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Infrastructural development and urbanization effects have been investigated over the past decades with novel approaches and adaptation strategies. Road network expansions are more useful for the socio-economic development from urban to rural areas where 75 % of the passenger, and goods transportation sectors are influenced by the road. Road infrastructure and urbanization are perpendicular to each other, and this research investigation indicates that the novel approaches and adaptation strategies for road infrastructure and urbanization effects. This study evaluated the trend in the road network and urbanization-related literature from 2010 to 2022 with some measurable keywords. Around 370 pieces of research literature are analysis and around 85 research evaluations for the road network and urbanization-related Land use and land cover (LULC) studies while numerous road network analysis approaches and LULC-related investigations are evaluated in this research. Three major parts road network analysis-related approaches, LULC, and urbanization-related approaches related to road network expansion and urbanization, were investigated. In this work, many research publications' approaches to LULC simulation, kernel density, shortage distance, and picture classification are discussed and assessed. The survey is more valuable for urban planners, future disaster management teams, and administrators to implement the shortage distance analysis, reduction of road accidents, and urbanization effects on the environment., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Developments in the transportation field are emerging because of the growing worldwide demand and upgrading requirements. This study measured the transportation development, shortage distance, and decadal land transformation of Kuala Lumpur and Madrid using various remote sensing and GIS approaches. The kernel density estimation (KDE) tool was applied for road and railway density analysis, and hotspot information increased the knowledge about assessable areas. Landsat datasets were used (1991-2021) for land transformation and related analyses. The built-up land increased by 1327.27 and 404.09 km 2 in Kuala Lumpur and Madrid, respectively. In the last thirty years, the temperature increased 6.45 °C in Kuala Lumpur and 4.15 °C in Madrid owing to urban expansion and road construction. Chamberi, Retiro, Moratalaz, Salama, Wangsa Maju, Titiwangsa, Bukit Bintang, and Seputeh have very high road densities. KDE measurements showed that the road densities in Kuala Lumpur (4498.34) and Madrid (9099.15) were high in the central parts of the city, and the railway densities were 348.872 and 2197.87, respectively. The observed P values were 0.99 and 0.96 for traffic signals and 0.98 and 0.99 for bus stops, respectively. The information provided by this study can support local planners, administrators, scientists, and researchers in understanding the global transportation issues that require implementation strategies for ensuring sustainable livelihoods., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Author(s).)

Conventional bitumen pavement is no longer suitable for handling increasing loads and weather variations, which cause road deterioration, Thus, the modification of bitumen has been suggested to counter this issue. This study provides a detailed assessment of various additives for modifying natural rubber-modified bitumen used in road construction. This work will focus on the use of additives with cup lump natural rubber (CLNR), which has recently started to gain attention among researchers, especially in rubber-producing countries such as Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia. Furthermore, this paper aims to briefly review how the addition of additives or modifiers helps elevate the performance of bitumen by highlighting the significant properties of modified bitumen after the addition of modifiers. Moreover, the amount and method of application of each additive are discussed further to obtain the optimum value for future implementation. On the basis of past studies, this paper will review the utilisation of several types of additives, including polyphosphoric acid, Evotherm, mangosteen powder, trimethyl-quinoline and sulphur, and the application of xylene and toluene to ensure the homogeneity of the rubberised bitumen. Numerous studies were conducted to verify the performance of various types and compositions of additives, particularly in terms of physical and rheological properties. In general, additives enhance the properties of conventional bitumen. Future research should investigate CLNR because studies on its utilisation are limited.