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Despite the active study of vitamin D, today the problem of its insufficient supply remains relevant both in Russia and throughout the world. In our country, the situation is affected by the geographical, climatic, as well as ethnic and cultural characteristics of each region. It is of interest to assess the temporal and territorial characteristics of the population's sufficiency. The purpose of the study was to analyze long-term and intra-annual dynamics of vitamin D status among residents of the Western Siberia region for the correction of prevention programs. Material and methods . An analysis of the vitamin D status in the residents of Western Siberia, located at 53-58° northern latitude, was carried out. The study was carried out among adults aged 18 to 93 years, the median age was 49 [36; 62] years (n=2586). Vitamin D status was determined by the level of 25(OH)D in venous blood serum. The determination was carried out using chemiluminescence immunoassay. Study period - 2017-2023. Results . The results of the study demonstrate an improvement in vitamin D status in residents of Omsk region in dynamics. This is manifested in a decrease in the proportion of people with deficiency from 41.6±1.6% in 2017-2019 to 33.5±1.7% in the period 2022-2023 (p<0.001) and an increase in the proportion of the examined with optimal sufficiency from 26.7±1.4 to 38.2±1.8% (p<0.001). An obvious dependence of vitamin D serum level on the month of the year has been established: low values were noted in the winter and spring months with a minimum in March (18.4 [12.1; 27.9] ng/ml). Conclusion . Seasonal variations are an important factor influencing 25(OH)D blood level. The decrease in the proportion of individuals with deficiency states most likely indicates an increase in vitamin D intake from food or supplements, which requires further study., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright© GEOTAR-Media Publishing Group.)

A number of essential nutrients are involved in the folate cycle, and its effectiveness depends on the sufficient intake of them. In addition, polymorphic variants of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) and methionine synthase (MTR) genes affect a wide range of biochemical reactions of the folate cycle and should also be considered as a risk factor for the development of a number of diseases. The purpose of this research was to study the prevalence of these risk factors. Material and methods . The prevalence of polymorphisms of the folate cycle genes: C677T polymorphism of the MTHFR gene and A66G polymorphism of the MTRR gene in a random stratified (by sex and age) sample of the adult population of the Omsk region [n=139, 51 men, 88 women, aged 18 to 75 years, median age 37 (26; 48) years] was studied. The identification of polymorphisms was carried out by the method of allele-specific polymerase chain reaction with an electrophoretic detection scheme. Using the food intake frequency questionnaire, the dietary intake of nutrients involved in the folate cycle was determined: B vitamins (B6, B2, B9, B12), methionine, choline, in a representative stratified sample of residents of the Omsk region [n=421, 177 men, 244 women, aged 18 to 83 years, median age 37 (23; 57) years]. Results . MTHFR genotypes (A222V С677T C>T) were distributed as follows: CC-type - 51.3%, CT - 41.0%, TT - 7.7%; MTRR genotypes (I22M A>G): AA type - 57.9%, AG - 30.3%, GG - 11.8%. The analysis of actual nutrition showed consumption below the recommended dietary intake of folates in 88.2% persons, vitamin B2 and choline - in 40.5%, vitamin B6 - in 29.2%, methionine - in 22.0%. Vitamin B12 intake was within the recommended range. Conclusion . The totality of the data presented indicates the combined influence and wide distribution of factors that determine the low efficiency of the folate cycle, and, as a result, a high risk of developing a characteristic pathology for the adult population of the region, which determines the need and priorities for prevention measures, including healthy nutrition., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright© GEOTAR-Media Publishing Group.)

The results of research in recent years indicate a widespread low intake of vitamin D, its deficiency or lack among the population of many countries around the world. It is of interest to study vitamin D status of the population living at different geographic latitudes and depending on socio-demographic characteristics. The aim of the research is to analyze vitamin D status of the adult population living in the Omsk Region over the age of 18 in different seasons of the year. Material and methods. Evaluation of vitamin D status has been carried out in 818 adult residents (325 men and 493 women) aged 18 to 92 years, the median of age - 49 (35; 63) years. Vitamin D status was determined by the level of [25 (OH) D] in serum by the method of immuno-chemiluminescent or electrochemiluminescent analysis. Design: cross-section (simultaneous) uncontrolled epidemiological study. Research period: 2017, from January to December. Results and discussion. 25.8±1.5% showed optimal vitamin D provision, insufficient vitamin content was found in 32.5±1.6% of studied participants, and deficit in 41.4±1.7%. The median level of 25(OH)D for all subjects was in the suboptimal sufficiency range and amounted to 22.17 (16.5; 30.3) ng/ml. The lowest level of the metabolite has been registered in patients over the age of 80 years - 16.5 (13.2-22.6) ng/ml, at the age of 70-79 years - 19.1 (12.9-26.9) ng/ml. In persons aged 18-60 years, the median concentrations were higher (22.2-24.8 ng/ml) and did not differ in the age groups. Deficiencies of varying degrees were most prevalent in age groups over 80, 70-79, and 50-59 years. Slightly better sufficiency of men compared with women has been revealed (p=0.052). Seasonal differences were found in the nature of vitamin D supply characterized by a deficit state from January to June [median 18.7 (13.9; 23.5) ng/ml] and a state of insufficiency from July to December [median 24.8 (17.8; 32.04) ng/ml]. The dependence of the level of vitamin D status on the number of sunshine days during the periods of 15-90 days preceding blood collection hasn't been established. Conclusion. The problem of insufficiency of vitamin D applies to all age groups of the adult population of the region of Western Siberia, especially those over 70 years of age. For the first half of the year, predominantly deficient states are characteristic, and for the period from July to December - the state of vitamin D insufficiency in the residents., Competing Interests: The authors declare no overt and potential conflict of interest related to the publication of this article., (Copyright© GEOTAR-Media Publishing Group.)

The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of dental diseases requiring prosthetic treatment among rural population of Omsk region. The study involved 1247 residents from 12 rural areas of the Omsk region at the age of 18 to 87 years. Partial absence of teeth was found in 69.4±1.30%, 7.5±0.75% had a complete absence of teeth on one jaw and 3.8±0.54% on both jaws. Malocclusion is present in 29.5±1.29% of rural residents, the pathology of dental hard tissues, clinical symptoms of TMJ dysfunction, increased dental abrasion were revealed in 63.8±1.36%, 12.0±0.92% and 8.7±0.80%, respectively. Thus the study showed high prevalence of dental pathology that require prosthetic dental rehabilitation in rural areas of the Omsk region.