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The nanoscale plasticity phenomena in zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA) ceramics with yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) addition of 10% and 30% fabricated by additive manufacturing based on a stereolithography technique were explored in detail by nanoindentation and scanning electron microscopy. It was demonstrated that the initiation of nanoscale plasticity was attributed to the combined contributions from the generation of nanoscale shear deformation bands and localized microcracking at the indentations. Such localized plastic behavior underneath the nanoindenter was interpreted by maximum shear stress analysis. The response of the phase boundary during indentation was emphasized through crack propagation paths, and optimization of alumina-YSZ adaptation through component design and SL processing was expected.