10 results on '"Paiz, Laís Moraes"'
Search Results
2. Rabies virus and Histoplasma suramericanum coinfection in a bat from southeastern Brazil.
- Author
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Menozzi BD, da Paz GS, Paiz LM, Garces HG, Adorno BMV, Almeida-Silva F, Zancope Oliveira RM, Richini-Pereira VB, Chechi JL, Bagagli E, Bosco SMG, and Langoni H
- Subjects
- Animals, Brazil epidemiology, Histoplasma genetics, Histoplasmosis epidemiology, Histoplasmosis microbiology, Phylogeny, Population Surveillance, Rabies epidemiology, Rabies virology, Rabies virus genetics, Chiroptera parasitology, Chiroptera virology, Histoplasma isolation & purification, Histoplasmosis veterinary, Rabies veterinary, Rabies virus isolation & purification
- Abstract
Bats are essential to the global ecosystem, but their ability to harbour a range of pathogens has been widely discussed, as well as their role in the emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases. This paper describes the first report of coinfection by two zoonotic agents, rabies virus (RABV) and the fungus Histoplasma suramericanum in a bat. The bat was from the Molossus molossus species, and it was found during the daytime in the hallway of a public psychiatric hospital in a municipality in São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil. RABV infection was diagnosed by the direct fluorescent antibody test and mouse inoculation test. The fungus was isolated by in vitro culture. Both diagnoses were confirmed by molecular techniques. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the fungus isolate had proximity to H. suramericanum in the Lam B clade, while the RABV isolate was characterized in the Lasiurus cinereus lineage. Since the M. molossus bat was found in a peri-urban transition area (urban/peri-urban), the possibility of cross-species transmission of this RABV lineage becomes more plausible, considering that this scenario may provide shelter for both M. molossus and L. cinereus. These are relevant findings since there has been an increase in bat populations in urban and peri-urban areas, particularly due to environmental modifications and anthropogenic impacts on their habitat. Thus, the detection of two zoonotic agents in a bat found in a public hospital should raise awareness regarding the importance of systematic surveillance actions directed towards bats in urban areas., (© 2019 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.)
- Published
- 2020
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3. Antibodies and Molecular Detection of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum in Samples of Free-Ranging Marmosets (Primates: Callitrichidae: Callithrix spp.) in an Area of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis in Southeastern Brazil.
- Author
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Paiz LM, Motoie G, Richini-Pereira VB, Langoni H, Menozzi BD, Tolezano JE, and Donalisio MR
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- Animals, Antibodies, Protozoan blood, Brazil epidemiology, Callithrix blood, Disease Reservoirs veterinary, Dog Diseases epidemiology, Dogs, Leishmania infantum genetics, Leishmania infantum immunology, Leishmaniasis, Visceral epidemiology, Monkey Diseases blood, Monkey Diseases epidemiology, Zoonoses, Callithrix parasitology, Dog Diseases parasitology, Leishmania infantum isolation & purification, Leishmaniasis, Visceral veterinary, Monkey Diseases parasitology
- Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne parasitic protozoan infection that affects mammals and involves a complex epidemiology. Although dogs are considered the main reservoir in zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (VL), the possible presence of other mammalian species acting as reservoirs has been associated as a possible cause of lack of success in the control of human VL in many endemic areas. The knowledge about natural infections of some species is still scarce, such as nonhuman primates (NHP), especially from the genus Callithrix (marmosets). We investigated the infection by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum, the agent of VL in the Americas, in 26 marmosets captured monthly, from April 2014 to March 2015, in an environmentally protected area (EPA) in Southeastern Brazil. The EPA has undergone significant environmental changes and has a transmission focus of canine VL since 2009. Serology was performed through the direct agglutination test, which detected low antibody titers in seven marmosets (7/26; 26.9%, 95% confidence interval 9.9-44.0), being five Callithrix penicillata (black-tufted-ear marmoset) and two Callithrix jacchus (white-tufted-ear marmoset). The presence of the DNA of Leishmania was investigated in blood and skin samples by PCR and genetic sequencing. This is the first report of the detection of L. (L.) infantum in the skin of a marmoset, which was verified in a sample from one C. penicillata. The results demonstrate the natural infection of marmosets by L. (L.) infantum and may suggest the participation of these animals as hosts in the parasite's transmission cycle in the EPA. However, more comprehensive studies are needed to elucidate their role on the VL epidemiology in this area and also in different endemic areas, especially because these NHP are increasingly in contact with humans and domestic animals, particularly due to environmental changes.
- Published
- 2019
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4. Molecular detection of Histoplasma capsulatum in insectivorous and frugivorous bats in Southeastern Brazil.
- Author
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Dos Santos B, Langoni H, da Silva RC, Menozzi BD, Bosco SMG, Paiz LM, Augusto LCR, and Richini-Pereira VB
- Subjects
- Animals, Brazil, Cities, Cross-Sectional Studies, DNA, Fungal genetics, DNA, Ribosomal genetics, Histoplasma genetics, Histoplasmosis microbiology, Lung microbiology, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Chiroptera microbiology, Histoplasma isolation & purification, Histoplasmosis veterinary
- Abstract
Bats are considered to play a significant role in the epidemiology of histoplasmosis, worldwide. We investigated the occurrence of H. capsulatum in lung samples from 89 bats, from urban areas in Southeastern Brazil, using nested PCR based on ribosomal DNA. Fungal DNA was detected in 31/89 samples (34.8%), of which 13/31 were Molossids (41.9%), 4/31 Eumops spp. (12.9%), 2/31 Artibeus lituratus (6.5%), and 12/31 others (38.7%). This is the first report of natural infection by H. capsulatum in A. lituratus in Southeastern Brazil, which reinforces the importance of these synanthropic animals in the epidemiology of histoplasmosis in urban areas.
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- 2018
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5. Visceral leishmaniasis in an environmentally protected area in southeastern Brazil: Epidemiological and laboratory cross-sectional investigation of phlebotomine fauna, wild hosts and canine cases.
- Author
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Donalisio MR, Paiz LM, da Silva VG, Richini-Pereira VB, von Zuben APB, Castagna CL, Motoie G, Hiramoto RM, and Tolezano JE
- Subjects
- Animals, Brazil epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dogs, Leishmania classification, Leishmaniasis, Visceral epidemiology, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Animals, Wild parasitology, Insect Vectors parasitology, Leishmania isolation & purification, Leishmaniasis, Visceral veterinary, Psychodidae parasitology, Zoonoses epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: Leishmaniasis is a rapidly expanding zoonosis that shows increasing urbanization. Concern exists regarding the role of wildlife in visceral leishmaniasis (VL) transmission, due to frequent natural or anthropogenic environmental changes that facilitate contact between wildlife, humans and their pets. The municipality of Campinas, in southeastern Brazil, initially recorded VL in 2009, when the first autochthonous case was confirmed in a dog living in an upscale residential condominium, located inside an environmentally protected area (EPA). Since then, disease transmission remains restricted to dogs inhabiting two geographically contiguous condominiums within the EPA., Methodology/principal Findings: We conducted a cross-sectional study of the VL focus to investigate Leishmania spp. infection in domestic dogs, wild mammals and sand flies using molecular tools and recommended serological techniques. Canine seroprevalences of 1.5% and 1.2% were observed in 2013 and 2015, respectively. Six insect species, confirmed or suspected vectors or potential transmitters of Leishmania, were identified. Two specimens of the main L. (L.) infantum vector in Brazil, Lutzomyia longipalpis, were captured in the EPA. Natural infection by L. (L.) infantum was recorded in one Expapillata firmatoi specimen and two Pintomyia monticola. Natural infection by L. (L.) infantum and Leishmania subgenus Viannia was also detected in two white-eared opossums (Didelphis albiventris), a known reservoir of VL. Geographical coordinates of each sampling of infected animals were plotted on a map of the EPA, demonstrating proximity between these animals, human residences, including the dogs positive for VL, and forest areas., Conclusions/significance: The EPA, which is inhabited by humans, has an active VL focus. The risk of establishing and maintaining disease transmission foci in similar scenarios, i.e. wild areas that undergo environmental modifications, is evident. Moreover, different epidemiological profiles of VL must be included to elaborate prevention and control measures that consider the particularities of each transmission area.
- Published
- 2017
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6. Antigenic and genotypic characterization of rabies virus isolated from bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from municipalities in São Paulo State, Southeastern Brazil.
- Author
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Menozzi BD, de Novaes Oliveira R, Paiz LM, Richini-Pereira VB, and Langoni H
- Subjects
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Antibodies, Monoclonal immunology, Base Sequence, Brazil, Central Nervous System virology, Chiroptera classification, DNA, Viral genetics, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct, Rabies diagnosis, Rabies virology, Rabies virus isolation & purification, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Sequence Homology, Antigens, Viral immunology, Chiroptera virology, Nucleocapsid Proteins genetics, Rabies virus genetics, Rabies virus immunology
- Abstract
Bats have aroused growing attention in the public health sphere because they are considered the main reservoir of rabies virus (RABV) in the Americas, in places where canine rabies is under control. Antigenic and genetic studies of RABV isolates have been used to describe the epidemiological profile of rabies and to identify possible hosts/reservoirs for different epidemiological cycles. This study describes the antigenic and genotypic characterization of 19 RABV isolates from central nervous system samples of non-hematophagous bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera). These bats were diagnosed as RABV positive by direct fluorescent antibody and mouse inoculation tests. Antigenic characterization using a panel of eight monoclonal antibodies revealed that 7 of 19 RABV isolates from these bats belonged to variant 3, for which the hematophagous bat species Desmodus rotundus is the main reservoir, and 1 of 19 RABV isolates from an insectivorous bat belonged to variant 4, which is characteristic of these bats. The remaining 11 RABV samples were divided into six non-compatible profiles. The isolates were subjected to reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for the N gene and partially sequenced. Genetic characterization of these isolates was performed by grouping the sequences obtained with known RABV lineages. The sequences were grouped in clusters by the phylogenetic inference neighbor-joining method, together with another 89 homologous sequences obtained from GenBank. This analysis grouped the isolates into four known lineages: Nyctinomops Brazil, Myotis Brazil, Eptesicus Brazil and D. rotundus Brazil, as well as another cluster that may define a RABV lineage not yet characterized, here named Myotis Brazil II, for which bats of the genus Myotis apparently act as reservoirs. This assumption of a new lineage is also based on the observation of amino acid substitutions, with an average intraspecific identity of 99.8%, varying from 99.6 to 100.0% for nucleotides and 100.0% for amino acids.
- Published
- 2017
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7. Infection by Leishmania spp. in Free-Ranging Opossums (Didelphis albiventris) in an Environmentally Protected Area Inhabited by Humans in Southeastern Brazil.
- Author
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Paiz LM, Donalisio MR, Richini-Pereira VB, Motoie G, Castagna CL, and Tolezano JE
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- Animals, Animals, Wild, Brazil epidemiology, Conservation of Natural Resources, Humans, Leishmaniasis, Visceral epidemiology, Leishmaniasis, Visceral parasitology, Zoonoses, Didelphis, Leishmaniasis, Visceral veterinary
- Abstract
There is a growing concern about the participation of wild hosts and reservoirs in the epidemiology of leishmaniasis, particularly within the context of increasingly frequent environmental changes and the expansion of the One Health concept. This work is a molecular research of infection by Leishmania spp. among the wildlife of an environmentally protected area located in the municipality of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. The studied area has a history of intense environmental changes, with notifications of human cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the 1990s, and a focus of canine visceral leishmaniasis since 2009. Eighty-two wild mammals were sampled by monthly captures in this region over a 1-year period. Blood samples were collected from each animal and subjected to DNA extraction and PCR using primers for the region of the internal transcribed spacer-1. The results of gene sequencing for the first time revealed the infection of opossums (Didelphis albiventris) by Leishmania spp., subgenera Leishmania and Viannia, in Campinas. These findings, in addition to environmental and historical characteristics of the studied area, indicate a possible role of wildlife in the introduction and/or maintenance of natural foci of leishmaniasis transmission.
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- 2016
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8. Serological Evidence of Infection by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum (Synonym: Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi) in Free-Ranging Wild Mammals in a Nonendemic Region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil.
- Author
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Paiz LM, Fornazari F, Menozzi BD, Oliveira GC, Coiro CJ, Teixeira CR, da Silva VM, Donalisio MR, and Langoni H
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- Animals, Animals, Wild, Brazil epidemiology, Disease Reservoirs veterinary, Hemagglutination Tests, Leishmania infantum immunology, Leishmaniasis, Visceral diagnosis, Leishmaniasis, Visceral epidemiology, Antibodies, Protozoan blood, Leishmania infantum isolation & purification, Leishmaniasis, Visceral veterinary, Mammals parasitology
- Abstract
Concerns about the interface between wildlife, domestic animals, and humans in the transmission of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) have been growing due to natural or anthropogenic environmental changes. In this context, investigations of the infection in wild mammals are important to assess their exposure to the vector and the parasite. A study of anti-Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum antibodies was carried out using the direct agglutination test (DAT) on 528 free-ranging wild mammals of 38 species from the region of Botucatu, state of São Paulo, Brazil, a municipality that has no records of the vector or of human or canine autochthony. Antibodies were detected, with a cutoff of 1:320, in 9/528 (1.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.6-2.8%) mammals of the species Callithrix jacchus, Lepus europaeus, Sphiggurus villosus, Nasua nasua, Eira barbara, and Galictis cuja, with high titers (≥1280) for the last three. These three are little-studied species, and previous records of the detection of anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies in Brazil exist only for coatis (N. nasua), whereas worldwide, infection by L. (L.) infantum has been confirmed only in hares (Le. europaeus). On the other hand, opossums and canids, the species most commonly reported to be naturally infected by L. (L.) infantum, were not seropositive. Fifty-eight (58/528; 10.9%) mammals were found to have antibody titers ranging from 20 to 160 and were not included among the seropositive animals due to the adopted cutoff. However, the possibility of infection in these animals should not be discarded, because there is no standard cutoff point for the different wild species. Our findings indicate the need for investigations into the exact role of the seropositive species in the epidemiology of VL and for effective epidemiological surveillance to prevent its expansion, because even in regions where there are no records of canine or human autochthonous cases, there may be parasite circulation among wild mammals.
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- 2015
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9. Antibodies to Leishmania spp. in domestic felines.
- Author
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Oliveira GC, Paiz LM, Menozzi BD, Lima Mde S, de Moraes CC, and Langoni H
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- Animals, Brazil, Cat Diseases parasitology, Cats, Cities, Dog Diseases immunology, Dog Diseases parasitology, Dogs, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect veterinary, Humans, Leishmania infantum immunology, Leishmaniasis, Visceral immunology, Psychodidae parasitology, Antibodies, Protozoan blood, Cat Diseases immunology, Leishmania immunology, Leishmaniasis, Visceral veterinary
- Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne zoonotic disease caused by protozoa in the genus Leishmania, typical of rural and peri-urban environments. The causative agent of American visceral leishmaniasis is Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi and the main insect vector in Brazil is Lutzomyia longipalpis. Dogs (Canis familiaris) are important in the transmission of the disease, as a reservoir closely related to humans and an infection source for phlebotomine vectors. Since 1990, an increasing number of feline leishmaniasis cases have been reported, suggesting that domestic cats (Felis catus) might be involved in the epidemiology of the disease. The present study analyzed the prevalence of anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies in naturally infected domestic cats from various neighborhoods in the municipality of Belém, Pará, Brazil, using the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and the direct agglutination test (DAT). Among the 443 samples tested, 18 (4.06%) presented positive reactions in the IFA. The observed titers were 40 IU in 4.97% of the samples and 80 IU in 0.90%. In the DAT test, positive results were found in 25 (5.64%) of the samples. The observed titers were also 40 IU (4.97%) and 80 IU (0.68%). The agreement rate between the two tests was considered low (Kappa coefficient = 0.10).
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- 2015
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10. Antibodies to Neospora caninum in sheep from slaughterhouses in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.
- Author
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Paiz LM, da Silva RC, Menozzi BD, and Langoni H
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- Abattoirs, Animals, Brazil, Coccidiosis blood, Female, Male, Sheep, Antibodies, Protozoan blood, Coccidiosis veterinary, Neospora immunology, Sheep Diseases blood, Sheep Diseases parasitology
- Abstract
Neosporosis is an emergent disease responsible for considerable economic impact due to reproductive losses. Its zoonotic potential remains unknown. This study involved a survey of antibodies to Neospora caninum in slaughtered sheep and their association with epidemiological variables. Serum samples from 596 sheep from the states of São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, were collected in two slaughterhouses located in São Paulo and evaluated by indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT), using cut-off titers of 25. Among these samples, 353/596 (59.23%; 95%CI 55.23-63.10) were positive and 263/353 (74.50%; 95%CI 69.71-78.77%) were from Rio Grande do Sul. Statistical associations were determined in the univariate analysis between the serological results and sex, breed and municipality of origin. Sheep that came from extensive breeding system showed higher chance (OR=2.09) of presenting antibodies to N. caninum in relation to those from semi-intensive system. Higher chance was also observed for the different studied breeds, except Bergamácia, in relation to Hampshire Down. The results revealed the presence of infection by N. caninum in sheep from slaughterhouses.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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