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The COCONUT (COlleCtion of Open Natural prodUcTs) database was launched in 2021 as an aggregation of openly available natural product datasets and has been one of the biggest open natural product databases since. Apart from the chemical structures of natural products, COCONUT contains information about names and synonyms, species and organism parts in which the natural product has been found, geographic information about where the respective sample has been collected and literature references, where available. COCONUT is openly accessible at https://coconut.naturalproducts.net. Users can search textual information and perform structure, substructure, and similarity searches. The data in COCONUT are available for bulk download as SDF, CSV and a database dump. The web application for accessing the data is open-source. Here, we describe COCONUT 2.0, for which the web application has been completely rewritten, and the data have been newly assembled and extensively curated. New features include data submissions by users and community curation facilitated in various ways., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.)

GeoCrack is the first large-scale open source annotated dataset of fracture traces from geological outcrops, enabling deep learning-based fracture segmentation, setting a new standard for natural fracture characterization datasets. GeoCrack contains images from photogrammetric surveys of fractured rock exposures across 11 sites in Europe and the Middle East, capturing diverse lithologies and tectonic settings. Each image was cleaned, normalized, and manually segmented, followed by a recursive annotation vetting process to ensure the quality and accuracy of the digitized fracture edges. The processed images and corresponding binary masks were divided into 224 × 224 patches, yielding 12,158 pairs. GeoCrack captures representive real-world challenges in fracture edge annotation, such as contrast variations between fracture traces and the host medium due to geological and geomorphological factors like aperture dilation, host rock composition, outcrop weathering, and groundwater staining. Physical occlusions like shadows and vegetation are also considered to minimize false positives. GeoCrack was validated using a U-Net implementation for fracture segmentation, achieving satisfactory IoU of 85%. GeoCrack holds strong potential to advance deep fracture segmentation in geological applications, effectively tackling the diverse challenges of real-world fracture identification., Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

The case of a 22-year-old man with cannabis-induced obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is described in this case report. There is ample literature available regarding cannabis-induced psychotic and mood symptoms but there is dearth of literature about cannabis association with OCD. The importance of recognising cannabis-induced OCD is emphasized, given that in literature, it can be used in ameliorating OCD in a few studies. Nevertheless, further research is needed to explore the neurobiological underpinning of both cannabis abuse and OCD to find out the link and complex interplay between addictive, impulsive and compulsive behaviours before using it as a treatment option., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2023 Indian Journal of Psychiatry.)

The solid-state reaction method was utilised to create a down-conversion phosphor in an air environment in CaY 2 O 4 :Eu 3+ nanocrystalline material. The calcination temperature was set at 1000 °C, and the sintering temperature was set at 1300 °C. Following annealing, confirmation of the crystallinity quality of the phosphor was accomplished by the use of X-ray diffraction analysis. The particle size was predicted to be 43.113 nm using Scherrer's formula. To produce down-conversion luminescence spectra, an excitation wavelength of 247 nm was applied with a fluorescence spectrophotometer. The PL got increasingly intense as the concentration of the dopant increased. The maximum intensity was measured at 2.0 mol% of Eu 3+ ion, which gradually decreased as the concentration increased because of concentration quenching. To analyse spectrophotometric peak determinations, the approach developed by the Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage (CIE) was used. Thermoluminescence (TL) glow curve analysis of the CaY 2 O 4 :Eu 3+ -doped phosphor manufactured here revealed a wide TL centred at 225 °C, which comprised of so many peaks that may be extracted by the computerised glow curve deconvolution (CGCD) approach using glow-fit software. The associated kinetic parameters were then determined. The prepared phosphor may be useful for application in various display devices upon excitation by 247 nm; the prominent 613 nm peak of the Eu 3+ ion ( 5 D 0 → 7 F 2 ) electric dipole transition features a red component. CaY 2 O 4 :Eu 3+ phosphors show promise as materials for potential use in phosphor-converted white LEDs in the field of solid-state lighting technology. The linear connection that the TL glow curve has with UV dose provides evidence for its possible use in dosimetry., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

In this work, the Eu 3+ , Cr 3+ doped and co-doped LaVO 4 phosphors have been prepared through a high temperature solid-state reaction method. The powder XRD patterns of phosphors are very sharp and intense, which reflects a highly crystalline nature of phosphors. The XRD data were also refined by a Rietveld refinement method. The particle size of the phosphor samples lies in the sub-micron to micron range. The existence of La, Eu, Cr, V and O elements was verified by EDS spectra. The FTIR spectra show various absorption bands due to different vibrating groups. The optical band gap of the phosphor decreases on increasing concentration of Cr 3+ ion. The photoluminescence excitation spectra of Eu 3+ , Cr 3+ co-doped LaVO 4 phosphor exhibit bands due to Eu 3+ and Cr 3+ ions. The Eu 3+ doped LaVO 4 phosphor exciting at 393 and 316 nm wavelengths gives intense red color at 614 nm due to the 5 D 0 → 7 F 2 transition of the Eu 3+ ion. When the Cr 3+ ion is co-doped in the Eu 3+ doped LaVO 4 phosphor the emission spectra contain emission bands due to Eu 3+ and Cr 3+ ions. The emission intensity of Eu 3+ doped phosphor reduces due to energy transfer from Eu 3+ to Cr 3+ ions in presence of Cr 3+ ions upon 393 and 386 nm excitations. The lifetime of the 5 D 0 level of Eu 3+ ions decreases in the Eu 3+ , Cr 3+ co-doped LaVO 4 phosphor, which also reflects the energy transfer. The Eu 3+ , Cr 3+ co-doped LaVO 4 phosphor also produces a large amount of heat upon 980 nm excitation. Thus, the Eu 3+ , Cr 3+ co-doped LaVO 4 phosphors may be used for LEDs, solid state lighting and heat generating devices., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

The conversion of NIR light into visible light has been studied in Ho 3+ /Yb 3+ /Bi 3+ co-doped ZnGa 2 O 4 phosphor for the first time. The crystallinity and particles size of the phosphor increase through Bi 3+ doping. The absorption characteristics of Ho 3+ , Yb 3+ and Bi 3+ ions are identified by the UV-vis-NIR measurements. The Ho 3+ doped phosphor produces intense green upconversion (UC) emission under 980 nm excitations. The emission intensity ~ excitation power density plots show contribution of two photons for the UC emissions. The UC intensity of green emission is weak in the Ho 3+ doped phosphor, which enhances upto 128 and 228 times through co-doping of Yb 3+ and Yb 3+ /Bi 3+ ions, respectively. The relative and absolute temperature sensing sensitivities of Ho 3+ /Yb 3+ /5Bi 3+ co-doped ZnGa 2 O 4 phosphor are calculated to be 13.6 × 10 -4 and 14.3 × 10 -4  K -1 , respectively. The variation in concentration of Bi 3+ ion and power density produces excellent color tunability from green to red via yellow regions. The CCT also varies with concentration of Bi 3+ ion and power density from cool to warm light. The color purity of phosphor is achieved to 98.6% through Bi 3+ doping. Therefore, the Ho 3+ /Yb 3+ /Bi 3+ :ZnGa 2 O 4 phosphors can be suitable for UC-based color tunable devices, green light emitting diodes and temperature sensing.

In this paper, we have studied the structural, optical, dielectric and magnetic properties of Eu 3+ , Bi 3+ co-doped LaVO 4 phosphors prepared by solid state reaction method. Rietveld structural analysis of the samples confirms the monoclinic crystal structure with P2 1 /n space group. The particles size of Eu 3+ doped LaVO 4 phosphor increased in presence of Bi 3+ ion. The excitation spectrum of Eu 3+ , Bi 3+ co-doped LaVO 4 phosphor reveals bands due to charge transfer state (CTS) and electronic transitions of Eu 3+ and Bi 3+ ions. The Eu 3+ doped LaVO 4 phosphor gives intense red emission centred at 613 nm due to 5 D 0  →  7 F 2 transition of Eu 3+ ion excited at 266, 355 and 394 nm wavelengths. When Bi 3+ and Eu 3+ ions are co-doped in the LaVO 4 phosphor the photoluminescence intensity is enhanced upto two times. The photoluminescence intensity is largest for the 266 nm excitation. This is due to energy transfer from CTS and ( 1 P 1 , 3 P 1 ) levels of the Bi 3+ ion to 5 D 4 level of the Eu 3+ ion and increase in the particles size of phosphor. The Eu 3+ , Bi 3+ co-doped LaVO 4 phosphors also show excellent dielectric and magnetic properties with a variation in frequency and magnetic field, respectively. Thus, the Eu 3+ , Bi 3+ co-doped LaVO 4 phosphor may be useful in fabricating displays devices, red emitting phosphors, dielectric capacitors and magnetic devices., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest This article is free from conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Intense red upconversion luminescence was observed in the Er 3+ /Yb 3+ /Li + co-doped ZnGa 2 O 4 phosphor synthesized through the solid state reaction method for the first time. The structural characterization showed a large crystalline nature and an increase in the particle size via Li + doping. The absorption spectra showed a large number of peaks in the UV-vis-NIR regions due to the Er 3+ and Yb 3+ ions. The Er 3+ /Yb 3+ co-doped ZnGa 2 O 4 phosphor exhibited green, red and NIR upconversion emissions on excitation with 980 nm radiation. The intensity of the red emission was relatively larger than that of the other emissions. The luminescence intensity versus pump power measurements revealed the number of required photons for these emissions. The phosphor showed very interesting color tunability as a function of Er 3+ ion concentration and incident pump power. The luminescence intensity of the Er 3+ /Yb 3+ co-doped phosphor was enhanced more than two times via Li + doping. The enhancement in the luminescence intensity was proposed to be due to the increase in the crystallinity and particle size of the phosphor. The lifetimes of the 4 S 3/2 and 4 F 9/2 levels also increased in the presence of Li + ions. The variation in the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) of the thermally coupled levels (TCLs) of the red emission with incident pump power offered effective optical heating in the phosphor. The temperature-induced FIR using TCLs of red emission exhibited a larger value of temperature sensing sensitivity in the presence of Li + ions, which was up to 14 × 10 -4 K -1 . Thus, the Er 3+ /Yb 3+ /Li + co-doped ZnGa 2 O 4 phosphor may be used in photonic, optical heating, and temperature sensing devices., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest in the present study., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Three-dimensional nanocomposites exhibit unexpected mechanical and biological properties that are produced from two-dimensional graphene nanoplatelets and oxide materials. In the present study, various composites of microwave-synthesized nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) and graphene nanoparticles (GNPs), (100 - x )HAp- x GNPs ( x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.5 wt %), were successfully synthesized using a scalable bottom-up approach, that is, a solid-state reaction method. The structural, morphological and mechanical properties were studied using various characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and universal testing machine (UTM). XRD studies revealed that the prepared composites have high-order crystallinity. Addition of GNPs into nHAp significantly improved the mechanical properties. Three-dimensional nanocomposite 99.5HAp-0.5GNPs exhibited exceptionally high mechanical properties, for example, a fracture toughness of ∼116 MJ/m 3 , Young's modulus of ∼98 GPa, and compressive strength of 96.04 MPa, which were noticed to be much greater than in the pure nHAp. The MTT assay and cell imaging behaviors were carried out on the gut tissues of Drosophila third instars larvae and on primary rat osteoblast cells for the sample 99.5HAp-0.5GNPs that have achieved the highest mechanical properties. The treatment with lower concentrations of 10 μg/mL on the gut tissues of Drosophila and 1 and 5 μg/mL of this composite sample showed favorable cell viability. Therefore, owing to the excellent porous nature, interconnected surface morphology, and mechanical and biological properties, the prepared composite sample 99.5HAp-0.5GNPs stood as a promising biomaterial for bone implant applications., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABC) are expansile lytic lesions constituting around 1% of all benign bone tumors with an annual incidence of 1.4/100000. A variety of treatments are available ranging from curettage with or without bone grafting (autologous or allogeneic), curettage with use of adjuvants [Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement, high speed burr, phenol, liquid nitrogen], wide en-block excision with or without reconstruction, selective arterial embolization of the feeding vessels, radiation therapy, high precision megavoltage radiotherapy and percutaneous radio-nuclide ablation, sclerotherapy (ethibloc, aetoxisclerol, alcohol gel, polidocanol). The optimal treatment is debatable due to various indications and contraindications of different modalities of treatment. Recent data suggest that percutaneous sclerotherapy with polidocanol is safe and effective alternative to surgery for treatment of ABCs as it has minimal side effects. We are reporting the first case of life-threatening adverse reaction to intra-lesional polidocanol in a three-year-old boy with a proximal femoral aneurysmal bone cyst. The importance of reporting this case is to make people aware regarding the adverse reaction of polidocanol and to highlight the precautions one should follow while using polidocanol for aneurysmal bone cysts.

The Bi 3+ /Yb 3+ -codoped gadolinium tungstate phosphor has been synthesized through a solid-state reaction method. The structural characterization reveals the crystalline nature of the phosphor. The Bi 3+ -doped phosphor emits visible radiation from the blue to red regions upon excitation with 330 and 355 nm. The addition of Yb 3+ to the Bi 3+ -doped phosphor reduces the emission intensity in the visible region and emits an intense near-infrared (NIR) photon centered at 976 nm through a quantum-cutting (QC) phenomenon. This is due to cooperative energy transfer (CET) from the 3 P 1 level of Bi 3+ to the 2 F 5/2 level of Yb 3+ . The presence of Li + ions in the Bi 3+ /Yb 3+ -codoped phosphor enhances the emission intensity in the NIR region up to by 3 times, whereas the emission intensity in the visible region is significantly reduced. The energy transfer (ET) from the Bi 3+ ions to the Yb 3+ ions is confirmed by lifetime measurements, and the lifetime for the 3 P 1 level of Bi 3+ decreases continuously with increasing Yb 3+ concentration. The ET efficiency (η ETE ) and corresponding QC efficiency (η QE ) are calculated and found to be 29% and 129%, respectively. The presence of Li + enhances the QC efficiency of the phosphor up to 43%. Thus, the Bi 3+ /Yb 3+ /Li + -codoped phosphor is a promising candidate to enhance the efficiency of a crystalline-silicon-based solar cell through spectral conversion.

Introduction: Fractures of the distal humerus are a rare entity accounting for approximately 2% of the humeral fractures. Non union of the distal humerus is further rare and poses a major challenge. These fractures usually respond to open reduction and bone grafting but some may fail multiple surgical attempts at union and hence are labelled as "resistant" non union. We report a case of resistant non union of the distal humerus which was managed by total elbow arthroplasty., Case Presentation: A 49-year-old male presented to the out patient department with history of a compound comminuted fracture of the distal end of the humerus approximately 25 years back. The fracture was treated with multiple debridements and plaster cast application. There was involvement of the radial and the ulnar nerves as well. The patient continued to use the disabled upper limb with severe difficulties in activities of daily living (ADL). The patient finally presented to us for regaining some range of motion and improvement in his ADL. In view of the grossly distorted anatomy, bone loss and chronic nature of the problem, patient was offered total elbow arthroplasty. The Wadsworth extensile posterior approach was used for exposure of the non union site. The fragments were found to be small, osteoporotic and deformed. In view of the distorted anatomy, the elbow was finally salvaged with mega-prosthetic replacement of the elbow. Posterior elbow splint was used for 2 weeks and active as well as passive range of motion was started after that. The post-operative Mayo elbow score improved from 50 to 80 and the patient was able to achieve a range of motion from 10 degrees to 110 degrees., Conclusion: Total elbow arthroplasty can be used as a salvage procedure for resistant non union of the elbow with failed multiple failed attempts at union. It can also be used as a definitive procedure for severely distorted non union with massive bone loss with satisfactory functional results., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: Nil

Sugarcane is an important tropical cash crop meeting 75% of world sugar demand and it is fast becoming an energy crop for the production of bio-fuel ethanol. A considerable area under sugarcane is prone to waterlogging which adversely affects both cane productivity and quality. In an effort to elucidate the genes underlying plant responses to waterlogging, a subtractive cDNA library was prepared from leaf tissue. cDNA clones were sequenced and annotated for their putative functions. Major groups of ESTs were related to stress (15%), catalytic activity (13%), cell growth (10%) and transport related proteins (6%). A few stress-related genes were identified, including senescence-associated protein, dehydration-responsive family protein, and heat shock cognate 70 kDa protein. A bioinformatics search was carried out to discover novel microRNAs (miRNAs) that can be regulated in sugarcane plants subjected to waterlogging stress. Taking advantage of the presence of miRNA precursors in the related sorghum genome, seven candidate mature miRNAs were identified in sugarcane. The application of subtraction technology allowed the identification of differentially expressed sequences and novel miRNAs in sugarcane under waterlogging stress. The comparative global transcript profiling in sugarcane plants undertaken in this study suggests that proteins associated with stress response, signal transduction, metabolic activity and ion transport play important role in conferring waterlogging tolerance in sugarcane.

Context: Teeth and restorations are subjected continuously to degradation in hostile physical and chemical environments, resulting in corrosion. Component of liquid or solid is an important factor influencing the corrosion of metallic appliances placed in the oral cavity., Aims: To study in vitro corrosion of titanium wires immersed in solutions of toothpaste and chocolate in artificial saliva., Materials and Methods: Immersion test and electrochemical studies using different parameters, including corrosion potential (E corr ), cathodic Tafel constant (βc), anodic Tafel constant (βa), corrosion current (I corr ), polarization resistance (R p ), and corrosion rate of titanium wires, were done in solutions of artificial saliva containing Colgate™ toothpaste and Amul™ chocolate. Photomicrographs were also taken., Results: The results showed degradation of titanium wires by electrochemical attack when they were placed in the hostile electrolytic environments provided in the experiments. Surface analysis of titanium wires showed pitting and localized attacks on the surface. Pitting corrosion was found in the titanium wires.

Induced autotetraploids with high pollen and seed fertility have been developed in a medicinally important Solanaceous plant: Hyoscyamus muticus (2n=28). The colchiploids are vigorous and the increase in all the determinate parts - plant height, size and thickness of leaves, cell, pollen, seed and flower size - along with an increase in alkaloid content has been achieved. The overall improvement in the colchiploids has the advantage of enhancing nearly 1.5 times the production potential of the economic product - the total alkaloids. Although the seed is not the ultimate economic product in this species, it is still required for propagation. The seed fertility in the colchiploids improved because of reduction in quadrivalent frequency and subsequent balanced anaphase separation.