the Ge nanowires growth. It means that the wetting layer acted as a surfactant from the Si(111) surface to the Ge grown layer between the nanowires. Analysis of SEM images brought the fact that the diffusion of gold from the droplets on the surface and the sidewalls of the nanowires via the Ostwald ripening is a key parameter of the growth of the nanowires.