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One anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) has gained popularity and it is currently the third most frequently performed bariatric procedure worldwide. A marginal ulcer (MU) at the anastomosis site between the gastric pouch and the small intestine is a common complication of gastric bypass procedures but a rare complication of OAGB. Risk factors for MUs include cigarette smoking, alcohol misuse, and Helicobacter pylori infection. MU symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting; however, some patients are asymptomatic. MU perforations are repaired as follows: laparoscopy with or without ulcer debridement, omental patch closure, conversion into Y gastric bypass, or reoperation. This report describes MU perforations in two patients after OAGB., Competing Interests: None declared., (Published by Oxford University Press and JSCR Publishing Ltd. © The Author(s) 2025.)

Background: Poststreptococcal reactive arthritis (PSReA) is a recognized inflammatory articular syndrome that follows group A streptococcal infection in persons not fulfilling the Jones criteria for the diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever. Characteristic features include nonmigratory arthritis, lack of response to aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, and the presence of extra-articular manifestations, including vasculitis and glomerulonephritis. Whether or not patients with PSReA develop carditis is a point of contention., Methods: We analyzed the clinical features, laboratory findings, response to therapy, and outcome in patients diagnosed with PSReA between 1983 and 1998 and observed through April 2000. All patients were contacted, reexamined, and repeat antistreptolysin, rheumatoid factor, C3 and C4 complement components, and echocardiograms were performed., Results: Seventeen patients (4 men and 13 women) were included. All were of low socioeconomic status. All patients had acute severe arthritis that began shortly after a sore throat episode. Extra-articular involvement including tenosynovitis, vasculitis, and glomerulonephritis was relatively common. More importantly, none exhibited clinical and/or echocardiographic evidence of cardiac involvement. Longterm antibiotic therapy was not given., Conclusion: Cardiac involvement did not occur in this group of patients with PSReA. Prolonged prophylactic antibiotic therapy may not be required for adult patients presenting with PSReA.

The Campanha de Erradicacão da Varéola (CEV) was established in 1966 by the Brazilian Ministry of Health to eradicate smallpox. By October 1970 more than 75 million people had been vaccinated through this programme of systematic vaccination. In the 12 states where the attack phase had been completed by June 1969, there was an 80% decrease in reported cases in 1969 compared with the previous year. This decline in incidence contrasts sharply with the 99% increase in cases recorded in the other 15 states due to the increased level of surveillance.In 1969, 74% of cases occurred in persons under 15 years of age, while almost 93% of the persons infected were less than 30 years of age. The annual case-fatality rate, which has varied from 0.5% to 3.3% since 1956, indicates the disease to be variola minor. This has been confirmed by laboratory study.Careful investigation of reported cases has shown that in past years case reporting has been at a very low level, about 2.5% of the actual incidence.Data from epidemiological investigations of 22 outbreaks comprising more than 2000 cases and contacts indicate that the efficacy of smallpox vaccination was approximately 94%.