17 results on '"PERM"'
Search Results
2. Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM) associated with anti-glycine receptor antibodies and urothelial carcinoma: a case report.
- Author
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Ali AH, Benterud A, Holmøy T, and Myro AZ
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Aged, Myoclonus complications, Carcinoma, Transitional Cell, Tetanus complications, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms complications, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms therapy, Encephalomyelitis complications, Encephalomyelitis diagnosis
- Abstract
Background: Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM) is a rare neurological condition with paraneoplastic etiology in about 20% of cases, usually presenting before or shortly after the oncological diagnosis is established. PERM associated with anti-glycine receptor antibodies is not previously reported in a patient with bladder cancer., Case Presentation: A 72-years-old Caucasian male was admitted with acute onset of dysarthria, dysphagia and trismus three years after initial surgical treatment for bladder cancer. The condition was initially diagnosed as tetanus and treated accordingly, but the diagnosis was reconsidered because of progression despite adequate treatment. Diagnostic workup on readmission revealed lung and paraaortal metastases from bladder cancer and anti-glycine receptor (anti-GlyR) antibodies both in the cerebrospinal fluid and in serum, which supplemented with the clinical presentation led to the diagnosis of PERM, presumably related to bladder cancer. The patient showed improvement and stabilization after treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin and chemotherapy against metastatic bladder cancer., Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of anti-GlyR antibody positive PERM related to urothelial carcinoma. The symptoms mimicked tetanus, and responded to chemotherapy and immunotherapy., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2023
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3. Glycine Receptor Antibody-Associated Progressive Encephalomyelitis with Rigidity and Myoclonus (PERM) During SARS-CoV-2 Infection: a Video-Case Report.
- Author
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Giacomozzi S, Barone V, Merli E, Contardi S, Ricciardiello F, Giannoccaro MP, Liguori R, and Zini A
- Published
- 2023
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4. Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Astrocytopathy Presenting as Progressive Encephalomyelitis with Rigidity and Myoclonus.
- Author
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Lim GZ, Yap LG, Chuang DF, Yeo T, and Tan K
- Published
- 2023
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5. Anti-glycine receptor antibody-positive progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus initially presenting with one-sided stiff face: A case report.
- Author
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Irie KI, Tateishi T, Moritaka T, Sakurada N, Kikuchi S, and Taniwaki T
- Abstract
Background: Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM) is a subtype of stiff-person syndrome, a rare cerebrospinal disease that causes brainstem symptoms, myoclonus, muscle rigidity, and hyperekplexia., Case Presentation: A 71-year-old man experienced left-sided stiff face, and was subsequently admitted to our hospital because of the appearance of left-dominant lower limb myoclonus. Muscle rigidity followed 3 days later. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed no abnormality. An electrophysiological examination showed a toughness of the antagonistic muscle following evocation of the Achilles tendon reflex, and a tonic phenomenon affecting the left facial muscles during the blink reflex. The patient's serum was positive for anti-glycine receptor (anti-GlyR) antibody, suggesting PERM. The patient was administered steroids, immunoglobulin therapy, and immunosuppressive drugs. He gradually improved after these therapies and became able to walk using a walker., Conclusions: We conclude that this was a rare case of anti-GlyR antibody-positive PERM with unilateral brainstem symptoms, myoclonus, and muscle rigidity., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Irie, Tateishi, Moritaka, Sakurada, Kikuchi and Taniwaki.)
- Published
- 2022
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6. Quantitative Assessment of Response to Long-Term Treatment with Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Patients with Stiff Person Syndrome.
- Author
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Bose S, Thompson JP, Sadalage G, Karim A, and Jacob S
- Abstract
Background: Stiff person syndrome (SPS) is an autoimmune condition involving antibodies against several components of the inhibitory synapse in the spinal cord, with glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies being the predominant immune marker. SPS affects approximately 1 patient per million population per year. The effect of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has been established, but studies on the long-term efficacy of regular IVIG are limited., Objectives: To review clinical details and long-term treatment response using a patient-reported questionnaire in SPS and related syndromes., Methods: Patients were identified from a tertiary neuroimmunology clinic based on classical clinical symptoms, autoimmune profiles, and neurophysiological changes (Dalakas criteria). They were followed up after treatment to assess the response to IVIG., Results: A total of 23 patients fulfilled the selection criteria. Patients' demographic profiles and clinical presentations were akin to that reported in literature. There was significant improvement in the functional ability (assessed by the modified Rankin scale [mRS]) and quality of life (QoL) following treatment with IVIG within 4 to 10 weeks (pre-mRS vs. post-mRS, P < 0.0001; pre-QoL vs. post-QoL, P = 0.0003) and sustained after 5 years of treatment (pre-mRS vs. present mRS, P = 0.0003; pre-QoL vs. present QoL, P = 0.0002)., Conclusions: This article describes one of the largest single-center experiences of 23 patients with SPS and related syndromes and is the first to establish the long-term efficacy of regular IVIG using a patient-reported scoring system (Birmingham Response to Immunomodulatory Therapy [BRIT]). Consistent improvement in QoL and functional scores were seen over nearly 5 years after regular use of IVIG. It is recommended to use BRIT scores to assess the initial response as well as to monitor continued improvement to immunomodulation in SPS., Competing Interests: None of the authors have any funding sources or conflict of interest relevant to the study., (© 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders Clinical Practice published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.)
- Published
- 2021
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7. Supplementary role of vitamin E and amino acids added to diluent on goat sperm freezability.
- Author
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Merati Z and Farshad A
- Subjects
- Amino Acids, Animals, Cryopreservation methods, Humans, Male, Sperm Motility, Spermatozoa, Vitamin E pharmacology, Goats, Semen Preservation
- Published
- 2021
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8. Determination of the composition and properties of PET bottles: Evidence of the empirical approach from Perm, Russia.
- Author
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Polygalov S, Ilinykh G, Korotaev V, Stanisavljevic N, and Batinic B
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- Cities, Plastics, Russia, Polyethylene Terephthalates, Recycling
- Abstract
Efficient collection systems and information about the characteristics and quality of collected secondary plastic waste flows are of fundamental importance for the development of circular economies. In order to assess the effectiveness of the implementation of separate collection systems for plastic packaging, especially polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles, characteristic of the collected PET bottles in street mesh containers were studied in the city of Perm, Russia. The share of extraneous fractions was assessed and differentiation was carried out by volume, type of product, label presence, shape, content of solid and liquid impurities and colour. These results indicate that PET composition in different seasons is very similar, despite the assumption that the consumption of PET bottles in the spring and autumn seasons varies. In the mesh containers, up to 34% of the items were foreign objects, considering that only PET bottles should be collected. In each dimensional flow of PET bottles, the proportion of transparent bottles prevailed; it ranged from 31% to 70%. Based on the results of the experiment, almost all PET bottle categories had a standard shape, except packaging for food products and household chemicals, in which 26-27% of PET bottles had a non-standard shape. The results about charactersitic of source-separated PET bottles are fundamental for goal-oriented design and implementation of collection, recycling technologies, secondary separation facilities, the economics of recycling intitatives and reverse vending machines for collecting materials.
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- 2021
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9. Systemic delivery of human GlyR IgG antibody induces GlyR internalization into motor neurons of brainstem and spinal cord with motor dysfunction in mice.
- Author
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Carvajal-González A, Jacobson L, Clover L, Wickremaratchi M, Shields S, Lang B, and Vincent A
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- Animals, Autoantibodies immunology, Autoantigens immunology, Autoantigens metabolism, Brain Stem immunology, Brain Stem metabolism, Encephalomyelitis metabolism, Humans, Immunoglobulin G immunology, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Motor Neurons immunology, Muscle Rigidity metabolism, Myoclonus immunology, Myoclonus metabolism, Receptors, Glycine immunology, Spinal Cord immunology, Spinal Cord metabolism, Autoantibodies pharmacology, Encephalomyelitis immunology, Immunoglobulin G pharmacology, Motor Neurons metabolism, Muscle Rigidity immunology, Receptors, Glycine metabolism
- Abstract
Aims: Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM) is a life-threatening condition often associated with highly raised serum antibodies to glycine receptors (GlyRs); these bind to the surface of large neurons and interneurons in rodent brain and spinal cord sections and, in vitro, inhibit function and reduce surface expression of the GlyRs. The effects in vivo have not been reported., Methods: Purified plasma IgG from a GlyR antibody-positive patient with PERM, and a healthy control (HC), was injected daily into the peritoneal cavity of mice for 12 days; lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to open the blood-brain barrier, was injected on days 3 and 8. Based on preliminary data, behavioural tests were only performed 48 h post-LPS on days 5-7 and 10-12., Results: The GlyR IgG injected mice showed impaired ability on the rotarod from days 5 to 10 but this normalized by day 12. There were no other behavioural differences but, at termination (d13), the GlyR IgG-injected mice had IgG deposits on the neurons that express GlyRs in the brainstem and spinal cord. The IgG was not only on the surface but also inside these large GlyR expressing neurons, which continued to express surface GlyR., Conclusions: Despite the partial clinical phenotype, not uncommon in passive transfer studies, the results suggest that the antibodies had accessed the GlyRs in relevant brain regions, led to antibody-mediated internalization and increased GlyR synthesis, compatible with the temporary loss of function., (© 2020 The Authors. Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Neuropathological Society.)
- Published
- 2021
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10. Parkinsonian Syndrome with Frontal Lobe Involvement and Anti-Glycine Receptor Antibodies.
- Author
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Endres D, Prüss H, Rijntjes M, Schweizer T, Werden R, Nickel K, Meixensberger S, Runge K, Urbach H, Domschke K, Meyer PT, and Tebartz van Elst L
- Abstract
Background: Atypical Parkinsonian syndromes with prominent frontal lobe involvement can occur in the 4R-taupathies progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal degeneration (CBD). Secondary forms of movement disorders may occur in the context of autoimmune encephalitis with antineuronal antibodies, such as anti-glycine receptor (anti-GlyR) antibodies, which are typically associated with Stiff-Person spectrum syndrome, or progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus. Overlaps between neurodegenerative and immunological mechanisms have been recently suggested in anti-IgLON5 disease. In this case study, the authors describe a patient with a Parkinsonian syndrome with frontal lobe involvement and anti-GlyR antibodies. Case presentation : The patient presented was a 63-year-old female. Her symptoms had begun with insomnia at the age of 60, after which, since the age of 61, increasing personality changes developed, leading to a diagnosis of depression with delusional symptoms. Severe cognitive deficits emerged, along with a left-side accentuated Parkinsonian syndrome with postural instability. The personality changes involved frontal systems. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed low-grade mesencephalon atrophy. [
18 F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) depicted a moderate hypometabolism bilateral frontal and of the midbrain, while [123 I]FPCIT single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) revealed severely reduced dopamine transporter availability in both striata, indicating pronounced nigrostriatal degeneration. In addition, anti-GlyR antibodies were repeatedly found in the serum of the patient (max. titer of 1:640, reference: <1:20). Therefore, an anti-inflammatory treatment with steroids and azathioprine was administered; this resulted in a decrease of antibody titers (to 1:80) but no detectable clinical improvement. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and electroencephalography diagnostics showed inconspicuous findings, and negative CSF anti-GlyR antibody results. Conclusion : The patient presented here was suffering from a complex Parkinsonian syndrome with frontal lobe involvement. Because of the high anti-GlyR antibody titers, the presence of an autoimmune cause of the disorder was discussed. However, since no typical signs of autoimmune anti-GlyR antibody syndrome (e.g., hyperexcitability, anti-GlyR antibodies in CSF, or other inflammatory CSF changes) were detected, the possibility that the anti-GlyR antibodies might have been an unrelated bystander should be considered. Alternatively, the anti-GlyR antibodies might have developed secondarily to neurodegeneration (most likely a 4-repeat tauopathy, PSP or CBD) without exerting overt clinical effects, as in cases of anti-IgLON5 encephalopathy. In this case, such antibodies might also potentially modify the clinical course of classical movement disorders. Further research on the role of antineuronal antibodies in Parkinsonian syndromes is needed.- Published
- 2020
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11. Stiff person spectrum disorders: An illustrative case series of their phenotypic and antibody diversity.
- Author
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Bernardo F, Rebordão L, Rêgo A, Machado S, Passos J, Costa C, Cruz S, Pinto AN, and Santos M
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- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antibody Specificity, Autoantigens immunology, Cognition Disorders etiology, Cognition Disorders immunology, Diarrhea etiology, Diplopia etiology, Fatal Outcome, Gait Disorders, Neurologic etiology, Humans, Immunosuppressive Agents therapeutic use, Immunotherapy, Male, Middle Aged, Muscle Rigidity etiology, Myoclonus etiology, Nerve Tissue Proteins immunology, Neuroimaging, Phenotype, Receptors, Glycine immunology, Seizures etiology, Stiff-Person Syndrome complications, Stiff-Person Syndrome diagnostic imaging, Stiff-Person Syndrome therapy, Transcription Factors immunology, Tremor etiology, Antibody Diversity, Autoantibodies immunology, Stiff-Person Syndrome immunology
- Abstract
Stiff person spectrum disorders (SPSD) are a broad group of immune-mediated disorders. Clinical presentations include classical stiff person syndrome (SPS), focal SPS, and progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM). The most frequently associated antibodies are anti-GAD65, anti-GlyR, anti-amphiphysin, and anti-DPPX. Immunotherapy is the primary treatment modality. We present an illustrative case series of three patients: anti-GlyR antibody-mediated PERM presenting as rapidly progressive dementia; anti-amphiphysin antibody-mediated SPS; and SPS presentation with anti-Zic4 antibodies, spasmodic laryngeal stridor and fluctuating eyelid ptosis. Clinical characteristics, CSF findings, neurophysiological features, adequate immunological assays and a high suspicion index are essential for prompt diagnosis and management., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
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12. SPS: Understanding the complexity.
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El-Abassi R, Soliman MY, Villemarette-Pittman N, and England JD
- Subjects
- Disease Progression, Humans, Phenotype, Prevalence, Prognosis, Stiff-Person Syndrome epidemiology, Stiff-Person Syndrome diagnosis
- Abstract
Introduction: Stiff-person syndrome (SPS), first described in 1956 by Moersch and Woltman, is a progressive autoimmune disorder with core features of chronic fluctuating progressive truncal and limb rigidity and painful muscle spasms leading to gait difficulties, falls and an appearance that resembles tin soldiers. The syndrome is a rare, highly disabling disorder of the central nervous and frequently results in significant disability. Understanding of the etiology, clinical spectrum, diagnostic workup and therapeutic modalities for this painful and disabling disorder has vastly evolved over the past few years with more confidence in classifying and treating the patients. The purpose of this review is to increase the awareness, early detection, and treatment of this disabling disease., Method: PubMed was searched, all date inclusive, using the following phrases: stiff person syndrome,anti-Glutamic acid decarboxylase (Anti-GAD) antibody syndrome, Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM), and Paraneoplastic Stiff Person syndrome. No filters or restrictions were used. A total of 888 articles were identified., Results: The results were narrowed to 190 citations after excluding non-English and duplicate reports. Clinical presentation, laboratory testing, treatment, and prognosis were categorized and summarized., Discussion: In this article we will discuss the epidemiology, presentation and classification. Explain the pathophysiology of SPS and the autoimmune mechanisms involved. Discuss the diagnostic approach and treatments available, as well as, the prognosis and outcome., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
- Published
- 2019
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13. A case report of rigidity and recurrent lower limb myoclonus: progressive encephalomyelitis rigidity and myoclonus syndrome, a chameleon.
- Author
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Degeneffe A, Dagonnier M, D'hondt A, and Elosegi JA
- Subjects
- Antibodies immunology, Brain Diseases diagnosis, Female, Glutamate Decarboxylase immunology, Humans, Lower Extremity, Middle Aged, Encephalomyelitis diagnosis, Muscle Rigidity diagnosis, Myoclonus etiology
- Abstract
Background: Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM) syndrome is a rare neurological condition. Its clinical characteristics include axial and limb muscle rigidity, myoclonus, painful spasms and hyperekplexia. Diagnosis of this disease can be very challenging and optimal long-term treatment is unclear., Case Presentation: We report a case of a 62 year old patient admitted for repetitive myoclonus and rigidity in the lower limbs progressing since 10 years, associated with a fluctuating encephalopathy requiring stays in Intensive Care Unit. Multiple diagnostics and treatment were proposed, unsuccessfully, before the diagnosis of PERM syndrome was established. In association with the clinical presentation, a strong positive result for GAD (glutamic acid decarboxylase) antibodies lead to the diagnosis of PERM syndrome., Conclusions: PERM syndrome is a rare disease and its diagnosis is not easy. Once the diagnosis is established, the correct treatment should follow and could be lifesaving, regardless of a delayed diagnosis. Maintenance of long-term oral corticotherapy is suggested to prevent relapses.
- Published
- 2018
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14. Principles and approaches to the treatment of immune-mediated movement disorders.
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Mohammad SS and Dale RC
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- Child, Humans, Immune System Diseases complications, Immune System Diseases therapy, Movement Disorders immunology, Movement Disorders therapy
- Abstract
Immune mediated movement disorders include movement disorders in the context of autoimmune encephalitis such as anti-NMDAR encephalitis, post-infectious autoimmune movement disorders such as Sydenham chorea, paraneoplastic autoimmune movement disorders such as opsoclonus myoclonus ataxia syndrome, and infection triggered conditions such as paediatric acute neuropsychiatric syndrome. This review focuses on the approach to treatment of immune mediated movement disorders, which requires an understanding of the immunopathogenesis, whether the disease is destructive or 'altering', and the natural history of disease. Factors that can influence outcome include the severity of disease, the delay before starting therapy, use of multimodal therapy and whether the course is monophasic or relapsing. Although the four main conditions listed above have different pathophysiological processes, there are general themes that broadly apply including: early diagnosis and treatment is better, minimise the severity of disease, escalate treatment if the patient is not responding to initial treatments, and minimise relapse., (Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
- Published
- 2018
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15. Metabolomic analysis of amino acids and lipids in human hair altered by dyeing, perming and bleaching.
- Author
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Joo KM, Kim AR, Kim SN, Kim BM, Lee HK, Bae S, Lee JH, and Lim KM
- Subjects
- Hair chemistry, Hair metabolism, Humans, Metabolomics, Amino Acids analysis, Hair drug effects, Hair Bleaching Agents pharmacology, Hair Dyes pharmacology, Lipids analysis
- Published
- 2016
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16. Autoimmune movement disorders.
- Author
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Mckeon A and Vincent A
- Subjects
- Autoantibodies metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 immunology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 therapy, Humans, Immunotherapy methods, Movement Disorders immunology, Movement Disorders therapy, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 complications, Movement Disorders complications
- Abstract
Autoimmune movement disorders encapsulate a large and diverse group of neurologic disorders occurring either in isolation or accompanying more diffuse autoimmune encephalitic illnesses. The full range of movement phenomena has been described and, as they often occur in adults, many of the presentations can mimic neurodegenerative disorders, such as Huntington disease. Disorders may be ataxic, hypokinetic (parkinsonism), or hyperkinetic (myoclonus, chorea, tics, and other dyskinetic disorders). The autoantibody targets are diverse and include neuronal surface proteins such as leucine-rich, glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) and glycine receptors, as well as antibodies (such as intracellular antigens) that are markers of a central nervous system process mediated by CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. However, there are two conditions, stiff-person syndrome (also known as stiff-man syndrome) and progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM), that are always autoimmune movement disorders. In some instances (such as Purkinje cell cytoplasmic antibody-1 (PCA-1) autoimmunity), antibodies detected in serum and cerebrospinal fluid can be indicative of a paraneoplastic cause, and may direct the cancer search. In other instances (such as 65kDa isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) autoimmunity), a paraneoplastic cause is very unlikely, and early treatment with immunotherapy may promote improvement or recovery. Here we describe the different types of movement disorder and the clinical features and antibodies associated with them, and discuss treatment., (© 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2016
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17. Glycine receptor antibodies and progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus with predominant motor neuron degeneration--Expanding the clinical spectrum.
- Author
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Kenda J, Švigelj V, Rodi Z, Koritnik B, Graus F, and Kojović M
- Subjects
- Aged, Humans, Male, Myoclonus immunology, Antibodies blood, Encephalomyelitis blood, Encephalomyelitis complications, Muscle Rigidity blood, Muscle Rigidity complications, Myoclonus complications, Receptors, Glycine immunology
- Published
- 2015
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