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Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents, on average, over 90% of all malignancies of the kidney that occur in adults in both sexes. Chemokine receptors expression has been found in many kinds of cancer and at tumor metastasis site. We determined CXCR2 and CXCR3 expression in RCC by immunohistochemistry method and analyzed the prognostic value of these markers. Our finding demonstrated that CXCR3 were highly overexpressed in renal cancer tissues compared with those adjacent normal kidney tissues (P < 0.001). The results showed that high expression of CXCR3 was markedly correlated with metastasis (P = 0.021) and tumor stage (P = 0.031). CXCR2 were overexpressed in renal cancer tissues compared with those adjacent normal kidney tissues (P < 0.001). Our result showed that CXCR2 expression was correlated with high grade (P = 0.024), advanced stage (P = 0.029) and metastasis (P = 0.018). The log-rank test revealed that high CXCR2 and CXCR3 expressions are related to poorer overall survival (P < 0.001; P < 0.001). In conclusion, this study indicates the correlation of CXCR3 and CXCR3 with progression of RCC. In addition, high CXCR3 andCXCR2 expressions were correlated with shorter overall survival. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(8):629-633, 2016., (© 2016 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.)

Recent studies have investigated the expression of proliferative markers, but little is known about the expression of cytokeratin 15 and 19 in different histological subtypes of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). We conducted cellular, biological, clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analysis on the manifestations of 8 BCC by hematoxylin and eosin stain (H&E) staining and immunohistochemistry and reviewed relevant literature. Microscopically, the tumor cells were multiple remarkable foci of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis with large pleomorphic nuclei and scant cytoplasm together with peripheral palisading and forming solid nests. Furthermore, the most tumors were composed of highly cellular areas with a homogenous population of round, ovoid and spindle cells, hyperchromatic nuclei, high cellular pleomorphism, high mitotic index and various morphologic patterns. Moreover, the tumors displayed an invasive growth, with positive expression of Cytokeratin 19 (CK19) and negative expression of CK15. Our study revealed that the expression of CK19 was associated with progression and invasion in cases with BCC and immunohistochemistry is indispensable in distinguishing this tumor from other types of cutaneous carcinoma. To our best knowledge, it may be a considerable biomarker to assess invasiveness of cutaneous-surface BCC and to guide clinical management of such tumors., (Copyright © 2015 The International Alliance for Biological Standardization. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Gout is a metabolic disorder that results in hyperuricemia and the deposition of positively birefringent monosodium urate crystals in various parts of the body. The purpose of this study was to characterize the incidence and diagnostic features of visceral gout found at necropsy in two patients., Case Presentation: The authors present an unusual report of untreated gout leading to major structure destructions in visceral organs. Gross post-mortem examination revealed a white powdery substance and display needle-like crystalline symmetry under the macroscopic on the visceral surfaces. Microscopically, the presence of crystalline deposits (urate tophi) were detected in visceral organs, such as; kidney, liver, lung and mesentery. Irrespective of its location, gout was observed, by H&E, as intracellular and extracellular eosinophilic deposits that compressed surrounding tissues. Moreover, numerous necrotizing granulomas of multifarious sizes were observed that were compounded by large aggregations of eosinophilic material (gout), surrounded by epithelioid macrophages, lymphoplasmacytic cells, foreign body multinucleated giant cells, fibrosis, fibroplasia and few edema. On the other hand, our results revealed that granulomatous nodules in the mesentery and kidney contained large numbers of gout foci compared with lung and liver. Furthermore, the immediate cause of death in these cases were not identified, but appeared to result from multiple factors, including the visceral gout due to unsuitable environmental conditions., Conclusion: In summary, we have identified a valid histopathologic damage index for use in laboratory studies of visceral gout. This system provides a feasible method of representing visceral damage in gout, and may allow for better understanding of the natural history, pathophysiology and the management of acute attacks of gouty visceral in this disease. Finally, to the best of our knowledge, understanding of the distribution of monosodium urate crystals within the body can aid clinical diagnosis and further understanding of the resulting pathology., Virtual Slides: The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1293547351151638 .