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Background: Coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in Australia commenced in February 2021. The first vaccines recommended for use were AZD1222 and BNT162b2, both delivered as a two-dose primary schedule. In the absence of sustained immunity following immunisation, recommendations for booster vaccination have followed. It is likely that periodic boosting will be necessary for at least some Australians, but it is unknown what the optimal booster vaccines and schedules are or for whom vaccination should be recommended., Methods: The Platform Trial In COVID-19 priming and BOOsting (PICOBOO) is a multi-site, multi-arm, randomised, Bayesian adaptive platform trial evaluating different booster vaccine interventions in immunocompetent children and adults, stratified by their primary vaccination schedule and age. Participants are randomised to receive one of three licensed COVID-19 booster vaccines available for use in Australia. PICOBOO aims to generate evidence about the immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and cross-protection of different booster vaccine strategies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its variants/subvariants. The protocol structure specifying PICOBOO is modular and hierarchical. We have previously published the PICOBOO core (master) protocol. Here, we detail the substudy protocol which outlines the study processes which are specific to PICOBOO participants enrolled in the booster vaccination substudy., Discussion: PICOBOO is an adaptive platform trial evaluating different COVID-19 booster vaccination strategies to generate evidence to inform immunisation practice and policy. The modular and flexible protocol structure is intended to enable investigators to respond with agility to new research questions as they arise, such as immunogenicity targeting emergent virus variants, and the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of new vaccines as they become available for use., Trial Registration: Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register ACTRN12622000238774; registered on 10/02/2022. Protocol V8.0_23112023., (© 2024. Crown.)

This study investigates the enhancement of hydrogen gas-sensing performance by introducing silver (Ag) nanoparticles onto tungsten trioxide (WO 3 ) thin films. Herein, the WO 3 thin films are deposited onto SiO 2 /Si substrates using a sputtering technique and Ag nanoparticles are loaded onto the WO 3 surface through a spin coating technique. To evaluate the sensing performance of a hydrogen gas, interdigitated titanium (Ti) electrodes are deposited onto the Ag:WO 3 layer. Structural, chemical, and morphological analyses are conducted for both pristine WO 3 and Ag:WO 3 thin films, followed by the investigation of gas-sensing performance by varying hydrogen gas concentrations from 100 ppm to 300 ppm and operating temperatures between 30 °C and 300 °C. The obtained results demonstrate that Ag:WO 3 thin films exhibit a notably enhanced response of 5.08% when exposed to a concentration of 100 ppm of hydrogen gas at room temperature, compared to the pristine WO 3 of 3.40%. The fabricated Ag:WO 3 sensor exhibits a response time of 3.0 s, a recovery time of 4.5 s, and also demonstrates excellent stability over 45 days period. Finally, with the superior sensitivity and fast response time, the fabricated Ti/Ag:WO 3 /Ti hydrogen gas sensor test-device can be a potential for improvement of safety from both industrial and environmental perspectives., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

We evaluated the effect of six azoles on embryonic development in the rat whole embryo culture (WEC). Using the total morphological scoring system (TMS), we calculated the ID 10 concentration (effective dose for 10% decrease in TMS). For evaluating gene specific responses, we combined previously and newly collected transcriptomics data of rat WEC exposed to a total of twelve azoles at their ID 10 for 4h. Results revealed shared expressions responses in genes involved in the retinoic acid (RA) and sterol biosynthesis pathways, which are respectively representatives of developmental toxicity and targeted fungicidal action of the azoles. Azoles with more pronounced effects on the regulation of RA-associated genes were generally characterized as more potent embryotoxicants. Overall, compounds with strong sterol biosynthesis related responses and low RA related responses were considered as more favourable candidates, as they specifically regulated genes related to a desired target response. Among the identified sterol associated genes, we detected that methylsterol monooxygenase 1 (Msmo1) was more sensitively induced compared to Cyp51, a classical biomarker of this pathway. Therefore, we suggest that Msmo1 could be a better biomarker for screening the fungicidal value of azoles. In summary, we conclude that the embryonic regulation of RA and sterol metabolic pathways could be indicators for ranking azoles as embryotoxicants and determining their drug efficacy., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)