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Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Mung bean coat has long been known for its wide-ranging health benefits, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulatory properties. For many years in China, mung beans have been employed in the therapeutic management of inflammation induced by pathogenic bacteria infection, yet the precise underlying protective mechanisms remain to be comprehensively elucidated., Aim of the Study: Given the growing concern over antibiotic resistance, there is a necessity to explore new anti-infective agents. Here, the anti-infective properties of Mung bean coat extract (MBCE) were investigated using a model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected nematodes., Materials and Methods: The protective effects of MBCE on Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA14) infected nematodes were assessed by lifespan assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, transcriptomics, and Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR)., Results: MBCE significantly improved the survival rates and reduced ROS levels in infected worms. Transcriptomic profiling disclosed predominant KEGG pathway enrichments in immune responses, energy metabolism processes such as oxidative phosphorylation and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, alongside aging-related neurodegenerative diseases and longevity regulatory pathways like PI3K-AKT, MAPK, mTOR, and FOXO. qRT-PCR validation showed that MBCE upregulated antimicrobial peptides (spp-3, lys-1, lys-7, abf-2, cnc-2, nlp-33, clec-85), gram-negative responses (irg-3, src-2, grd-3, col-179), and mitochondrial function (mev-1) gene expressions, while downregulated insulin signaling-related (age-1, akt-1, akt-2, daf-15) gene expressions. Mutant strains lifespan analysis indicated that the nsy-1, sek-1, pmk-1, daf-2, aak-2, sir-2.1, and skn-1 were necessary for lifespan extension mediated by MBCE under PA14 infection, but not clk-1, isp-1, mev-1, or daf-16., Conclusion: Collectively, our findings suggested that MBCE increased the survival rates of PA14-infected worms by activating downstream antimicrobial and antioxidant gene expressions through modulation of MAPK, daf-2, aak-2, sir-2.1, and skn-1 pathways. The research underscored the potential of natural plant compounds to strengthen the body's defenses against infections, potentially mitigating harmful ROS levels and improving survival. Additionally, these findings elucidated the mechanisms by which these plant-derived compounds enhance the immune system, implying their potential utility as dietary supplements or as an alternative to conventional antibiotics., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest All authors have declared that there are no competing financial and personal interests., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The farming pattern of crayfish significantly impacts their quality, safety, and nutrition. Typically, green and ecologically friendly products command higher economic value and market competitiveness. Consequently, intensive farming methods are frequently employed in an attempt to replace these environmentally friendly products, leading to potential instances of commercial fraud. In this study, stable isotope and multi-element analysis were utilized in conjunction with multivariate modeling to differentiate between pond-intensive, paddy-ecologically, and free-range cultured crayfish. The four stable isotope ratios of carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen (δ 13 C, δ 15 N, δ 2 H, δ 18 O) and 20 elements from 88 crayfish samples and their feeds were determined for variance analysis and correlation analysis. To identify and differentiate three different farming pattern crayfish, unsupervised methods such as hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used, as well as supervised multivariate modeling, specifically partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The HCA and PCA exhibited limited effectiveness in classifying the farming pattern of crayfish, whereas the PLS-DA demonstrated a more robust performance with a predictive accuracy of 90.8%. Additionally, variables such as δ 13 C, δ 15 N, δ 2 H, Mn, and Co exhibited relatively higher contributions in the PLS-DA model, with a variable influence on projection (VIP) greater than 1. This study is the first attempt to use stable isotope and multi-element analysis to distinguish crayfish under three farming patterns. It holds promising potential as an effective strategy for crayfish authentication.

Herein, a dual-emission Eu metal-organic framework (Eu-MOF) is prepared and used as the ratiometric fluorescence probe for ultrasensitive detection of aminoglycoside antibiotics (AGs). Due to the strong hydrogen bond interactions between AGs and Eu-MOF, the blue emission is enhanced while the red emission has little fluctuation in Eu-MOF with the addition of AGs, thus a good linear relationship with the logarithm of AGs concentrations from 0.001 to 100 μg/mL can be established for quantitative analysis. Good sensitivity with the detection limit of 0.33 ng/mL for apramycin, 0.32 ng/mL for amikacin and 0.30 ng/mL for kanamycin is achieved. The proposed assay demonstrates good selectivity and applicability for determination of AGs in real milk and honey samples. The Eu-MOF materials are further fabricated as fluorescent test papers for facile visual detection. The as-established ratio fluorescence platform offers a portable and economical way for rapid monitoring AGs residues in complex food samples., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

A novel co-bonded octyl and pyridine silica (OPS) sorbent was prepared and applied for the solid phase extraction (SPE) of cyclopiazonic acid (CPA, a type of mycotoxin) in feed and agricultural products for the first time. A simple mixed-ligand one-pot reaction strategy was employed for OPS sorbent preparation. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements, elemental analysis (EI), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis demonstrated the successful immobilization of octyl and quaternary ammonium groups onto the surface of silica gel. The large specific surface area, high-density functional groups, and mixed-mode anion-exchange characteristics of these silica particles made them the ideal material for the efficient extraction of CPA. Additionally, the OPS sorbents displayed excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility, satisfactory reusability, and low cost. The SPE parameters were optimized to explore the ionic and hydrophobic interactions between CPA and the functional groups, and the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) parameters were optimized to obtain a desirable extraction efficiency and high sensitivity to CPA. Meanwhile, the OPS sorbent presented a satisfactory extraction selectivity and low matrix effect. Under the optimized conditions, our developed CPA detection method was used to determine CPA level in rice, wheat flour, corn flour, peanut, and feed samples, exhibiting a lower detection limit, better linearity, higher sensitivity, and satisfactory extraction recovery rate than previously reported methods. Therefore, our method can be preferentially used as a method for the detection of CPA in agricultural products and feeds.

The industrialization of animal agriculture has undoubtedly contributed to the improvement of human well-being by increasing the efficiency of food animal production. At the same time, it has also drastically impacted the natural environment and human society. The One Health initiative emphasizes the interdependency of the health of ecosystems, animals, and humans. In this paper, we discuss some of the most profound consequences of animal agriculture practices from a One Health perspective. More specifically, we focus on impacts to host-microbe interactions by elaborating on how modern animal agriculture affects zoonotic infections, specifically those of bacterial origin, and the concomitant emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). A key question underlying these deeply interconnected issues is how to better prevent, monitor, and manage infections in animal agriculture. To address this, we outline approaches to mitigate the impacts of agricultural bacterial zoonoses and AMR, including the development of novel treatments as well as non-drug approaches comprising integrated surveillance programs and policy and education regarding agricultural practices and antimicrobial stewardship. Finally, we touch upon additional major environmental and health factors impacted by animal agriculture within the One Health context, including animal welfare, food security, food safety, and climate change. Charting how these issues are interwoven to comprise the complex web of animal agriculture's broad impacts on One Health will allow for the development of concerted, multidisciplinary interventions which are truly necessary to tackle these issues from a One Health perspective., Competing Interests: None., (© 2024 The Author(s).)

Lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) are commonly occurring heavy metals in the environment and produce detrimental impacts on the central nervous system. Although they have both been indicated to exhibit neurotoxic properties, it is not known if they have joint effects, and their mechanisms of action are likewise unknown. In this study, zebrafish were exposed to different concentrations of Pb (40 μg/L, 4 mg/L), As (32 μg/L, 3.2 mg/L) and their combinations (40 μg/L + 32 μg/L, 4 mg/L + 3.2 mg/L) for 30 days. The histopathological analyses showed significant brain damage characterized by glial scar formation and ventricular enlargement in all exposed groups. In addition, either Pb or As staining inhibited the swimming speed of zebrafish, which was enhanced by their high concentrations in a mixture. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we examined changes in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, neurotransmitter (dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine) levels, HPI axis-related hormone (cortisol and epinephrine) contents and neurodevelopment-related gene expression in zebrafish brain. The observations suggest that combined exposure to Pb and As can cause abnormalities in swimming behavior and ultimately exacerbate neurotoxicity in zebrafish by interfering with the cholinergic system, dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine signaling, HPI axis function as well as neuronal development. This study provides an important theoretical basis for the mixed exposure of heavy metals and their toxicity to aquatic organisms.

In this study, naphthalene-modified magnetic nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 @Nap) were simply prepared based on specific chelation interaction between phosphate groups and metal ions on Fe 3 O 4 surface. The resultant Fe 3 O 4 @Nap were characterized by FTIR, BET, SEM, TEM, NAM, TGA, and VSM techniques. With Fe 3 O 4 @Nap as adsorbent, the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were efficiently extracted by magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) from environmental water and fish samples through the π-π interaction between modified naphthalene groups and PAHs, followed by their determination by GC-MS/MS. The key parameters influencing the extraction efficiency were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the Fe 3 O 4 @Nap-based MSPE/GC-MS/MS method proposed in this paper was evaluated and applied for analyzing PAHs in environmental water and fish samples. And the proposed MSPE/GC-MS/MS method exhibited good linearities for water samples (in the range of 0.1-10 ng/mL, R 2 >0.9945) and for fish samples (in the range of 1-100 ng/g, R 2 > 0.9905). The limits of detection (LODs) for water and fish samples were 0.004-0.031 ng/mL and 0.07-0.28 ng/g, respectively. Additionally, this method exhibited desirable accuracy and precision. The PAH recovery values from water and fish samples ranged from 81.5% to 109.6% with inter- and intra-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) of less than 12.8%. The MSPE/GC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to the analysis of real environmental water and fish samples. Overall, the newly synthesized Fe 3 O 4 @Nap exhibited high sensitivity, specificity, reusability, repeatability, and it could efficiently extract PAHs from environmental water and fish samples by MSPE., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Molecularly imprinted polymers with methylammonium lead halide perovskite quantum dots (MIP@MAPbBr 3 PQDs) have been prepared and applied to the determination of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) for the first time. The photoluminescence (PL) of MIP@MAPbBr 3 PQDs was enhanced due to the surface passivation of defects by BaP. PL excitation and emission spectra, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, and time-resolved PL studies suggest that the interaction between MIP@MAPbBr 3 PQDs and BaP is a dynamic process. After MIP@MAPbBr 3 PQDs were incubated with BaP, the benzene ring in the molecular structure of BaP can interact with MIP@MAPbBr 3 PQDs through π electrons, which reduces non-radiative recombination of MIP@MAPbBr 3 PQDs and lengthens excited state lifetime. The PL intensity of the MIP@MAPbBr 3 PQDs-BaP system was monitored at 520 nm with 375 nm excitation. Under optimized conditions, the PL intensity of MIP@MAPbBr 3 PQDs is linear with the concentration of BaP in the 10 to 100 ng·mL -1 range, with a detection limit of 1.6 ng·mL -1 . The imprinting factor was 3.9, indicating excellent specificity of MIP@MAPbBr 3 PQDs for BaP. The MIP@MAPbBr 3 PQDs were subsequently applied to the PL analysis of BaP in sunflower seed oil, cured meat, and grilled fish samples, achieving recoveries from 79.3 to 107%, and relative standard deviations below 10%. This molecularly imprinted fluorescence assay improves the selectivity of BaP in complex mixtures and could be extended to other analytes., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.)

Lotus roots are widely consumed vegetables because of their great taste and abundant nutrients, but their quality varies with the environments and cultivar. This study systematically compared farinose (Elian No. 5) and crisp (Elian No. 6) lotus root cultivars from three geographical origins. Pasting and texture characteristics verified that Elian No. 5 possessed lower hardness and lower ability to withstand shear stress and heating during cooking compared with Elian No. 6. Untargeted metabolite profiling was first performed using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) combined with a Zeno trap. In total, 188 metabolites were identified based on the matching chemistry database. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that lotus roots from different cultivars and origins could be adequately distinguished. Sixty-one differential metabolites were identified among three Elian No. 5 samples, and 28 were identified among three Elian No. 6 samples. Isoscopoletin, scopoletin, and paprazine were the most differential metabolites between Elian No. 5 and Elian No. 6. These results can inform future research on the discrimination and utilization of lotus roots.

A simple and sensitive method combining solid-phase extraction (SPE) and high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) was developed for the determination of benzo[ a ]pyrene (BaP) in fish. Loofah sponge (LS) was carbonized and used as an SPE adsorbent. Carbonization decreased the polarity of LS and enhanced its aromaticity. Carbonized loofah sponge (CLS) could capture BaP better through π-π interaction. The carbonization temperature and the SPE conditions were optimized. The linear range of the developed method was within 10-1000 ng g -1 with a satisfactory correlation coefficient ( R 2 ) of 0.9999. The limit of detection (LOD) was 2.0 ng g -1 , which was below the maximum residue limit (5 μg kg -1 ) in meat set by the European Union. The method showed good intra-day and inter-day precision with relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranging from 0.4% to 1.7%. Finally, the developed method was applied to the determination of BaP in fish samples. This method is low-cost and environmentally friendly with natural and renewable LS as raw material and it provides an alternative approach for the efficient and simple determination of BaP in aquatic products.

The aim of this study was to explore the underlying mechanism of adverse effects caused by tebuconazole (TEB) on the reproduction of aquatic organisms In the present study, in order to explore the effects of TEB on reproduction, four-month-old zebrafish were exposed to TEB (0, DMSO, 0.4 mg/L, 0.8 mg/L, and 1.6 mg/L) for 21 days. After exposure, the accumulations of TEB in gonads were observed and the cumulative egg production was evidently decreased. The decline of fertilization rate in F1 embryos was also observed. Then the changes in sperm motility and histomorphology of gonads were discovered, evaluating that TEB had adverse effects on gonadal development. Additionally, we also found the alternations of social behavior, 17β-estradiol (E2) level, and testosterone (T) level. Furthermore, the expression levels of genes involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and social behavior were remarkably altered. Taken together, it could be concluded that TEB affected the egg production and fertilization rate by interfering with gonadal development, sex hormone secretion, and social behavior, which were eventually attributed to the disruption of the expressions of genes associated with the HPG axis and social behavior. This study provides a new perspective to understanding the mechanism of TEB-induced reproductive toxicity.

In this work, a La 3+ assisted glutathione-capped gold nanoclusters and carbon dots (GSH-Au NCs/CDs) nanoplatform for sensitive detection of fenthion (FEN) is fabricated. The fluorescence response of GSH-Au NCs significantly increases due to aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) effect induced by La 3+ , which is further enhanced with adding FEN due to the coordination between La 3+ and FEN. Taking the fluorescence intensity of CDs as the signal background, the ratiometric fluorescence of GSH-Au NCs and CDs has a good linear relationship with the FEN concentration from 0.01 to 1.10 μg mL -1 , and detecting FEN exhibits a good sensitivity at a low detection limit of 6.74 ng g -1 . The La 3+ assisted GSH-Au NCs/CDs nanoplatform demonstrates desirable selectivity and applicability for monitoring trace level of FEN in fruit and vegetable samples. The non-enzymatic strategy by taking advantage of successive AIEE of GSH-Au NCs has a great potential for facile screening organophosphate pesticides in agro-products., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Interactions between titanium dioxide nanoparticles (n-TiO 2 ) and pollutants in the aquatic environment may alter the bioavailability of pollutants, and thus altering their toxicity and fate. In order to investigate the bioconcentration of azoxystrobin (AZ) and its mechanism of cardiotoxicity in the presence of n-TiO 2 , the experiment was divided into control, n-TiO 2 (100 μg/L), AZ (40, 200 and 1000 μg/L) and AZ (40, 200, 1000 μg/L) + n-TiO 2 groups, and the zebrafish embryos were exposed to the exposure solution until 72 h post-fertilization. Results suggested the presence of n-TiO 2 notably reduced the accumulation of AZ in larvae compared with exposure to AZ alone, thereby significantly decreasing AZ-induced cardiotoxicity, including heart rate changes, pericardium edema, venous thrombosis, increased sinus venosus and bulbus arteriosus distance and changes in cardiac-related gene expression. Further studies showed that AZ + n-TiO 2 together restrained total-ATPase and Ca 2+ -ATPase activities, while the activity of Na + K + -ATPase increased at first and then decreased. Furthermore, there were significant changes in the expressions of oxidative phosphorylation and calcium channel-related genes, suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction may be the potential mechanism of cardiotoxicity induced by AZ and n-TiO 2 . This study supplies a new perspective for the joint action of AZ and environmental coexisting pollutants and provides a basis for ecological risk management of pesticides., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Herein, a fluorescence "on-off" system was developed for monitoring carbendazim (CBZ) residues in fruit samples, based on glutathione-gold nanoclusters (GSH-Au NCs) and silver ions (Ag + ). First, the fluorescence intensity of GSH-Au NCs was greatly enhanced (turn on) with aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) effect in the presence of Ag + , then fluorescence quenching occurred (turn off) with adding CBZ by the chelation between CBZ and Ag + . The quenching degree was well linearly dependent on CBZ concentration covering from 0.5 to 20 μM. Moreover, the GSH-Au NCs-Ag + system exhibited superior selectivity towards CBZ and was sensitive for the determination of CBZ in apple and orange juices with a low detection limit of 0.12 μM. The recoveries of CBZ spiked in fruit samples ranged from 81.0 % to 111.4% with the relative standard deviations less than 6.6%, demonstrating its great potential for monitoring CBZ residues in fruit samples., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

A rapid, selective, and sensitive method was developed for the detection of carbendazim and thiabendazole in edible vegetable oil. Two benzimidazole analytes were pre-concentrated by magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) using flowerlike Ni-NiO composite as sorbents and followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. The flowerlike Ni-NiO composite sorbent displayed a high affinity towards benzimidazole analytes due to the reversible coordination interaction between the Ni(Ⅱ) ion and the electron-donating imidazole group. In comparison to the previous methods, this procedure is less time-consuming and simpler during sample preparation. The parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were optimized in detail. The method was validated according to SANTE/12682/2019. The limits of detection were in the range of 0.001-0.003 mg•kg -1 . The recoveries ranged from 89.3% to 110.7% with inter-day and inter-day precision less than 10.9%. The results indicate that flowerlike Ni-NiO composite might be a promising alternative for MSPE of benzimidazole compounds in foods., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

An improved QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe) method, combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS), was used to determine bongkrekic acid (BA) in tremella and auricularia auricular. BA is a fat-soluble, fatal bacterial toxin produced by the aerobic gram-negative bacteria Burkholderia gladioli pathovar cocovenenans. Tremella and auricularia auricular, which have rich nutritional values, are traditional edible fungi in China that are very popular among Chinese consumers. However, tremella and auricularia auricular are easily contaminated by BA during storage and foaming, and this poses a great threat to food safety and human health. Therefore, establishing a rapid and efficient analysis method for detecting BA in tremella and auricularia auricular is of considerable significance. However, the BA concentration in the actual sample is very low, and the matrices of tremella fuciformis and auricularia auricular are very complex. Thus, it is necessary to employ appropriate sample pretreatment technology to extract and purify BA from tremella and auricularia auricular samples prior to instrumental analysis. In this study, the QuEChERS method, combined with UHPLC-MS/MS, was used to detect BA in tremella and auricularia auricular. The key parameters, such as extraction solvent, extraction method, and adsorbent used for cleanup, were optimized to obtain high extraction efficiency. The content of acetic acid in the extraction solution strongly influenced the extraction efficiency of BA, and acetonitrile with 5%(v/v) acetic acid was determined to be the optimum extraction solvent. After salting out, the acetonitrile extract was purified by dispersive solid phase extraction using 200 mg C18 as a cleanup adsorbent. The sample was then separated on a Waters HSS T3 column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8 μm), using a water solution containing 0.01% (v/v) formic acid and 0.05% (v/v) ammonia and methanol as mobile phases. MS analysis was performed using an electrospray ionization source in the negative and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) modes. Under the optimized conditions, the matrix effects of UHPLC-MS/MS in tremella and auricularia auricular were -6.3% and -11.5%, respectively; this indicated that the method had a significant purification effect, and the sample matrix did not affect the MS detection of BA. Further study showed that in the concentration range of 1-200 μg/L, the square of the regression coefficient of the linear equation ( R 2 ) was greater than 0.999. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.15 μg/kg and 0.5 μg/kg, respectively. The average recoveries in samples spiked with 0.5, 10, and 50 μg/kg BA in tremella ranged from 92.4% to 102.6%, and the intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 4.3%-4.9% and 3.2%-3.5%, respectively. For auricularia auricular, the average recoveries ranged from 89.6% to 102.3%, and the intra-day and inter-day RSDs were 2.4%-9.5% and 3.6%-4.1%, respectively. These results indicate that the proposed method has satisfactory sensitivity, accuracy, and precision. Finally, the method showed good performance when applied to the analysis of real samples. Compared with other reported methods, the LOD and LOQ of our proposed method were lower, with satisfactory recovery and precision. Taken together, this study provides an effective detection technology for the monitoring and risk control of BA in tremella and auricularia auricular.

Fermented meat rice (FMR) is a traditional Chinese fermented food with special flavor and abundant microorganisms. Lactobacillus and Staphylococcus species have been found to be excellent strains in FMR during fermentation. However, their roles in FMR flavor formation remain yet to be elucidated. Here, we investigated the correlation between physicochemical properties and volatile flavor components, as well as the microbial community during FMR fermentation. First, we determined pH, total titratable acids (TTA), proteins, total lipids, organic acids, free amino acids (FAAs), and volatile flavor compounds (VFCs). With increasing fermentation time, inoculation with Lactobacillus plantarum C7+ Staphylococcus warneri S6 (LP + SW) accelerated the decrease in pH, increased TTA, and reduced protein and total lipid content of FMR. In addition, LP + SW inoculation resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) higher contents of β-eudesmol, nerolidol, ethyl caproate, citronellal, lactic acid, and most FAAs (aspartic acid, glutamic acid, alanine, and lysine) in FMR compared to natural fermentation. Second, inoculated fermentation promoted the growth of Lactobacillus plantarum and/or Staphylococcus warneri and inhibited the growth of some potentially pathogenic microorganisms such as Acinetobacter and Enhydrobacter. Lactobacillus and Staphylococcus were found to be highly correlated with the physicochemical properties and VFCs (P < 0.05) of FMR as indicated by redundancy analysis (RDA) and partial least squares (PLS, VIP > 1.0) analysis. Finally, Spearman's correlation (| r | ≥ 0.7, P < 0.05) analysis of SPSS was visualized by the Cytoscape software. The findings suggest that inoculation with L. plantarum C7 and/or S. warneri S6 can significantly improve the flavor quality of FMR., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Mn 2+ -doped amino lead halide molecular clusters (MCs) are synthesized using amine (e.g., n -octylamine, or butylamine) as passivating ligand and MnX 2 (X = Cl or Br) as the Mn 2+ doping source at room temperature. Their optical properties are investigated with UV-visible absorption, photoluminescence (PL), and PL excitation spectroscopy. The Mn 2+ precursor plays a vital role in the synthesis of Mn 2+ -doped MCs. MnCl 2 seems to facilitate the incorporation of Mn. The MnCl 2 doping causes electronic absorption blue shift and leads to a spin-forbidden 4 T 1 → 6 A 1 Mn d-electron emission. With the help of time-resolved PL, Fourier transform infrared, and electron paramagnetic resonance results, a model is proposed to explain the formation mechanism. We suggest that Mn 2+ doping replaces Pb 2+ is assisted by Cl - ions that replace Br - ions. This study demonstrates the possibility of doping MCs and has important implications in gaining new fundamental insight into the growth mechanisms of perovskite nanostructures.

Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction has garnered increasing attention in sample preparation due to its rapid and efficient extraction process. In this study, a new terpineol-based hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent was firstly synthesized by mixing α-terpineol with 1-octanoic acid, and then applied to analysis of phenols from water samples by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography and diode array detection. Infrared spectroscopy indicated that hydrogen bonding was responsible for the formation of deep eutectic solvent between α-terpineol and 1-octanoic acid. After optimization of several parameters, such as the type and volume of deep eutectic solvent and the disperser, pH and ionic strength of sample solution, the developed method exhibited excellent extraction performance to the phenols with the enrichment factors from 27 to 32. Good linearity was acquired ranging from 5 to 5000 μg/L, and detection of limits of the proposed method for the phenols ranged from 0.15 to 0.38 μg/L. The recoveries measured by spiked samples at three concentration levels ranged from 81.6 to 99.3%, and precision was found with intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations less than 8.7 and 9.2%, respectively. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of the phenols in environmental water samples., (© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Beta-cypermethrin, a type II synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, is widely used in pest control. Several studies have demonstrated that beta-cypermethrin can affect the reproductive system of mammals. However, there is still a scarcity of information about the reproductive toxicity to fish induced by beta-cypermethrin and its molecular mechanism. Therefore, this study was conducted to address this scientific question, in which the adult zebrafish were exposed to 0 (blank control), 0 (acetone solvent control), 0.1, 0.5, and 2.5 μg/L of beta-cypermethrin for 21 days. A decrease in cumulative egg production of zebrafish was observed, indicating that beta-cypermethrin had a negative impact on reproductive capacity of zebrafish. Regarding the histomorphological analysis of gonads, the delay of gonadal development was observed after exposure for 21 days. In addition, significant changes in plasma 17β-estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) were found in zebrafish. Further exploration showed that the transcription levels of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis-related genes were remarkably changed, which corresponded well with the alterations of hormone levels. These results demonstrated that beta-cypermethrin might have an adverse effect on the reproduction system of zebrafish through delaying gonadal development, disturbing sex hormone secretion, and affecting HPG axis gene expression. This study suggests that beta-cypermethrin poses a potential threat to the reproduction of fish populations, and the toxicity assessment of beta-cypermethrin plays a vital role in the environmental risk assessment of pesticides., (Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

In current study, a rapid and sensitive method for simultaneous determination of 8 phenoxy carboxylic acid (PCA) herbicides in environmental water samples was established based on an octyl and amino functionalized magnetic mesoporous silica (mOAS). The mOAS sorbent was fabricated by simple modification of octyl and aminopropyl groups onto the surface of magnetic mesoporous silica. Various techniques were employed to characterize the physical and chemical properties of the mOAS sorbent. The mOAS sorbent showed good extraction capacity and selectivity for PCA herbicides owing to the mixed-mode hydrophobic and ionic exchange interaction mechanisms. Then a one-factor-at-a-time approach was utilized for the optimization of extraction, washing and eluting conditions. Under the optimum conditions, wide linearity ranges with squared correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9888 to 0.9966 were obtained, and the method detection of limits (LODs) were in the range of 0.005-0.02 ng/mL. Furthermore, recoveries ranged from 86.9 to 114.6% with intra- and inter-day relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.8-11.0% at three concentration levels spiked in blank water sample. Finally, the as-proposed method was successfully applied to extract 8 PCA herbicides in real water samples followed by determination with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Results showed that the mOAS as adsorbent for magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) of acidic herbicides is an efficient alternative with simplicity and rapidity., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Oligonucleotide probes were designed with a poly-cytosine region that facilitates stable anchoring to a magnetic ionic liquid support. By tethering a recognition sequence to the poly-C tag, the resulting diblock oligonucleotides distinguished single-nucleotide variants and captured DNA targets from interfering genomic DNA and cell lysate for qPCR amplification.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are one class of brominated flame retardants (BFRs). Although studies have reported the occurrence of PBDEs in freshwater fish species from several locations, to our best knowledge, there was no comprehensive data on PBDEs in foods of animal origin, such as pork, egg, and milk samples from interior areas of China, where pork and eggs are the major constituents of diet. The levels of PBDEs (BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, and 183) were determined in samples of animal-derived foods widely consumed by the population of Hubei in east-central China and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Two hundred six samples of animal-derived foods were randomly acquired in 17 sites of Hubei in 2010. The highest medium concentration of ∑7PBDEs was found in chicken eggs (0.191 ng/g wet weight (ww)), followed by duck eggs (0.176 ng/g ww), pork (0.050 ng/g ww), carps (0.047 ng/g ww), and cow milk (0.013 ng/g ww). The estimated dietary intake of Σ7PBDEs for a standard adult of 60 kg body weight based on medium and 95th percentile concentrations with consumption of animal-derived foods in Hubei province were 157.5 and 1960.3 pg/kg body weight/day, respectively. Chicken eggs (65.9 %) and pork (23.4 %) were the largest contributors to dietary intake of ∑7PBDEs through animal-derived foods. The same PBDE sources were exposed in Hubei province via principal component analysis (PCA), and the particular congener profile in samples of animal-derived foods revealed the possible exposure history of octa-BDEs and penta-BDEs in the local region. The large margins of exposure (MOE) calculated following the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) approach for three important congeners, BDE-47, BDE-99, and BDE-153, indicated that the estimated dietary exposures were unlikely to be a significant health concern to in Hubei.

A "mixed ligand" octyl-carboxylic co-bonded silica (OCS) packing was prepared by the method of "click chemistry". The resulting OCS packing was characterized by elemental analysis (EI) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) to prove the successful immobilization of octyl and carboxylic groups on the surface of silica gel. Then the mixed-mode reversed-phase/weak-cationic-exchange (RP/WCX) retention mechanism of the OCS packing was quantitatively probed by studying the retention factors of a homologous series of three cationic surfactants on the mixed-mode stationary phase column as a function of the ammonium concentration in the eluent or the number of methylene groups in the solute. The one-site and two-site mixed-mode retention models of the three cationic surfactants on the OCS phases were studied by investigating the logarithm and reciprocal relationships of retention factors and salt concentrations, demonstrating that the two-site model was more suitable for the description of individual RP or WCX contribution to total retention was obtained according to the mathematical equations of two-site retention mechanism, which can provide some valuable guidance for the separation of real samples. This study developed the qualitative model of retention mechanism of the mixed-mode OCS packing, and a series of standard basic mixtures were well separated on the OCS packing, demonstrating the great application potential of OCS packing for the separation of various basic compounds.

A simple and efficient method has been proposed for the preparation of octyl-sulfonic co-bonded silica (OSS) packing by the method of "mixed ligand". The resulting OSS packing was characterized by elemental analysis and ion-exchange capacity to prove the successful immobilization of octyl and sulfonic groups on the surface of silica gel. Then the retention mechanism of several basic analytes on the developed OSS phases was evaluated under the conditions of reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) mobile phase. The results indicated that the OSS stationary phases demonstrated a mixed-mode reversed-phase/strong-cationic-exchange (RP/SCX) retention mechanism and ion-exchange interaction maybe dominate the retention of the basic analytes. By changing the salt concentration of mobile phase, the one-site and two-site mixed-mode retention models of the several basic analytes on the OSS phases were obtained by investigating the logarithm and reciprocal relationships of retention factor and salt concentration. On the basis of the linear fitting of the two mathematical equations of the retention models, the experimental results demonstrated that the two-site model was more suitable for the description of the retention mechanism of the basic analytes on the OSS phases. Furthermore, the individual RP or SCX contribution to total retention was obtained according to the mathematical equations of the two-site retention mechanism, which can provide some valuable guidance for the separation of complex samples.